2022年物理专业英语复习题库 .pdf

《2022年物理专业英语复习题库 .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年物理专业英语复习题库 .pdf（9页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、专业应试题库一，专业词汇翻译A spherical system of coordinates 球坐标系Absolute scale绝对温标Absolute temperature 绝对温度Absolute zero 绝对零度Acute angle锐角Adiabatic process绝热过程Adjacent 邻近的Amount of heat 热量Amplitude 振幅Analytical expression解析式Angular momentum 角动量Angular velocity 角速度Annihilate 湮灭Appreciable 相当多的Approximate solutio

2、n 近似解Arbitrarily 任意的变换莫测的Assume that 假设At constant pressure定压At rest 静止的，Axial symmetry 轴对称Axis of rotation 转轴Be independent of 独立的，Be proportional to 与成正比Bend使弯曲的Capacitor电容器Center of mass质心Centripetal force向心力Cgs厘米 -克-秒制（ Centimeter-Gram-Second）Change in jumps 突变Chaotic 无序的Charge by conduct 接触起电Ch

3、arge by induction 感应起电Circulation motion 圆周运动Classical mechanics经典力学Coefficient 系数Coherent相干性Combustion engine内燃机Comparison 参照物Compensate 补偿，抵消Conductor导体Consecutive 连贯的名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - Consequently结果，因此Conser

4、vation守恒Considerable 相当大的Constant常量Constructive interference 干涉相长Coordinate system坐标系Coulomb s law库仑定律Counter-phase反相Cross-sectional 横截面Curl 旋度Curvilinear motion 曲线运动Cyclic process循环过程Decrement衰减率Denominator 分母Density 密度Derivative 导数Destructive interference干涉相消Developing 显影Deviation from 脱离 逸出Diatom

5、ic 双原子的Difference 差异Diffraction 衍射Dimension 维Discrete value离散值Displacement位移Distance 距离Distribution function 分布函数Divergence 散度Dynamics 动力学Elastic collision 弹性碰撞Electric dipole 电偶极子Electric field 电场Electric potential 电势Electric potential energy电势能Electrically polarized 电极化Electrodynamics电动力学Electroma

6、gnetic电磁学Electron 电子Electrostatic静电Elementary mass元质量，质量元Embodiment体现具体化Emulsion 感光剂Energy能量Energy level 能级名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - Entropy 熵Equilibrium 平衡Equipartition principle 均分定理Ether以太Exposure曝光External force外力F

7、actor因素First law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律Focal plane焦平面Fraunhofer diffraction 夫琅和费衍射Free fall 自由落体Friction 摩擦力Gamma photon伽马射线General theory relativity 广义相对论Geometrical几何的Gradient梯度Gravity 重力，地心引力Grow proportionally to 正比增长Harmonic function 调和函数Harmonic oscillator 谐振子Heat 热Heat capacity 热容Heat engi

8、ne热机Heat transfer热传递Hence因此Histogram 直方图Hologram 全息图Holography 全系照相Homogeneous （反应堆）燃烧和减速剂均匀调和的Huygens Principle 惠更斯原理Hypothetical medium 假设介质Ideal gass理想气体Identical 同一的，完全相同的Illuminate 说明Impart 给予Impulse 冲量Inalienable不可分割的Incident light 入射光Inclination 倾角Incoherene非相干的Increase增加Increment增量Inertia 惯性

9、Inertial reference frame惯性参考系名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - Infrared radiation 红外辐射Initial moment 初始时刻Instantaneous瞬间的Insulator 绝缘体Integral 积分Interference 干涉Internal energy 内能Internal force 内力Intra-molecular energy 分子内能Isot

10、ropic 各向同性的Kinematics 运动学Law of cosine square余弦定理Length contraction长度收缩Macroscopic宏观的Mass质量Mass-energy conversion质能转换Mean distance 平均距离Mechanical equivalent of heat热功当量Mechanics力学Medium 介质Microscopic 微观的Molar heat gas capacity 气体摩尔热容Mole 摩尔Molecular physics分子物理学Momentum 动量Monatomic 单原子Monochromatic

