2022年完整word版,新版八年级上册英语一至三单元知识点.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 新版八年级上册英语第一至三单元学问点Unit1 Where did you go on vacation. 1. on vacation 度假vacation 意为“ 假期、假日”,相当于 holiday ,但 vacation 表示长的假期；如：the long vacation 长假 the summer vacation 暑假 the Christmas vacation 圣诞假期 而 holiday （特殊美国）指“ 假日；休息日；休假”；on vacation = on holiday 意为“ 度假”2. anything inter

2、esting 一些好玩的东西1）something,anything ,nothing ,everything 是指 物 的不定代词； somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,everybody ,everyone 是指 人的不定代词； somewhere,anywhere,nowhere,everywhere 是指 地点 的不定代词；2）当形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,放在这些词的后面；3）这些不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数；如：Is everybody here. 大家

3、都到齐了吗？4）something,somebody,someone,somewhere 用于确定句及表示恳求或建议的疑问句中,而 anything ,anybody,anyone,anywhere 用于否定句及疑问句中；如：Did you do anything interesting. 你做了好玩的事吗？（表疑问）Why don t you visit someone with me. 你为什么不跟我一起去拜望下某个人呢？（表建议）3. buy sth. for sb. 或 buy sb. sth 如： My parents often buy some books for me. = M

4、y parents often buy me some books. 我父母常常给我买书；4.提建议的句子：What/ how about +doing sth. 如： What/ How about going shopping. Why dont you + do sth. 如： Why dont you go shopping. Why not + do sth. . 如： Why not go shopping. Let s + do sth. 如： Let s go shoppingShall we/ I + do sth. 如： Shall we/ I go shopping. 5

5、. long time no see 好久不见1名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 6. quite a few 相当多a few 与 a little 的区分, few 与 little 的区分 a few 一些 修饰可数名词a little 一些 修饰不行数名词 两者都表确定意义如： He has a few friends. 他有一些伴侣；There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖； few 少数的 修饰可数名词little 少数的 修饰不行数名词 但两者都表

6、否定意义如： He has few friends. 他没有几个伴侣；There is little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里没有多少糖；7. most of 的大多数如： most of the time 大多数时间8. Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍旧没有人感到郁闷；1）seem 意为“ 似乎；似乎；看来”,是个连系动词,构成的短语有：seem to do sth. 似乎做某事 如：They seem to talk in class. 他们似乎上课说话；seem（to be）+adj. 似乎 . 如：He seemed to

7、 be ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了；It seems that + 从句 似乎 . 如： It seems that he was ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了；2） bored 作形容词,意为“ 郁闷的；厌倦的” 其主语是某人 ； 而 boring 也是形容词,其主语是某物 ；如：My parents ask me to do homework all day. I feel bored. 我父母成天叫我做作业,我感到很厌倦；Doing homework all day is a little boring. 成天做作业有点无聊；相类似的词语仍有：inter

8、ested adj. 感爱好的 interesting adj. 好玩的surprised adj. 感到诧异的 surprising adj. 诧异的tired 累的 tiring 令人疲乏的excited 兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋 /兴奋的amazed 诧异的 amazing 令人诧异的9. 辨析：get to/reach/arrive 牢记：相同点：都是“ 到达“ 的意思不同点： get to+地点 /reach+地点arrive at+ 小地点（车站等）/arrive in+ 大地点（国家等）留意：如他们后面要加地点副词 here,there,home 等,就不需要加介词；2

9、名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 10. enjoy doing sth .喜爱做 愿意做 如： She enjoys playing football. 她喜爱踢足球；enjoy oneself 过得开心 如： He enjoyed himself. 他过得很开心；跟它意思相近的词组仍有 have a good great time , have fun；11. decide 意为“ 打算”,是动词；它的名词形式为 decision；构成的短语有：decide to do sth. decide on doing

10、 sth. 打算做某事make a decision to do sth. 打算不要做某事,要用 decide not to do sth.；如： Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已经打算去北京；12. nothing.but. 意为“ 除 .之外；只有” ,如：I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我成天除了看电视什么也没干；13 . feel like意为：“ 有什么感觉；感受到”,后跟宾语从句；另外,构成短语feel like doing sth. 意为“ 想做某事” ；如：I fe

11、lt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟；I feel like eating. 我想吃东西；14. because of , because：because of + 名词 /代词 /名词性短语 我得搬家；I had to move because of my job. 由于工作的缘由because +从句如： I do it because I like it.我做这件事是由于我喜爱；15. below 意为“ 在 .下面” ,其反义词为above,意为“ 在 .上面”16. bring sth.to + 地点, 意为“ 带来”,其反义词是take；如：Please b

12、ring your book to our school. 请把你的书带到我们学校来；Please take your book to your school. 请把你的书带到你的学校去；17.enough 足够形容词 enough 如： beautiful enough 足够美丽enough名词 如： enough food 足够食物enough to 足够 去做 如： I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京；She is old enough to go to school. 她够大去读书了；18. so that 如此 以致于引导结

13、果状语从句,so 后面接 形容词、副词. that 后面跟 从句 ；如： She was so sad that she couldn say a word. 她哀痛得一句话也说不出来；3名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 19. taste good 尝起来很好吃； taste 系动词用法 “ 尝起来 ” 后+形容词； 其他表示状态的系动词有：feel（觉得） keep（保持） stay（保持） seem（似乎） look（看来像 ）smell（闻起来） sound（听起来 ）taste（尝起来 ）系动词与形容词连

14、用I feel sick ； 我感到难过；Keep quiet,please！ 请寂静下来！The weather stays very hot；天气特别热；He seems very clever； 他似乎很聪慧；Jim looks like his father ； 吉姆长得像他父亲；The fish smells terrible. 这鱼闻起来坏了；That sounds a good idea； 那听起来是个好想法；The soup tastes very delicious；这汤尝起来特别香；1. exercise 的用法v/n Unit2 How often do you exer

15、cise. 1） 动词,锤炼,既可以作不行数名词“ 锤炼” 讲,也可作可数名词“ 练习” 讲；He exercises every day；We often do / take exercise on weekends. 2）do morning exercises 做早操 do eye exercises 做眼保健操Doing morning exercises is good for our health. 做早操对我们的健康有益；2No, I never go shopping. 不, 我从不购物 ；（1） go shopping 意为“ 去购物” ；Go+ v. Ing 形式表示进行某

16、项活动；如：Go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking 去游泳 /购物 /滑冰 /滑雪 /钓鱼 /爬山 /徒步旅行；（2） never 为频率副词,意思是“从不 ” ；【辨析】： 频率副词 always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never 3. 频率副词词义频率英文释义always 总是100% all the time usually 通常90% often, generally often 常常80% at many times sometimes 有时5

17、0% at times, now and then hardly ever 几乎不10% almost not, not at all never 从不0% not ever, not at any time How often do you watch TV. 你多久看一次电视？ Twice a week. 一周两次；4名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （1）how often 表示 “ 多久一次 ”,是对 动作的频率进行提问；可用于回答表示频率的副词,如 always, usually, often, some

18、times, hardly ever, never 等,或用于回答表示频率的短语,如 once a day 一天一次 ,twice a week 一周两次 ,four times a month 一个月四次 ,every day 每一天 等；如： How often does he surf the Internet. 他多久在网上冲浪一次？ Once a week. 一周一次；（2）twice a week 意思是 “ 一周两次 ”是一个表示频率的短语,表示频率的短语一般是由“ 次数 a时间名词 ”构成；表示 “一次或两次 ”时,一般用 once 和 twice 表示,而表示 “ 三次或三次

19、以上”时,就用 “ 数词 times ”结构；如： once a month 一个月一次 ,twice a day 一天两次 ,three times a week 一周三次）, five times a year 一年五次 等；（3） 疑问词 how 的用法1）怎样,用什么手段,方法/交通工具How did he do it. / I don know how to swim. How do you come to school. 2 情形如何（指身体健康状况）How are you. how much 接不行数名词；3 how many ,how much 表示 “多少 ”how many

20、 后接可数名词复数,How many times do you go to the park. How much are those pants. 4how many times 询问多少次,其答语表示次数；如：once twice, three times 等How many times do you go to the movies a month. About three times. 5 How old. 询问年龄 How old are you. I am five. 6 How about . 如何？ 怎么样？How about going to the movies. 7how

21、long 询问多长时间,其答语表示一段时间,如：for two days , for three hours 等；How long will it take to get to the station？ About half an hour ；8how soon 用来询问过多久,多久以后,其答语是 How soon wil he come back ？In an hour；in two hours ,in three days 等；4. be free 意为“ 有空” 是形容词,其反义词为“be busy” ；free 的另一种意思是“ 自由的；不受约束的”,其名词形式为 freedom；仍有

22、一个意思是“ 免费的”,如： They enjoy free medical care. 他们享受免费医疗；5. be full 意为“ 满的；忙的” 是形容词,其反义词有：full 满的 empty（空的）,full 饱的 hungry（饿的）；如：I am full, so I don t want anything. 我饱了,所以我不想要了；6. eat breakfast 意为“ 吃早饭”同义词组为 have breakfast,其中间不加冠词, 但当三餐前有形容词修饰时,要加不定冠词 a 或 an；如：have a big dinner 吃一顿丰富的晚餐5名师归纳总结 - - - -

23、 - - -第 5 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - want+ 名词想要如： I want a job. 我想要一份工作；want to do sth. 想要做某事 Do you want to go to the movies with me ？你想和我一起去看电影吗？want sb. to do sth. 想要某人干某事 I want you to help me with my math. 我想要你帮我学数学；7She says its good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益；（1） be good for 意思是 “对 有好处 ”

24、 ；如： Doing exercise is good for our health. 进行锤炼对我们的身体有好处；【辨析】： be good for, be good at 与 be good to 意思是 “ 对 有益 ” ；如：be good for Watching TV too much is not good for your health.看电视太多对你的身体没有好处；be good at 意思是 “ 善于于 ” ；如：他善于踢足球； He is good at playing football. be good to 意思是 “ 对 好” ；如： The old woman i

25、s good to us. 那个老太太对我们很好；（2） health 是一个名词,意思是“健康 ”,它的形容词形式是healthy,意思是 “健康的 ”；如： My grandmother is over 80 years old, but she is very healthy. 我奶奶八十多岁了,但她特别健康； We should keep in good health. 我们要保持健康；8. ask sb. to do 叫 做某事Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.ask sb. not to do sth. 叫 不要做某事Teacher a

26、sked me not to clean the classroom.ask sb. about sth. 问某人某事 We asked our students about their free time activities.ask sb. for help 向某人求助 如： ask teacher for help 向老师寻求帮忙9. go online 意为“ 上网”,其同义词为“use the Internet” ；10. help with sth. 如： They help with this problem. help sb. do. 如： They help you rela

27、x. 他们帮忙你放松11. at least 最少 原形 little 比较级 less 最高级 least 如： we should sleep at least 8 hours.我们至少得睡 8 个小时；12. be surprised 意为“ 诧异”构成的短语有6名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - be surprised to do sth 诧异做某事be surprised that + 从句to ones surprise令某人诧异的是 如：to their surprise 令他们诧异的是 to Li

28、Leis surpr ise 令李雷诧异的是13. stay up 熬夜 如： I often stay up until 12:00pm. 我常常熬夜到 12 点；14. although 为连词,意思是“ 尽管；虽然 ” ,表示转折关系,同义词有 though；与 but 作用相同,但是用法不同；特殊留意英、汉在此意义上的表达区分：汉语中常常说“ 虽然 但是 ” ,但在英语中,although 和 but 不能同时使用,即“虽然 ”和“ 但是 ” 只能用其一；如： Although I get up early, I cant catch the ea= I get up early, b

29、ut I cant catch the early bus. 尽管我起得很早,但仍是没有赶上早班车；I don t pass the exam, although I study every hard. =I study very hard, but I dont pass the exam.尽管我努力学习,但考试仍是没有及格；想类似的仍有because 跟 so, 用了 because就不能再用so 了；如：I didn t have supper, because I had a stomacheache. = I had a stomacheache, so I didn t have

30、supper. 我没有吃饭,由于胃疼；15. The best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式原形 good 比较级 better 最高级 best 如：I think the best way to relax is to listen to music. 我认为最好的休闲方式是听音乐；Unit3 I m more outgoing than my sister 1.He has shorte r hair than Sam. 他的头发比萨姆的短；than 比 （用于形容词,副词的比较级之后）“比较级+ than ” 表示 “比.更.；一般形容词或副当两个人或者物进行比较时,

31、要用形容词的比较级；词的比较级是在词后加-er；但要留意比较的对象；如：I am taller than Jim. 我比吉姆高；His hair is shorter than Sams. 他的头发比萨姆的短；This book is more interesting than that one. 这本书比那本书好玩；形容词和副词的比较级、最高级 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1）原级（不作比较） ,修饰词 very,so,too,pretty,really ；“ 较 ” 或“更 ” 的意思（两者之间进行比较）, 标志词 than,A or B,of the two, 修饰词 2）比较级,表示

32、 much,a lot,a little ；7名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3）最高级,表示 “ 最 ” 的意思（三者或三者以上作比较）,形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the,后面可带 in（of）短语来什么比较的范畴；形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规章变化：单音构 成 方 法原级比 较 级最 高 级一般在词尾加 -er 或-est high higher highest 节词以字母 e 词尾的词,加short shorter shortest late later latest 和部分双-r 或-st fine

33、 finest finest 音节重读闭音节词词尾只有hot hotter hottest 词一个辅音字母时,先双big bigger biggest 写辅音字母, 再加 -er 或thin thinner thinnest -est fat fatter fattest 以“ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾的funny funnier funniest 双音节词, 先把 “ y”改为easy easier easiest “i ”,再加early earlier earliest -er 或-est 多音节词在词前加 more 或 most beautiful more beautiful most

34、 beautiful 和部分双athletic more athletic most athletic 音节词outgoing more outgoing most outgoing 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规章变化：原 级比较级最高级good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther（更远）farthest最远 further （更深远）furthest（最深远）2. 反意疑问句确定陈述句否定提问 如： Lily is a student, isn t

35、 she.Lily will go to China, wont she. 否定陈述句确定提问 如： She doesnt come from China, does she.You haven t finished homework, have you. 提问部分用代词而不用名词 如： Lily is a student, isn she. t 陈述句中含有否定意义的词,如 little, few, never, nothing, hardly 等；其反意疑问句用确定式；如：8名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - H

36、e knows little English, does he.他一点也不懂英语,不是吗？They hardly understood it, did they . 他们几乎不明白,不是吗？3. No,I am a little taller than her. a little, much a lot a bit ,far,any,no 等可以 +比较级4.Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉学习跟蒂娜一样努力；“.（not） as + 形容词或副词原级 + as.” 是一种原级比较,意思为“.和.不 一样” ；1）.not as + 形容词或副词原级 + as.表示

37、双方在某个方面不同；如：His English is not as good as hers. 他英语不如她的好；He doesn t work as hard as his brother. 他没有他哥哥工作努力；2）as + 形容词或副词原级 + as 表示双方在某个方面一样；如：She is as tall as me. 她跟我一样高；I run as fast as he does. 我跑得跟他一样快；5. 辨析 beat/win 相同点：都是动词,表示“ 赢”不同： beat+人/win+ 竞赛,竞赛,战争等名词；如：We played very well, and beat the

38、m. 我们发挥得很好,击败了他们；They won the match this time. 这次他们赢了这场竞赛；6. care about 意为“ 关怀；在意”,期中 care 是动词 如：We should care about the old people.我们应当关怀老年人；care for 表示 “ 喜爱 ”, “关怀 ” 之意,后接 名词或 v-ing 形式作宾语, take care of 也有这个意思；He cared nothing for skating. 他对滑冰没有爱好；In our class, we care for each other. 在我们班上,我们相互关

39、怀；Maria takes good care of everybody. 玛丽亚很关怀大家；【友情链接】care for 仍可以表示 “ 照管 ” ,“ 照管 ” ,相当于 take care of 或 look after ；At night he fed and cared for the cattle. 夜里他照管牲口,给牲口喂食；You must care for yourselves. =You must look after yourselves. 你们要照管好自己；The children are well cared for in the nurseries. =The ch

40、ildren are taken good care of in the nurseries. 孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照管；9名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 7.I think a good friend makes me laugh. 我认为好伴侣能使我高兴；牢记： make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事make+ 宾语 +形容词 使某人 /某事怎样 如：Our teacher makes us work ten hours a day 我们老师让我们一天学习 10 个小时；His words mak

41、e us happy. 他的话使我们感到很兴奋；8.laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人）如： Dont laugh at me. 不要取笑我 . 9. Theyboth tall. 他们两个都是高个子；both adj./pron./adv. 两个都 用在 be 动词后,行为动词前；Y ou are both too young./They both speak English. Both of .+ 名词复数（复数谓语）Both of the flowers are beautiful. 两朵花都很美丽；both and两者都 （复数谓语）反义词组： neither nor 两者都不

42、 （谓语单复数根据就近原就）【友情链接】both 与 all both 指代两者；all 指代三者或三者以上 如：My parents are both fine ； 我父母都好；We are all here； 我们都在这儿；10. be ike 意为“ 像” ,这里的 like 是介词；如：She is like her mother ；她长得像他妈妈；like 做动词,意为“ 喜爱”,构成短语like sth. 喜爱某物like sb. 喜爱某人like to do sth. 喜爱做某事如： I like to have friends who are like me. 我喜爱交像我一样

43、的伴侣；like diong sth. 11. need 是动词,需要；need sth.需要 Plant needs water；need to do sth. 需要做 You didnt need to tell him the news,it just made him sad need doing sth.=need to be done 需要被怎么样 Flowers need watering ；【拓展 】need 作情态动词时,后面 +动词原形,意思是必要,必需；这时 need 多用于疑问句,否定句或条件状语从句中；如：You needn lk so loud. 你不必这么大声说话；10名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 11. As long as 只要；既然； 如： You don t need a lot of friends as long as they re good.你不需要许多伴侣,只要他们好就可以了；12.It s not necessary to be the same.完全一样是没有必要的；It s+adj.+ for s