2019-2020同步译林英语选修七新突破讲义：Unit 1 Section Ⅲ　Grammar——及物动词与不及物动词 .doc

《2019-2020同步译林英语选修七新突破讲义：Unit 1 Section Ⅲ　Grammar——及物动词与不及物动词 .doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2019-2020同步译林英语选修七新突破讲义：Unit 1 Section Ⅲ　Grammar——及物动词与不及物动词 .doc（7页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Section Grammar及物动词与不及物动词语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句Regular public broadcasting followed shortly afterwards.Many different people contributed to the development of TV.I regret to tell you that your application has been turned down.On my birthday she gave me a mobile phone as a gift.The first public TV broadcas

2、ts were made in the USA.后自主感悟1.以上各句中的黑体部分，属于及物动词的有例句，属于不及物动词的有例句。2.由例句可以看出，某些及物动词可以跟复合宾语，即宾语宾语补足语。3.由例句可以看出，及物动词能用于被动语态。4.由例句可以看出，不及物动词不能直接接宾语；必要时，需加介词。英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，把动词分成及物动词(transitive verb)与不及物动词(intransitive verb)。及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整，不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语，若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词。一、及物动词及物动词后的宾语通常为名词、代词、动名词、不定式

3、或从句。可以用于下列结构中：1主语谓语宾语He reached Paris the day before yesterday.(名词)他前天到达巴黎。I found something interesting in the newspaper.(代词)我在报纸上发现了一些有趣的事情。They are practising singing the new song.(动名词)他们正在练习唱那首新歌。How did you manage to finish it so soon? (不定式)你怎么这么快就完成了？I believe that the committee will consider

4、our suggestion.(宾语从句)我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。名师点津(1)下列及物动词只能用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式：admit(承认)，appreciate(感激)，avoid，consider(考虑)，delay，deny，enjoy，escape，fancy(想象)，finish，forgive，imagine，keep(继续)，mind，miss(想念)，postpone(推迟)，practise，prevent，recall(回忆)，resist，risk，stand(忍受)，suggest(建议)等。(2)下列及物动词只能用不定式作宾语，而不用动名词：afford，

5、arrange，ask，choose，determine，expect，hesitate，hope，long(渴望)，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，threat，wish等。(3)下列及物动词既可以用不定式又可以用动名词作宾语，但意义不同：forget to do sth.忘记要做某事，forget doing sth.忘记做过某事；remember to do sth.记得要做某事，remember doing sth.记得曾经做过某事；regret to do sth.遗憾去做某事，regret doing sth.后悔做

6、过某事；stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事，stop doing sth.停止做某事；try to do sth.努力做某事，try doing sth.尝试着做某事；mean to do sth.打算做某事，mean doing sth.意味着做某事。即时训练1用所给词的适当形式填空Dont forget to send (send) my regards to your parents!Dont hesitate any more.Why not try walking (walk) this way?I still remember being taken (take) t

7、o Beijing for the first time.2主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语是动词的直接作用对象，通常指事物，间接宾语是事物接受者，通常是人。直接宾语和间接宾语合起来称为“双宾语”。Please hand me the book over there.(me是hand的间接宾语，the book是直接宾语)请把那儿的那本书递给我。当间接宾语位于直接宾语后面时，常在前面加介词to，有时用for。由to引出间接宾语的动词有give，show，pass，lend，take，tell，send，write等；由for引出间接宾语的动词有buy，make，cook，get，sing，re

8、ad等。I sent an email to my American teacher.我给我的美国老师发了一封电子邮件。He bought a present for my daughter.他给我的女儿买了一份礼物。即时训练2句型转换 I wrote him a letter yesterday.I wrote a letter to him yesterday.My classmate drew me a horse yesterday.My classmate drew a horse for me yesterday.He cooked lunch for me.He cooked m

9、e lunch3主语谓语宾语宾语补足语有些及物动词接了宾语之后还需要接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况，否则句子意思就不完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语通常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词或过去分词担任。This concert made her a popular singer overnight.(名词作宾语补足语)这场音乐会使她一夜之间成为深受人们喜爱的歌手。Satellites make TV accessible to people who live far away from cities.(形容词作宾语补足语)卫星使得远离城市的人们也能接收电

10、视节目。Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.(现在分词作宾语补足语)不好意思让你等这么久。即时训练3完成句子They asked us to go fishing with them.他们要我们和他们一起去钓鱼。Dont always keep the children indoors不要老是让孩子们待在室内。4及物动词的语态大多数及物动词都可以用于被动语态，但有些及物动词，如have，lack，suit，fit等不能用于被动语态。The railway had been built by the end of last year.这条铁

11、路在去年年底前已经建成了。The blue skirt suits you very well.这条蓝裙子很适合你。名师点津后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词在变为被动语态时，要加上to。We often hear the girl sing the song.The girl is often heard to sing the song.我们经常听见这个女孩唱这首歌。即时训练4将下列句子改为被动语态Someone saw a bird fly into the window.A bird was seen to fly into the window.The government

12、takes good care of the poor.The poor are taken good care of by the government.二、不及物动词不及物动词本身意义已经比较完整，后面不再跟宾语，也不能用于被动语态，但常常带状语。有些不及物动词可与介词、副词搭配组成及物动词短语，后面可接宾语，也可用于被动语态。而有些不及物动词与副词搭配组成的是不及物动词短语。She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.她在昨晚的会议上发了言。The waters rose higher and higher，as a result，more th

13、an 1，000 people had to leave their homes.水位升得越来越高，结果1 000多人不得不离开他们的家园。The children are listening to the music.孩子们正在听音乐。I wished that everything would work out as planned.我希望一切事情会像计划的那样顺利进行。即时训练5单句语法填空The short boy is always laughed at by other students.This is the room where I once lived (live)三、兼作及

14、物动词和不及物动词英语里有些动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况：1兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。Shall I begin at once? (begin作不及物动词)我可以立刻开始吗？She began working as a librarian after she left school.(began作及物动词)她毕业后就当图书馆管理员了。2兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不尽相同。Finally，her parents approved of her marriage.最后，她父母同意了她的婚姻。Congress approved the bill.

15、国会批准了这法案。名师点津有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法，与汉语的用法不一样，请注意下列两种情况：(1)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词，而在汉语里则可用作及物动词，如arrive“到达”；agree“同意”；listen“听”。英语里这些动词后面常接介词，再接宾语。We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们中午到达火车站。(第一个at不能省去)(比较：We reached the railway station at noon.)Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗？(to不可省去)(2)有的动词在英语里能用

16、作及物动词，而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词，如serve“为服务”。Our children are taught to serve the people heart and soul.我们的孩子被教育要全心全意为人民服务。即时训练6单句改错He is listening the teacher carefully.listening后加to Who will benefit the policy？benefit后加from.单句语法填空1Tom has been absent for two days.Do you know what has happened (happen) to him?

17、2Bill suggested holding (hold) a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.3I cant stand working (work) with Jane in the same office.She just refuses to stop (stop) talking while she works.4She likes swimming but she doesnt like to swim this afternoon.Shed like to swim some oth

18、er day.(swim)5I dont believe what you said，but if you can prove it，you may be able to convince (convince) me.6Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost (lose) for words.7I remembered to lock (lock) the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.8Listen! Do you hear so

19、meone calling (call) for help?9The palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building remains (remain) now.10Would you like a piece of this kind of cloth? It sells (sell) well.完成句子1Would you mind using your phone?用一下你的电话你介意吗？2Can you afford to lend me some money?你

20、能借一些钱给我吗？3He found himself lying in bed when he came to life.当他苏醒时，他发现自己正躺在床上。4Mr Smith gave a watch to me/gave me a watch as my birthday present last year.史密斯先生去年送给我一块手表作为我的生日礼物。5The new machine will save you a lot of labour新式机器将会为你节省许多体力劳动。6His book has been translated into different languages so

21、far.到目前为止，他的书已经被翻译成不同的语言。7Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.前门如果没有人答应，就敲后门试试看。8The last important thing you should remember is that you have to send the article to me before June 28.最后你应记着的重要事情是你必须在6月28号前把文章送给我。9Well spend some fun time together singing，dancing and playing games，which we hope will make them happy我们将一起唱歌、跳舞、做游戏度过愉快的时光，我们希望能让他们高兴。10I have taught some foreigners Mandarin，which makes me have much experience in teaching.我教外国人普通话，这让我有一些教学经验。