2019-2020同步译林英语必修五新突破讲义：Unit 1 Section Ⅱ　Language points（Ⅰ）（Welcome to the unit & Reading） .doc

《2019-2020同步译林英语必修五新突破讲义：Unit 1 Section Ⅱ　Language points（Ⅰ）（Welcome to the unit & Reading） .doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2019-2020同步译林英语必修五新突破讲义：Unit 1 Section Ⅱ　Language points（Ⅰ）（Welcome to the unit & Reading） .doc（16页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Section Language points()(Welcometo the unit & Reading).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。1She pretended(假装)that she was not at home when we rang the bell.2Jack was blamed(责备) for his behaving badly at the party.3She could not stand the horrible(糟糕的)weather there.4As long as you dont betray(背叛)me，Ill do whateve

2、r you ask me to (do)5I feel awkward(尴尬的)as everyone except me is in evening dress.6As a hardworking student，Mary always focuses her attention on her work.7He knew he had behaved badly and he seemed truly sorry.8The magazine often remarks upon performance of some countries leaders.9I sincerely hope y

3、ou can take my letter seriously.10Dont be so sensitive and I was not criticizing you.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。1cheer v(为)欢呼，喝彩cheerful adj.愉快的，高兴的；令人愉快的2admit vt.&vi.承认；允许进入，接纳admission n承认；招供；准许进入，加入权3cruel adj.伤人的；残酷的，残忍的cruelty n残忍，凶残4argue vi.争吵，争论argument n争吵；争论5apology n道歉apologize vi.道歉n.fuladj.A

4、(原形)B(过去式)C(过去分词)careful adj. 仔细的useful adj. 有用的helpful adj. 有帮助的forgiveforgaveforgiv givegavegivenriseroserisen en.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语。1get along with与和睦相处；进展2spy on暗中监视，窥探3belong to属于4keep pace with(与)步调一致，(与)同步5as a result of由于6keep ones word信守诺言7stare at盯着看；凝视8before long不久，很快.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空。1It i

5、s known to us all that the lion belongs to the cat family.2Mary is easy-going and gets along with her classmates.3He was late for the meeting as a result of the heavy rain.4It is impolite to stare at strangers.5She walked so fast that I couldnt keep pace with her.v.at及物动词短语v.n.prep.动词短语arrive at 到达l

6、ook at 看glare at 怒视look forward to 盼望，期望pay attention to 注意take care of 照顾1I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz，saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade.考试之后，我一定是听上去洋洋得意，说考题实在太简单了，我肯定能取得好成绩。记句式结构must have done “一定做了”，表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。仿写促落实Miss Mason bought a be

7、autiful car yesterday and must have spent a lot of money.梅森小姐昨天买了一辆漂亮的车，她一定花了一大笔钱。2I was so angry that I went straight to Hannah and told her we werent going to be friends any more because she couldnt keep her word.我非常生气，径直走到汉娜跟前，告诉她我们不再是朋友了，因为她不能信守承诺。记句式结构so.that.“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。仿写促落实Sometimes a s

8、mile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.有时候，一个微笑是如此强大以至于它给那些遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。3Football is very important to me，but so is our friendship.足球对我来说很重要，但我们的友谊也同等重要。记句式结构“sobe动词主语”是部分倒装，表示前面提到的肯定情况也适用于后者。仿写促落实In a word，success is very important，but so is failure，because

9、it is the mother of success.总之，成功很重要，但是失败也同样重要，因为失败是成功之母。 pretend vi.& vt.假装；扮作，装扮(教材P2)Afterwards，I pretended to be cheerful，but Hannah sensed something was wrong. 后来，我假装很开心，但汉娜还是觉察到哪儿有点不对劲。pretend to beadj./n.假装是pretend (not) to do sth.假装(不)做某事pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做某事pretend to have done st

10、h.假装已做了某事pretend that.假装Dont pretend to know what you really dont know.不要不懂装懂。I had been lying to myself，pretending(pretend) that everything was fine.我一直对自己撒谎，假装一切顺利。He pretended to be reading(read) when his mother came in.当他妈妈进来时他假装正在看书。He pretended not to have heard (hear)about it.他假装没听说过这事。名师点津pr

11、etend后接不定式和从句作宾语，表示“假装不做或没有做某事”时，否定词not要放在动词不定式的前面。 admit vt.& vi.承认；允许进入，接纳(教材P2)We went to wash our hands in the girls washroom before lunch and I admitted how badly I had done.午饭前，我们去女洗手间洗手，我承认我考得是如何的差。写出下列句中admit的含义Only after the teacher told him did he admit his mistakes.承认The ticket admits two