11、light 单色光Motion 运动Multiply 乘以Neutron 中子Newton s first law 牛顿第一定律Non-equilibrium state 非平衡态Normal acceleration法向加速度Normal to 垂直于Nuclei 原子核Nucleon 核子Numerator 分子Object beam 物体光束Obtuse angle钝角Operator算符Overlap 重叠Polarization 两极分化极化Parallel axis theorem平行轴定理Parallel beams平行光束名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - -

12、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - Parallel rays平行光Parallelogram method平行四边形法则Parameter of state 状态参数Perfectly rigid body 刚体Perpendicular垂直的Phase difference相位差Phenomena现象Piston活塞Point charge点电荷Point particle 质点Power功率Preference优先权Principle of relativity 相

13、对性原理Probability 可能性Probability distribution function 概率分布函数Projection 投影Propagate传播Proton质子Pseudoscopic幻视镜的Quantitative conclusion定量结论Quasi-static 准静态的Radian弧度Radius半径Rarefaction稀薄的Real image实像Rectilinear motion 直线运动Redistribution 重新分配Reference frame参考系Reference wave参考波Relative atomic mass of an ele

14、ment 相对原子质量Relative molecular mass of substance 相对分子质量Relaxation process弛豫过程Relaxation time 弛豫时间Reversible (process) 可逆过程Rotational inertia 转动惯量Scalar标量Scalar field 标量场Semiconductor半导体Semitransparent 半透明的Solid angle立体角Spatial coherence 空间相干性Special theory of relativity 狭义相对论Specific heat capacity 比热

15、容Speed 速度速率名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - Stationary 固定的Subscript下标Superpose 重叠的Superposition叠加Symmetry 对称的Temperature温度Temporal coherence 时间相干性Terminal velocity 末速度Test charge检验电荷The difference on optical path 光程差The equat

16、ion of state of an ideal gass 理想气体物态方程The magnitude of a vector向量的大小The number of degree of freedom 自由度数量The reciprocal of 倒数The refractive index折射率The right-hand screw rule右手螺旋定则The second derivative of 二阶导数The square of distance 距离的平方The tangential acceleration切向加速度Thermodynamic temperature scale

17、热力学温标Three dimensional三维的Time averaged value时间均值Time dilation 时间膨胀Timepiece计时器Torque力矩Torsion balance扭秤Translation motion 平动Triatomic 三原子的Tuning fork 音叉Twin paradox孪生佯谬Ultraviolet light 紫外线Undeformable body不可形变体，刚体Uniform circular motion 匀速圆周运动Unit time 单位时间Vector field 矢量场Vectors矢量Velocity 速度,矢量Vir

18、tual image 虚像Wave length 波长Wave number波数Weight 重量二、段落翻译翻译 (54) 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 1、 For a stationary field, the work done on a particle by the forces of the field may depend on the initial and final position of

19、 the particle and not depend on the path along which the particle moved. Forces having such a property are called conservative. 对于固定的场,力作用在质点上的公取决于初始位置和末位置,而与路径无关 ,具有这个性质的力叫保守力. 2、A combination of bodies that are stationary relative to one another with respect to which motion is being considered an

20、a timepiece indicating the time forms a reference frame. 由运动上相对静止的物体所组成的复合体，外加显示（记录）时间的仪器，一起构成了参考系统。3、 The concepts of an equilibrium, state and a reversible process play a great part in thermodynamics. All the quantitative conclusions of thermodynamics are strictly applicable(适用 ) only to equilibri

21、um states and reversible processes. 可逆过程和平衡态是热力学里重要的部分,所有的热力学定量结论都严格适合于平衡态和可逆过程 . 4、 If a gas is in equilibrium, its molecules move absolutely without order, chaotically. All the directions of motion are equally probable, and none of them can be given preference over others. 如果气体处于平衡态,那么气体分子运动就没有规律,

22、无序的 ,分子朝各个方向上的运动的概率相等 ,没有比其他的更具有优势. 5、 Huygens principle: The theory by which light waves spreading out from a point source can be regarded as the superposition of tiny secondary wavelets. 惠更斯原理 ,点光源发出的光可以看成是次级微小光波的叠加. 6、 If we imagine a separate isolated body in a space where no other bodies are pr

