2019-2020同步译林英语必修一新突破讲义：Unit 2 Section Ⅱ　Language points（Ⅰ）（Welcome to the unit & Reading） .doc

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1、Section Language points()(Welcometo the unit & Reading).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。1It upset(使不高兴)him that he didnt know what the fact was.2When the boat sank(下沉)they had to swim for it.3There is no man that has no faults(过错)4When I saw one scene(场景)like this，I remembered another.5We are supposed to defe

2、nd(防卫) ourselves whenever there is danger.6The boy bent down to pick up the book on the floor.7I think they played well and deserved the victory.8They are extremely gentle and friendly and very tolerant of children.9After three days without food，the men were close to starvation10Im afraid we cant co

3、me，but thank you for the invitation anyhow.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。1frighten vt.使受惊；使害怕frightened adj.受惊的；害怕的frightening adj.令人害怕的，使人惊恐的2behave v表现，行为规矩behavio(u)r n行为，举止3emergent adj.紧急的emergency n突发事件；紧急情况4explain v解释explanation n解释，说明5rude adj.粗鲁的，无礼的rudeness n粗鲁，无礼adj.nessn.A(原形)B(过去式)C(过去分词)sadsad

4、ness悲伤weakweakness n弱点carelesscarelessness n粗心，大意beginbeganbegunsinksanksunkdrinkdrankdrunk.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语。1turn up开大(音量)2a waste of的浪费3cant wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事4be supposed to应该，应当5in a mess一片混乱6not.any more不再7be hard on对苛刻，对严厉8now that既然；由于9in the form of以的形式10instead of代替；而不是.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空

5、。1The smart boy is too young.Dont be hard on him.2Now that you are grown up，you should not rely on your parents.3You are supposed to listen carefully in class to catch what the teacher says.4Wow，free movies！I cant wait to download some and watch them.5What is needed most during the class break is pe

6、ace instead of noise produced by music.turnadv.动词短语in an.介词短语turn around转过身turn down关小，调低；拒绝turn off关掉in a way在某种程度上in a while过一会儿in a word总而言之背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.The room is in a mess，with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink.房间一片狼藉，地板上是比萨饼盒子，水槽中是脏兮兮的盘子。with pizza boxes.为with复合结构，在句中作

7、状语，其构成为“with宾语介词短语”。The girl came in，with some roses behind her back.那女孩进来了，身后拿着一些玫瑰花。2.Listen to me，young manwe left you in charge！听我说，年轻人我们将这个家交给了你负责！leave sb./sth.介词短语，是“leave sb./sth.宾语补足语”结构，意为“使某人或某物处于什么状态”。Dont leave the dog in the bedroom.不要让狗待在卧室里。3.Daniel has his arms crossed and looks ups

8、et.丹尼尔双臂抱在胸前，看起来很不高兴。have sth.done是“have宾语宾补”的一种复合结构，意思是“使/让被”。Its time for you to have your hair cut. 你该剪头发了。4.And that we spent all of yesterday waiting there for him，and that is why we had no time to clean the house.还有，我们昨天在诊所待了一整天，正因为如此，我们才没有时间打扫房子that is why.句型中why引导表语从句，意为“那就是为什么”。That was why

9、 they refused to sign the agreement. 那就是他们为什么拒绝签订协议。5.We didnt think that you would let the house get so dirty.我们原以为你不会把房子搞得这么脏兮兮的。本句用了否定转移，将后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式。I dont think it is a good idea to play football in the street. 我认为在大街上踢足球不是个好主意。 frightened adj.受惊的；害怕的(教材P22)Mom！Dad！Youre back

10、early！(looking around room，sounding frightened)妈妈！爸爸！你们这么早就回来了呀！(四下打量房间，语气惊慌地)(1)be frightened of (doing) sth.害怕(做)某事be frightened to do sth.吓得不敢做某事be frightened that.害怕be frightened to death吓得要死(2)frighten vt.使害怕，使恐惧frightening adj.令人害怕的fright n.害怕I was frightened of being left by myself in the hou

11、se.我害怕一个人被留在屋里。Dont shout or youll frighten the baby.别大声嚷，你会吓着孩子的。I was frightened to look(look) down from the top of the tall building.从高楼顶上往下看，我感到害怕。They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.(frighten)他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。名师点津frightened为v.ed类形容词，表示人的感受，常修饰人或说明人的感受等。frightening为v.ing类形容词，用来修饰使人害怕

12、的人或事物。常见v.ed和v.ing类形容词还有：excited激动的，感到兴奋的；exciting令人激动的/兴奋的pleased高兴的，满意的；pleasing使人愉快的worried担心的；worrying令人担心的encouraged受到鼓舞的；encouraging令人鼓舞的satisfied满意的；satisfying令人满意的 be supposed to应该，应当(教材P22)But，but.you werent supposed to come home until tomorrow!可是、可是你们应该明天才到家的呀！(1)be supposed to do sth.表示按照

13、约定、规则或义务“应当、理应”做某事，相当于ought to do sth.或should do sth.。(2)be supposed to have done sth.本应该做某事(而实际上未做，含有责备的语气)。(3)be supposed to be. 被相信是，被认为是This novel is supposed to be one of his best novels.这本小说被认为是他最好的小说之一。You were supposed to finish your homework on time.你理应按时完成作业的。Your homework is supposed to b

14、e handed(hand) in by Friday.你的作业应该在星期五之前上交。Why are you still at home? You are supposed to have gone(go) to school.你怎么还在家？你本应该去学校了。名师点津was/were supposed to do sth.am/is/are supposed to have done sth.表示“本应该做某事，但事实上却没做”。 bend vi.弯腰，屈身 vt.(使)弯曲 n拐弯，弯道(教材P22)bending to touch dog俯身抚摸着狗(1)bend down弯腰bend o

15、ver俯身于bend sb.to.使某人屈服；使某人顺从于bend your mind/efforts to sth.致力于某事；专心致志(2)at a/the bend在拐弯处The driver slowed down at a tight bend.驾驶员在一个急转弯处慢了下来。The mother bent over/down and kissed the face of her baby.这个母亲俯身亲吻了她婴儿的脸。She tried to bend her husband to her wishes.她设法使她的丈夫顺从她的愿望。图形助记 starve vi.挨饿；饿死 vt.使

16、挨饿(教材P22)The money for dog food is gone，but Spot looks like he is starving!用来买狗食的钱不见了，可是小斑点看上去都饿坏了！(1)starve sb.into (doing) sth.迫使某人做某事starve for渴望；急需starve to death饿死(2)starvation n.饥饿，挨饿；饿死die of starvation死于饥饿They starved the enemy into surrendering.他们以饥饿迫使敌人投降。They got lost in the desert and st

17、arved to death.他们在沙漠中迷了路，饥饿而死。Over three hundred people have died of starvation(starve)since the beginning of the year.从年初起，已有 300 多人饿死。Many children starve for love and knowledge.许多儿童渴望得到爱和知识。 tolerate vt.容忍；允许(教材P22)We wont tolerate such behavior in our house!在我们家里可不能容忍这种行为！(1)tolerate doing sth.忍

18、受做某事(2)tolerant adj.忍受的，忍让的be tolerant of/towards.对容忍/宽容(3)tolerance n.容忍，忍受，宽容The school cannot tolerate cheating in exams.学校不允许在考试中作弊。Her father，a kindhearted man，is tolerant of/towards her stubbornness.她的父亲，一个善良的人，能容忍她倔强的脾气。We should treat others with the heart of tolerance(tolerate)我们要以宽容之心对待别人。

19、名师点津(1)tolerate常用于否定句，后接动词的ing作宾语，不接不定式。(2)表示“容忍；忍受”的单词或短语还有：stand，bear，put up with等。 scene n(戏剧的)一场；场面；景色(教材P23)Act Two，Scene One第二幕，第一场be on the scene在现场，当场come on the scene出现，到场behind the scenes在幕后，不公开地Its an exciting opportunity to learn what goes on behind the scenes.可以有机会了解幕后的工作，令人非常兴奋。The pol

20、ice were soon on the scene after the accident.那次事故发生后不久警察就赶到了现场。明辨异同scene/scenery/view/sightscene多用来指电影、电视中的一个场面；事故的现场；也可指展现在眼前的景色，常指有人的活动的场面，是scenery的一部分，为可数名词scenery指总的、全部的风景，表示的是室外的自然景色，为不可数名词view一般指在某一个位置看到的风景，为可数名词；还可表示“观点，看法”sight侧重指旅游观光的风光，也指城市中的人文或历史景观，常用复数scene，scenery，view，sightHangzhou is

21、 famous for its beautiful sceneryThere are lots of tourist attractions，among which the West Lake is one.If you stand on the top of Leifeng Pagoda，youll get a good view of the lake.You can see the boats on the lake making a beautiful sceneWelcome to Hangzhou and see the sights of it. upset adj.不高兴的，失

22、望的vt.使不高兴，使失望；使心烦意乱；打翻(教材P23)Daniel has his arms crossed and looks upset.丹尼尔双臂抱在胸前，看起来很不高兴。(1)be upset with sb.生某人的气，对某人感到不快be upset about/over sth.对某事感到失望/烦恼(2)upset sb.使某人烦恼，使某人心烦意乱upset sth.搅乱，打乱，打翻It upsets sb.to do.做使某人心烦意乱/做使某人生气It upsets sb.that.使某人生气/使某人心烦意乱It upsets him that nobody has both

23、ered to tell him about it.让他不高兴的是，谁也没把这件事告诉他。You are not still upset with me，are you?你不再生我的气了，对吧？She was upset about/over the news that she failed in the driving test again.驾驶测试又没过关的消息使她很失望。语境助记The bad news upset me .As a result，I upset a glass of milk ，which upset my plan for going to the park.Thus

24、 my son was upset about it.那则坏消息让我心烦意乱。结果，我打翻了一杯牛奶，这打乱了我去公园的计划。为此，我儿子不高兴了。图形助记 defend vt.辩解，辩白；防御，保护(教材P23)They never even gave me a chance to defend myself.他们压根儿就不给我一个辩解的机会。(1)defend oneself为自己辩护；自卫defend.from/against保卫免受之苦(2)defence n.保卫，保护；辩护in defence of为了保卫，为辩护I defended myself with a stick whe

25、n the dog came at me.那条狗向我扑来时我用棍子自卫。We will do all we can to defend our motherland from/against any possible enemy.我们要尽全力保卫我们的祖国，防御任何可能的敌人。I have to say in defence(defend)of her that she knew nothing about it.我得为她说句话，她对此事一无所知。 deserve vt.值得；应得；应受(教材P23)They dont deserve an explanation.他们不配得到解释。deser

26、ve to do sth.值得做某事；应该做某事deserve doing/to be done值得被The team deserves to win the match.这个队该赢得比赛。He deserves a punishment.He deserves to be punished.He deserves punishing.他罪有应得。The young man deserved praising/to be praised(praise)这个年轻人值得表扬。名师点津deserve后接动名词时，其主动形式表示被动意义。有类似用法的词语还有want，need，require，be w

27、orth等。 now that既然；由于(教材P23)Maybe，but now that he has been so rude to us，I feel like we have to punish him or he wont respect us.也许吧，可是既然他对我们那么粗鲁无礼，那我觉得我们有必要教训教训他，要不然他不会尊重我们的。其他表示原因的连词或介词短语：(1)because因为(表示直接而明确的原因，语气较重，常用于回答why的疑问)since因为；既然(可与now that互换)as因为(语气较弱)for因为(并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一步补充说明)(

28、2)due to起因于，归功于as a result ofbecause of因为thanks to由于，多亏on account of由于，因为owing to由于，因为As it was late，we came back soon.因为天晚了，我们很快就回来。It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.因为地面很湿，所以昨晚一定下过雨。She died as a result of her injuries.她由于受伤而死亡。It was all a great successthanks to a lot of hard w

29、ork.由于尽心竭力，这才大获成功。名师点津now that“既然，由于”，是连词词组，引导原因状语从句，表示明显的原因或既成的事实。口语中that常可省略，主句前不能再加连词so。 (教材P22)The room is in a mess，with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink房间一片狼藉，地板上是比萨饼盒子，水槽中是脏兮兮的盘子。【要点提炼】with pizza boxes.为with复合结构，在句中作状语，其构成为“with宾语介词短语”。with复合结构在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等

30、状语，有时也可以作定语。其结构为：)He likes to sleep with the door open.他喜欢开着门睡觉。With Tom helping(help)us，we finished the task soon.有汤姆帮助我们，我们很快就完成了那项任务。With all the things she needed bought(buy)，she went home happily.买了所需要的所有东西后，她高兴地回家了。With a lot of work to do(do)，he wasnt allowed to go out.因为还有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。 (教

31、材P22)Listen to me，young manwe left you in charge!听我说，年轻人我们将这个家交给了你负责！【要点提炼】leave sb./sth.介词短语是“leave sb./sth.宾语补足语”结构，意为“使某人或某物处于什么状态”。此结构中，宾语补足语可以是形容词(短语)、副词(短语)、分词、不定式、名词(短语)和介词(短语)等。Leave the door open and you can breathe the fresh air.开着门你就可以呼吸新鲜的空气。His parents died two years ago，leaving him an

32、orphan.他的父母两年前去世了，他成了一个孤儿。Dont leave me to explain(explain)it to him.不要让我来解释给他听。She left me waiting(wait)for two hours at the station.她让我在车站一直等了两个小时。 (教材P23)Daniel has his arms crossed and looks upset.丹尼尔双臂抱在胸前，看起来很不高兴。【要点提炼】句中的has his arms crossed是“have宾语过去分词”构成的复合结构。其中have用作使役动词，意思是“使，让”，后面接复合宾语。h

33、ave sth.done中过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语与过去分词表示的动作构成被动关系。(1)have sth.done有三种含义：“让别人做某事”，强调主语的主观意志，相当于get sth.done。“遭遇某事”，强调宾语客观上遭受不幸的事。“使完成某事”，此事可以是别人完成的，也可以是自己参与完成的。(2)have sb.do sth.get sb.to do sth.让某人做某事(3)have sb./sth.doing 使某人/某物持续地做某事Ill have Tom show you to your room.我让汤姆带你去你的房间。I dont like to wash clothe

34、s，so I always have my clothes washed.我不喜欢洗衣服，所以我总是让别人给我洗。I had my watch stolen(steal)last night.昨晚我的手表被偷了。The boss had the workers working(work)day and night.老板让工人们夜以继日地干活。语境助记Yesterday，Jack had his hair cut.However，when he returned home，he found he had had his document stolen.He was so worried beca

35、use his boss would have him work on weekends if he lost it.昨天，杰克(请人给他)理发了。但是，当他回到家时，他发现他的文件被偷了。他非常着急，因为如果他丢失了这份文件，他的老板会让他周末工作的。名师点津(1)have sb.doing 用于否定句时，have 表示“容忍”之意，could not have sb.doing sth.意为“不允许某人做某事”。(2)have还可用于have sth.to do 结构，该结构中have 作“有”讲，不定式作定语。1Eric runs in after it，followed by a bi

36、g dog，walking very slowly.【分析】该句为简单句。其中followed by a big dog是过去分词作状语，表示伴随情况；walking very slowly为现在分词短语作定语，修饰a big dog。【翻译】埃里克随后跑进起居室，身后跟着一条大狗，走路慢吞吞的。2Daniel，we thought you were an adult，a person who would make good decisions.【分析】该句是复合句。thought后面省略的是连词that引导的宾语从句；a person是an adult的同位语；who would make

37、good decisions是定语从句。【翻译】丹尼尔，我们还以为你是成年人了，是一个会做出正确决定的人3And that we spent all of yesterday waiting there for him，and that is why we had no time to clean the house.【分析】句中第一个that是承接上文Eric的话中“if they knew”的，引导的是宾语从句，从句中使用了spend.doing结构；第二个that指代前面所述的情况，why引导的是表语从句，其中不定式to clean the house作time的定语。【翻译】还有，我们

38、昨天在诊所待了一整天，正因为如此，我们才没有时间打扫房子.单句语法填空1I am frightened(fright)that he may have got lost in the mountain.2We found the house easily with the boy leading (lead)the way.3She bent down immediately to cut the grass.4We said much in defence(defend)of his action.5Now that you have expressed your fierce determ

39、ination to get it right，you should act immediately.6I cant tolerate your being(be)so rude to the old.7The students arent supposed to take (take) the books out of the library without permission.8She did a good job，and so she deserved to be praised/praising (praise)9Claire had her luggage checked(chec

40、k) an hour before her plane left.10To punish the child，his mother left him standing(stand)in the sun.完成句子1别让她在外边雨里等着。Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain.(leave)2请找几个学生打扫一下餐厅。Please have some students clean the dining hall.(have)3帮个忙，别袖手旁观。Give me a hand.Dont just stand by with your hands crossed(cross)4无论如何，他不值得被告知真相。Anyway，he doesnt deserve to be told/deserve telling the truth. (deserve)5你应当昨天就完成你的作业了。You are supposed to have finished/were supposed to finish your homework yesterday.(suppose)