12、 people to the football match. 允许进入The theater admits 1，000 people. 容纳(1)admit(doing/having done) sth.承认(做过)某事admit(to sb.) sth./that (向某人)承认某事/admit sb./sth. to be 承认某人/某物是(2)admit sb. to/into. 准许某人进入be admitted to/into. 被录取；被接纳(3)admission n. 准许进入；入场费，入场券；承认Sandy could do nothing but admit to his

13、teacher that he was wrong.桑迪别无选择只得向老师承认他错了。(2018江苏高考阅读理解A)All special exhibitions，as well as films，lectures，guided tours，concerts，gallery talks，and family/childrens programs are free with admission.所有特别展览、电影、讲座、有导游的游览、音乐会、画廊讲座及家庭/儿童节目均可免费入场。She admitted having read/reading(read) the letter.她承认已读过这封信

14、了。Wei Xiang，a disabled student from Gansu Province，has been admitted to/into Tsinghua University.甘肃残疾考生魏祥已经被清华大学录取了。名师点津admit后接动词作宾语时，只能用动名词。 forgive vt.原谅，宽恕(教材P2)I dont think I can ever truly forgive her.我认为我永远不会真正地原谅她。forgive sb./sth. 宽恕某人/某事forgive sb.for(doing) sth. 原谅某人(做了)某事forgive sb.s doing

15、 sth. 原谅某人做某事forgive and forget 摒弃前嫌She cant forgive herself for not spending more time with her parents.她因为没多抽时间陪陪父母而无法原谅自己。They cant forgive their friends betraying(betray) them.他们不能原谅朋友的背叛。I forgave him for what he said yesterday.我原谅他昨天所说的话了。联想助记常和介词for搭配的动词还有：excuse sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人(做)某

16、事thank sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而感谢某人praise sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而表扬某人punish sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而惩罚某人scold sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而责备某人admire sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而羡慕某人blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而责备某人 focus vi.&vt.集中注意力于；(使)聚焦 n焦点；重点(教材P3)The other team was supe

17、rb and we really had to focus.对方是一支优秀的球队，我们真的得集中注意力。(1)focus on. 集中于focus ones attention/efforts/energy on. 集中注意力/努力/精力于focus ones mind on. 把心思集中于focus ones eyes on. 注视着(2)bring/throw sth.into focus 使某事物成为关注的焦点(2018全国卷阅读理解C)Today，many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather th

18、an focusing on Chinese traditions.今天，许多中国人在学习西方风格和学说，而不是聚焦中国传统。You should focus your attention on your work.你应该把注意力放到工作上。This incident brought the problem of violence in schools into focus.这次事件使校园暴力成为焦点。图形助记聚焦focus焦点对准焦距联想助记表示“集中(注意力、精力等)于”的短语还有：pay attention toput ones heart intofix ones attention

19、onconcentrate ones attention on等 (教材P3)He could not keep pace with the game，and as a result of his careless playing we lost.他跟不上比赛的节奏，由于他的粗心我们输了。(1)keep pace with(与)步调一致，(与)同步(1)at your own pace 按自己的速度/节奏pace of life 生活节奏(2)keep up with 跟上，与齐步前进catch up with 赶上(某人)It is obvious that she wants to equ

20、ip herself with knowledge to keep pace with the times of rapid development.显然，她想用知识武装自己来跟上时代快速发展的步伐。We encourage all students to work at their own pace.我们鼓励所有学生都按自己的节奏学习。Slow downI cant keep up with you!慢点，我跟不上了！(2)as a result of由于的原因(1)as a result 结果；因此without result 徒劳；毫无结果(2)result in 导致；造成result

21、 from 由造成As a result，local hospitals were crowded with people who had problems with their noses and lungs.结果，当地医院里挤满了鼻腔和肺部患病的人。The traffic accident resulted from the heavy fog.The heavy fog resulted in the traffic accident.这场交通事故是由浓雾引起的。联想助记与as a result of表达意义相近的短语：because of因为，由于owing to 由于，应归功于due

22、 to 因为，由于on account of 由于，因为 remark n& vi.评论，谈论(教材P3)I feel really guilty because I made some cruel remarks too，but I dislike seeing our team lose.我感到很内疚，因为我也说了一些残酷无情的话，但我不喜欢看到我们队输球。(1)make a remark/comment on 就发表评论(2)remark/comment on 就发表评论remark that. 评论说；主 张(3)remarkable adj. 卓越的，非凡的，显著的be remark

23、able for. 因而引人注目，因而显著(4)remarkably adv. 引人注目地，非凡地When she is put in a situation where she has to make a remark/comment on others，she usually changes the topic.当她处在不得不评论他人的情形下时，她通常会改变话题。The teacher remarked that we students should focus on our study.老师认为我们学生应该把精力放在学习上。(2018北京高考完形填空)All of this makes

24、the actions of the homeless Tom Smith even more remarkable(remarkable)所有这些使得无家可归的汤姆史密斯的行为更加引人注目。In my view，remarking on somebody else in public is impolite.我认为，当众评论某人是不礼貌的。语境助记The scientist remarked that he had found a remarkable way，but others made no remarks on it.那个科学家说他找到了一种非凡的方法，但其他人对此不予置评。 arg

25、ue vi.争吵，争论 vt.辩论；主张(教材P3)Since we argued，he hasnt spoken to me even though we sit next to each other in class.自从我们发生争吵后，他一直没有跟我说话，尽管我们俩在班上是邻座。(1)argue with sb.about/over sth. 与某人辩论某事argue for/against 赞成/反对argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 劝某人做/不做某事argue that. 主张(2)argument n. 争吵；争论；辩论have an argument

26、 with sb.about/over sth. 某人就发生争吵beyond argument 毋庸置疑，无需争论They argued with each other about/over the best place for a holiday.他们为最佳的度假地点而争论不休。They argued that they needed more time to finish the project.他们争辩说他们需要更多的时间来完成这个项目。They argued him into giving(give) up the plan.他们说服他放弃了这个计划。We had an argumen

27、t with the waiter about/over the bill.我们和服务员就账单发生了争吵。语境助记He argued against smoking，and insisted that it was beyond argument that smoking was harmful to health.At last，he argued us out of smoking.他反对吸烟，并且坚持认为吸烟有害健康是无可争辩的。最后，他说服我们不再吸烟了。 apologize vi.道歉(教材P3)The things he said hurt me too，but he has no

28、t apologized to me.他说的话也伤害了我，但他并没有向我道歉。(1)apologize(to sb.)for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事而(向某人)道歉(2)apology n. 道歉make/offer an apology to sb.(for.) (因)向某人道歉accept/refuse an apology 接受/拒绝道歉John apologized to Mary for having kept her waiting so long.让玛丽等了那么久，约翰为此向她道歉。Please accept my apology for being absent a

29、t your party.我没来参加您的联欢会，请接受我的歉意。Realizing that he was wrong，he apologized to(made/offered an apology to)the teacher.意识到自己错了，他向老师道歉。 quarrel n. & vi.争吵，争执(教材P3)I told my brother about the quarrel，but he said Matthew is just too sensitive and perhaps a little bitter because I am really athletic and go

30、od at football，and that I had better find another friend.我把吵架的事告诉了我哥哥，但他说马修只是太敏感，可能还有一点嫉妒，因为我身强体壮，足球踢得很好。他建议我最好另找一个朋友。(1)quarrel(with sb.) about/over sth. 因为某事(与某人)争吵(2)have a quarrel(with sb.) about/over sth. 因为某事(与某人)争吵He is goodnatured and has never had a quarrel with anyone.他脾气很好，从不和任何人争吵。I am s

31、orry to hear that you quarreled with your parents about playing mobile phone games.听说你和你的父母因玩手机游戏而争吵，我感到难过。 blame vt.责备，指责n(坏事或错事的)责任；责备，指责(教材P5)While it may feel awkward，if she really is your best friend you should apologize for blaming her.尽管可能感觉有些尴尬，但是如果她真是你最好的朋友，你应该因为责备她而向她道歉。(1)blame sb.(for st

32、h.) (因某事)责备某人blame sth.on sb./sth. 把归咎于某人/某事be to blame(for) 应(为某事)承担责任； 该(为某事)受责备(2)put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人take/accept the blame for sth. 为某事承担责任The police blamed the traffic accident on drunken driving.警察把这次交通事故归咎于酒后驾驶。She doesnt blame anyone for her fathers death.她没有因为父亲的死而责备任何

33、人。Which driver was to blame(blame) for the accident?哪位司机该对此次事故负责？明辨异同blame/scoldblame“责备，责怪”，语气较轻；且侧重于“将过失归咎于某人”scold“责骂，训斥”，指大声呵斥、责备，常用于长辈对晚辈、上级对下级的训斥blame，scoldKaren always blames her own failure on others；once her parents scolded her severely for that.名师点津to blame在作定语、表语时，属于主动形式表示被动意义。You shouldn

34、t blame him any more，for he is not to blame.You shouldnt blame him any more，for he is not the one to blame.你不应该再责备他了，因为他不该受责备/他不是该受责备的那个人。 (教材P2)I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz，saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade.考试之后，我一定是听上去洋洋得意，说考题实在太简单了，我肯定能取得好成绩。

35、要点提炼句中must have sounded“听上去一定”，属于“情态动词have done”结构，表示对过去情况的肯定推测。(1)must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“想必，准是，肯定做了(某事)”。cant have done表示对过去情况的否定推测。(2)may/might have done表示对过去情况的不肯定推测，可用于肯定句(意为“可能已经”)和否定句(意为“可能没有”)中；might的语气没有may那么肯定。might have done还可表示“本可以做而没做(某事)”。(3)should/ought to have done用于肯定句中时，表示“本应

36、该做某事(而事实上没有做)”；用于否定句中时，表示“本不该做某事(反而做了)”。(4)neednt have done表示“本不必做某事(而事实上做了)”。注意：didnt need to do表示“没必要做某事(而实际上也没有做)”。(5)could have done表示“过去能做而没有做某事”，意为“本来可以”；could have done还可表示对过去情况的推测，意为“可能”。He cant have left home because the computer is on.因为电脑还开着，所以他不可能离开家。If I had been informed earlier，I coul

37、d have done(do) something.我要是早得到通知，我就能干一些事情了。We have enough to eat.You neednt have bought(buy) so much bread.我们的食物足够吃。你本来没有必要买这么多面包。Why are you late？You should/ought to have come(come) five minutes earlier.你为什么迟到了？你本应该早来五分钟。 (教材P2)I was so angry that I went straight to Hannah and told her we werent

38、going to be friends any more because she couldnt keep her word.我非常生气，径直走到汉娜跟前，告诉她我们不再是朋友了，因为她不能信守承诺。要点提炼so.that.在句中引导结果状语从句，意为“如此以至于”。so.that.中的so是副词，修饰形容词或副词。(1)so(2)such(3)当“so/such.that.”中的so/such连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要部分倒装，从句不用倒装。He did the work so badly that I had to do it all over again mys

39、elf.这项工作他干得太差劲了，我只好亲自重做。There was so much noise outside that we couldnt hear the teacher.It was so noisy outside that we couldnt hear the teacher.外面噪音很大，以至于我们不能听到老师的话。This is such an interesting book that/so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it.这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。So fast did the teacher speak

40、 that I couldnt follow him.(The teacher spoke so fast that I could not follow him.)那位老师说得太快，我听不懂。 (教材P3)Football is very important to me，but so is our friendship足球对我来说很重要，但我们的友谊也同等重要。要点提炼句中so is our friendship是“sobe动词/助动词/情态动词主语”的倒装结构。(1)so引起的倒装句表示上述情况也适用于后者，结构为“so系动词/助动词/情态动词主语”。(2)如果前一分句里有不同类型的谓语动

41、词，那么后一分句要用So it is with sb./sth.或It is the same with sb./sth.。(3)“neither/nor系动词/助动词/情态动词主语”是一个倒装结构，表示前面的情况也适用于后者，neither/nor用于否定的场合。(4)“so正常语序”表示说话人同意对方的看法或对前文内容给予一种强调性的肯定，常意为“的确如此”。I like studying English，and so does she.我喜欢学习英语，她也是。He is only a child but he knows a lot about wild animals，and so i

42、t is with his sister/it is the same with his sister.他只是个小孩，但是他了解很多野生动物的知识，他姐姐也是如此。I havent passed the English examination.Neither/Nor has my brother.我没有通过英语考试。我弟弟也是如此。He works hard.他工作很努力。So he does and so do you.他的确如此，你也是。1(教材P2)However，the next day，I noticed that my classmates were staring at me a

43、s I came into math class and，when I went to sit down，I was shocked to find a piece of paper on my desk that said，Stupid Sarah got a D！分析该句为and连接的并列复合句。在第一个分句中that引导宾语从句作noticed的宾语；as I came into math class为时间状语从句。在第二个分句中，when引导一个时间状语从句；that引导一个定语从句，先行词是a piece of paper。翻译然而第二天，一走进数学课堂我就注意到同学们都在盯着我，当

44、我坐下的时候，我吃惊地发现自己的课桌上放着一张纸条，上面写着“愚蠢的萨拉只得了个D！”2(教材P3)He got annoyed，saying it wasnt his fault if he couldnt play as well as me，and that I shouldnt talk to him in this manner.分析句子主干为He got annoyed，saying.为现在分词作伴随状语；其中it wasnt his fault if.和that I shouldnt talk to him in this manner为宾语从句，当句子中有两个或两个以上的并列宾

45、语从句时，从第二个宾语从句开始，that不可省略，其中if又在宾语从句中引导条件状语从句。翻译他也被惹火了，说他的球技不如我不是他的错，还说我不该那样和他说话。.单句语法填空1With his attention focused(focus) on his book，he didnt notice me enter his study.2Keeping pace with teachers is a fine way to study English.3She likes making a remark on others appearance，which is rude.4Arguing(argue) with your parents is totally natural for teens.5They had quarreled(quarrel) all the time before they broke off their engagement(婚约)6As a result of patient experimenting，he succeeded in developing a new machine.7T