23、esent, then we can not speak of the motion of the body because there is nothing with respect to which the body could change its position. 如果我们假设一个物体所处的空间中没有其他物体,我们不能说明这个物体的运动形式因为我们没有可以观测这个物体位置改变的参考物. 7、 Translational motion is defined as motion in which any straight line associated with the moving b

24、ody remains parallel to itself . 平动可以定义为平动的物体上两点的连线在运动过程中保持平行. 8、 Dynamics studies the motion of bodies with a view to what causes this motion to have the nature it does, i.e. with a view to the interactions between bodies. 动力学研究的是物体运动的原因,即物体之间的相互作用. 10, Vectors are defined as quantities characteriz

25、ed by a numerical value and a direction and, also, 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - as ones that are added according to the triangle or parallelogram method. 矢量具有大小和方向,而且还可以用矢量三角形和平行四边形法则合成. 11, We shall define internal force

26、s as the forces with which given body is acted upon by the other bodies of the system and external forces as those produced by the action of bodies not belong to the system. 我们可以定义内力是由系统中其他物体产生的,外力是不属于系统的物体产生并导致物体运动的原因12, Conservative forces can be defined in two ways:(1)as forces whose work does no

27、t depend on the path along which a particle passes from one point to the another, and(2) as forces whose work along any closed path equals zero. 保守力具有两种性质:保守力所做的功只与位置有关,与路径无关 ,闭合路径的功为零14, We can thus use the function pEto determine the work done on a particle by conservative forces along any path be

28、ginning at arbitrary point 1 and terminating at arbitrary point 2 . 我们可以用来ep 表示保守力对质点从任意点1 道任意点2所做的功15, Assuming that the reference frame relative to which we are considering the complex motion of a rigid body is stationary, the motion of the body can be represented as rotation with the angular velo

29、city in a reference frame moving translationally with the velocity 0vrelative to the stationary frame. 假设参考系相对我们要研究的刚体是静止的,那么物体的运动可以看成是以w 为角速度的转动和以速度为v 的平动 . 16, All the quantitative conclusions of the thermodynamics are strictly applicable only to equilibrium states and reversible processes. 热力学中所有

30、的定量结论都严格遵守平衡态和可逆过程. 17, The absolute temperature is proportional to the mean kinetic energy of translational motion of the molecules of a substance. 绝对温度与物质的平均平动动能成正比. 18, The heat capacity of a body is defined as the quantity equal to the amount of heat that must be imparted to the body to raise it

31、s temperature by one Kelvin. 物体的热容为物体升高每开尔文所需要的热量. 19, Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy per molecule in a substance, measure in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit or in Kelvin. 温度 ,分子平均动能的量度,单位为摄氏度 ,华氏度和开尔文. 20, Absolute zero: the lowest possible temperature that a substance may have-

32、 the temperature at which molecules of a substance have their minimum kinetic energy. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 绝对零度 :物体温度最低的可能值.此时 ,分子具有最小动能21, Multiplication theorem of probabilities: the probability of the simultane

33、ous occurrence of statistically independent events equals the product of the probabilities of each of them occurring separately. 概率相乘定理 :独立事件同时发生的概率等于每个事件单独发生概率的乘积. 22, Entropy: a measure of the disorder of a system. Whenever energy freely transforms from one form to the another, the direction of tr

34、ansformation is toward a state of greater disorder and therefore toward one of greater entropy. 熵:系统的无序程度,能量总是向着熵增加的方向进行转化. 23, By coherence is meant the coordinated proceeding of several oscillatory or wave processes. 相干性是振荡和波动过程的协调性24, The superposition of waves producing regions of reinforcement

35、and regions of cancellation. Constructive interference refers to regions of reinforcement; destructive interference refers to regions of cancellation. 光的叠加形成了加强区和减弱区,干涉相长形成加强区,干涉相消形成减弱区25, There is no appreciable physical difference between interference and diffraction. Both phenomena consist in the

36、 redistribution of the light flux as a result of superposition of the waves.干涉和衍射没有明显的区别,两者都包含光通量的重新分配和两者都是光的叠加引起的26, Like charges repel each other, unlike charges attract each other. 同种电荷相互排斥，异种电荷相互吸引27,The arrangement of the charges setting up the field being studied may change under the action of the test charge. 电荷形成的场会随检验电荷的移动而改变名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -