2022年定语从句中可省略的关系副词.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载（5）关系副词的省略在某些表示时间的名词后的关系副词可以省略；如 the time, every time, each time, the moment 等；e.g.By the time when he was fourteen years old Einstein had learnt advanced mathematics all by himself. 到十四岁时,爱因斯坦已经自学了高等数学；Do you still remember the day when we first met. 你仍旧记得我们第一次相遇的那

2、一天吗. 在某些句子中表示地点的名词后关系副词有时也可以省略；如the place 等；e.g.That s the place where he lived when he was in Paris. 这就是他在巴黎时所住的地方；This is the place where we met years ago. 这就是多年前我们见面的地方；先行词 the reason后面的关系副词可以省略；e.g.That s the reason why I asked you to come. 这就是我叫你来的缘由；The reason why he did that is quite clear. 他

3、那样做的理由是特别清晰的；当先行词是 way 时,关系副词经常省略；e.g.I appreciate the way that you teach us. 我特别宠爱你教我们的方式；5定语从句中需留意的事项（1）主谓一样问题这是指关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词一样的问题；取决于先行词,先行词是单数时,从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时,从句的谓语动词用复数；e.g.Mr. Smith , who is now downstairs, is asking to see you. 定语从句的谓语动词 is 依据 Mr. Smith 而定； The Smith

4、s, who are now downstairs, are asking to see you. 定语从句的谓语动词 are 依据 the Smiths 而定； 史密斯先生要见你,他现在正在楼下；史密斯夫妇要见你,他们正在楼下；“ one of复数名词 ” 作主语,谓语动词用复数形式；“ theonly, very, right one of复数名词 ”作主语时；谓语动词用单数形式；e.g.Jeff is one of the students who were awarded. 杰夫是当时获奖的同学之一；本句的先行词是 the students,即所修饰的中心词为 the students

5、,因此谓语动词应依据 the students而定； Jeff is the only one of the students who was awarded. 杰夫是唯独一个获奖的同学；本句的中心词移到了 the only one,因此定语从句的谓语动词需依据 the only one 而定； （2） what, how 不行引导定语从句what 本身是复合关系代词,等同于“先行词关系代词 which/that；因此不能用 what 引导定语从句；e.g.Time is what we demand most. =Time is all that we demand most. 我们所需要的

6、就是时间；Tell me what is happening. =Tell me something that is happening. 告知我正在发生什么事；She isn what she used to be. =She isnt the one that she used to be. 她不是过去的她了；how 为复合关系副词；本身等同于 the way in which ,因此,不能用 how 引导定语从句；e.g.I don t like how you behave. =I dont like the way that/ in which you behave. 我不宠爱你行事

7、的方法；This is how I worked out this problem. =This is the way that/in which I worked out this problem. 这就是我解出这道题的方法；（3）关系代词 that 和 which 的用法辨析that 和 which 在定语从句中都可作主语或宾语,指物；作宾语时,均可省略；通常情形下,二者可互换使用；但有时却不宜任凭互换；宜用 that 的情形1）当先行词是 all, much, little, few, something, anything, everything. none, nothing 等不定代

8、词或被不定代词修饰时；e.g.There is not much that ought to be done right now. 现在没有多少应当做的事情；I did nothing that might hurt you. 损害你的事我一点儿也没做；2）当先行词是 be 后面的表语,或者关系代词本身在从句中作表语时；e.g.The school is quite different from the one that it used to be. 这所学校已和原先的迥然不同了；He is not the man that he was. 他过去不是这样的；3）当主句以 here, ther

9、e 开头时；e.g.Here is a hotel that youve been looking for. 这就是你始终在找的旅社；There is a seat in the corner that is still not taken. 在角上仍有一个空位；4）当先行词有 the only, the same, the very, the last 等词修饰时；e.g.These articles are the very ones that should be read. 这些文章才是应当读的；Chatting was the only thing that interested he

10、r most. 谈天是她唯独感爱好的事；5）当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载e.g.This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city. 6）当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特别疑问句时；这是这座城市迄今为止所放过的最好的电影；e.g.Who is the person that is standing at the gate. 站在门口的那个人是谁.

11、 . Which of us that knows something about physics cannot join electric wires. 我们中间懂物理的谁不会接电线7）当先行词有两个或两个以上,并且分别表示人和物时；e.g.She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in. 宜用 which 的情形 1）在非限制性定语从句中；e.g.Football, which is a very interesting game, is liked by many boys in our c

12、lass. 2）在定语从句中作介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词前时；她把她所感爱好的人和物全拍照了下来；足球是很好玩的运动项目,被我们班里许多男生所宠爱；e.g.I m looking for a container in which I can put all these coins. 我想找一个能放下这些硬币的容器；6中学阶段学习定语从句的要点；上面我们具体的复习了定语从句在中学阶段所学习的内容,为了便利同学们记忆,下面我们把内容梳理如下；定语从句在句子中作定语,用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词；被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词；在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词；（1）

13、引导词分为 “关系代词 ” 和 “关系副词 ” ；关系代词有： who, whom, whose, that, which, as ；关系副词有：when, where, why, that ；留意：关系副词里面没有 how；假如要修饰方式,用 that 或 in which 引导,或者不用引导词；e.g.I don t like the wayt hat, in whichhe eyed me. 我不宠爱他看我的那个样子；（2）关系代词 who 在从句中主要作主语,在非正式语体里 who 仍可以作从句中的宾语；e.g.He is the man who wants to see you. 他

14、就是想要见你的那个人；who 在从句中作主语 （3）关系代词 whom ；e.g.He is the man whom I saw in the park yesterday. whom 在从句中作宾语 他就是我昨天在公园里见到的那个人；作宾语用的引导词可以省略,因此上面的句子可以改写如下：He is the man I saw in the park yesterday. （4）关系代词 whose 用来指人或物,只能用作定语,如指物,它仍可以同 of which 互换 ；e.g.Please pass me the book whoseof whichcover is green. 请递给

15、我那本绿皮的书；（5）关系代词 which 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略；e.g.They needed a plant which didnt need as much water as rice. 他们需要一种不像水稻那么需要水的作物；作主语 留意：当有 which 和 that 要进行挑选的情形下,以下情形要选 which ：在非限制性定语从句中通常用 which 作引导词,而不能用 that 做非限制性定语从句的引导词；修饰整个主句；e.g.I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity. 修饰谓语

16、部分e.g.He can swim in the river, which I cannot. 介词 which 从那以后我再也没有见到过朱莉叶,真是遗憾；他会在河里游泳,那正是我不会的；e.g.They are all questions to which there are no answers. 那些问题都是无头公案；（6）关系代词 that 多用来指物,有的也可以用来指人；在从句中作主语或宾语；指物的时候多用 that,也可用 which ；e.g.It s a question thatwhich needs careful consideration. 这是一个需要认真考虑的问题；

17、指物,作主语； 留意：在以下的情形中,只能用 that 作引导词,而不能用 which 作引导词：先行词为 all, everything, anything, nothing, little 等不定代词时；e.g.All that she lacked was training. 她所缺少的只是训练；留意： everything 等为先行词时,引导词可以省略；先行词被形容词最高级修饰时；e.g.This is the best film that I have ever seen. 先行词被序数词和 the last 修饰时；先行词中既有人又有物时；e.g.They talked about

18、 the teachers and the schools that they had visited. 主句是含有 who 或 which 的特别疑问句,为了防止重复时；这是我看过的电影中最好的一部；他们谈论他们参观过的那些学校和老师们；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （7）关系代词as 用于引导限制住定语从句时,多数和精品资料欢迎下载such as 和 the same as连用；e.g.I have never heard such a story as he told. 留意： as 和 which 的区分

19、：我从未听过他讲的这种故事；关系代词 as 用于引导非限制性定语从句时,应留意以下几点： as 引导的非限制性定语从句位于句末时,一般可以和 which 互换；e.g.The author was brought up in a small village, aswhich is recounted in some of his stories. 作者是在一个小村庄里长大的,这个问题在他的一些小说里已被提到过；但是,当主句是否定句时,as 和 which 就不能互换,由于as 引导的非限制性定语从句不包含否定意义； as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句子的最前面,而 e.g.As you w

20、ill find out, all is now settled. 你将会看到这样一种情形,一切都已搞定了；典例剖析 例题 1 Barbara, where do you work. I work for a company _ sells cars. which 引导的定语从句不能放在句首；AwhichB where CwhatDwho 解题技巧：第一译这段小对话“ 芭芭拉,你在哪儿工作？我在一家汽车销售公司工作；” 从句缺少主语,这个定语从句,先行词 company 是表示事 物的名词, where 是副词,不能作主语,what 不引导定语从句,who 引导的定语从句,其先行词是指人的名词

21、；答案： A 例题 2 Do you like the music _ makes you excited. AitB what C thatDwho 解题技巧：这题是考查定语从句；先看先行词music,是事物 it,what 不能引导定语从句,而who 的先行词应当是人称或代人的名词；答案： C 例题 3 The songs _ SHE sing are very popular.北京市中考题 Awhich此题先行词是Bwho which；C whom答案： ADwhose 解题技巧：songs 是事物,所以挑选中学定语从句练习题1. Don t talk about such things

22、 of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day. A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday. A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago. A.

23、 that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 7. This book will show you _ can be used in other

24、 contexts. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 9. Ill tell you _ he told me la st week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10. Th

25、at tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载 12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very

26、angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what 13. We re talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in th e concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 14. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 15. Those _ no

27、t only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 16. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that against B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 17. Didnt you se e the man _. A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded

28、 to him just now D. I nodded to just now 18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day. A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 19. Is there anything _ to you. A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs 20. - “ How do you like t

29、he book.” - “ It s quite different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 22. The train _ she was travelling was late. A. which B. where C.

30、 on which D. in that 23. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. A. where B. in which C. under which D. which 24. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which 25. Its the third time _ late this month. C. that youve arrivedD. when you ve arrived A. that you arrived B. when you arrived 26. It was in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. A. that B. which C. when D. in which 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页