2019-2020同步译林英语必修一新突破讲义：Unit 1 Section Ⅱ　Language points（Ⅰ）（Welcome to the unit & Reading） .doc

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1、Section Language points()(Welcometo the unit & Reading).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。1They have struggled(抗争)for years to free their country from the enemy.2We exchanged(交换)our opinions about the event at the meeting.3Many headmasters(校长)from key senior middle schools are visiting our school.4That writer h

2、as a high place in the history of American literature(文学)5Though he is in bad condition，he never stops doing academic(学术的)research.6He went to the library to find out what the average rainfall of April was in this city.7Toms mother watched his performance with great satisfaction8To make breakfast mo

3、re attractive is a challenging job.9She earned a hard living by selling vegetables day and night in the past years.10The government has promised an extra $1 billion for health care.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。1enjoy v喜欢；享受enjoyment n享受；乐趣enjoyable adj.有乐趣的；令人愉快的2experience n&vt.经历，体验experienced adj.有经验的3re

4、spect n&vt.尊敬，敬重respectable adj.体面的；值得尊敬的respectful adj.恭敬的，尊重人的4devote vt.致力于；献身devoted adj.忠诚的；献身的devotion n奉献；忠诚；挚爱5encourage vt.鼓励encouragement n鼓励v.ableadj.v.mentn.honourhonourable光荣的comfortcomfortable 舒服的bearbearable 可忍受的，可容忍的developdevelopment发展governgovernment 统治disappointdisappointment 失望.补

5、全短语根据提示补全下列短语。1earn respect赢得尊重2devote oneself to致力于3used to do sth.过去常常做某事4for free免费5be fond of喜欢6look back(on)回忆，回顾7at the end of在的末端8such as例如；像这样的.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空。1Id like to look back on my school days，because there were many enjoyable experiences during that period.2At the end of the meetin

6、g，the headteacher came in and gave us some advice on study.3We used to go sailing on the lake in summer，but now we go swimming instead.4English is spoken in many countries，such as Australia and Canada.5I like orange juice while she is fond of peach juice.lookadv.prep. 动词短语beadj.of动词短语look up to尊重，仰慕

7、look forward to 展望，期盼look down on/upon 轻视，贬低be afraid of害怕be proud of 以为荣be sure of 确信背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。Going to a British high school for one year为动名词短语作主语。Getting up early i

8、s good for your health. 早起对你的健康有好处。2.so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.所以对我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字可是一件难事。“It is/wasn./adj.for sb.to do sth.”句型。I think it is necessary to learn a foreign language.我认为学习一门外语是有必要的。3.I found that the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in

9、my old school.我发现这里布置的家庭作业不像我以前在原来学校时那么繁重。not as/soadj./adv.结构，as意为“不如”。The work is not so difficult as you imagined.这工作没有你想象的那么困难。4.Cooking was really fun as I learnt how to buy，prepare and cook food.当我学会如何买菜、配菜和做菜的时候，我发现烹饪真是乐趣无穷。“疑问词to do”作宾语。I dont know how to deal with/what to do with this probl

10、em.我不知道怎样处理这个问题。5.I did not realize schools in the UK are so different from schools in China until I read your article.直到读了你的文章我才意识到英国的学校与中国的学校是如此不同。句中not.until.表示“直到才”。Jack didnt go to bed until he finished watching the TV programRunning Man.直到看完电视节目奔跑吧，兄弟！，杰克才去睡觉。 experience n& vt.经历，体验(教材P2)Going

11、 to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。(1)have experience in.在方面有经验get/gain experience获得经验(2)experienced adj.有经验的，老练的be experienced in/at.在方面有经验I am an outgoing girl who has rich experience in organizing school activit

12、ies.我是一个外向的女孩，在组织学校活动方面有丰富的经验。Young as she is，she is an experienced(experience)employee.虽然她很年轻，但她是一个有经验的员工。He had many interesting experiences(experience)while traveling in Africa.在非洲旅游时他有许多有趣的经历。名师点津experience作名词，意为“经验”时为不可数名词；作“经历”解时为可数名词。 (教材P2)He also told us that the best way to earn respect wa

13、s to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades.他还告诉我们，赢得尊重的最佳途径就是专心学习并取得好成绩。(1)earn vt.获得；赚，挣得(1)earn a living(make a living)谋生earn money(make money)赚钱earn the reputation赢得声誉(2)earnings n.薪水，收入；利润They are young and think it easy to earn money.他们年轻，以为赚钱很容易。The old man earns a living by sellin

14、g vegetables.这位老人以卖蔬菜为生。He was satisfied with his earnings(earn) as an accountant.他对自己作为一名会计师的收入很满意。(2)respect n&vt.尊敬，敬重(1)show respect for sb.尊敬某人in respect ofwith respect to关于；就来说give ones respects to代某人表达敬意，问候out of respect出于尊重(2)respect sb.for.因而尊敬某人respect sb.as.尊敬某人为He is greatly respected fo

15、r his kindness.他因善良而备受尊敬。She did it out of respect for her teacher.她这么做是出于对老师的尊重。We respect him as a great leader.我们尊他为伟大的领袖。As a student，you must show respect for your teachers.作为学生，你必须尊敬你的老师。名师点津表示“敬意、问候”时一定要用respect的复数形式。(3)devote vt.致力于；献身(1)devote.to.把用于devote oneself to献身于，致力于，专心于devote ones t

16、ime(life，energy，attention)to.把时间(一生，精力，注意力)用在上(2)devoted adj.献身的；忠诚的be devoted to致力于，全心全意于Few people are able to devote themselves fully to their careers.很少有人能够完全献身于他们自己的事业。Im devoting all my time and energy to educating(educate) children.我正把我的所有时间和精力都致力于教育儿童。Some of them were devoted(devote)to the

17、study of natural science.他们中的有些人致力于研究自然科学。名师点津短语devote.to.中，to为介词，所以后面跟名词、动名词形式，类似的短语还有object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to，look forward to，stick to，be used to等。 average adj.一般的，普通的；平均的(教材P2)This is about the average size for British schools.英国中学的班级差不多就是这么大。average n平均数；平均水平vt.平均数为on avera

18、ge平均起来；平均above/below(the) average高于/低于平均水平an average of平均有An average of twenty students failed in the midterm exam.平均有20名学生在期中考试中不及格。My English is above average.我的英语(水平)在一般之上。On average，how much should one student prepare for the oneyear course of study in the UK?平均而言，在英国学习，一个学生一年应准备多少钱？语境助记There we

19、re 90 students getting full marks in the exam，an average of 18 students in each class.Toms was above average while Johns was below average.在这次考试中有90个同学得了满分，每个班级平均有18人。汤姆的成绩在平均水平之上，而约翰的成绩在平均水平之下。 struggle n难事；斗争；努力vi.奋斗，努力；挣扎(教材P2)We also had different students in some classes，so it was a struggle fo

20、r me to remember all the faces and names.上某些课的时候，班上的同学也不一样，所以对我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字可是一件难事。It is a struggle for sb.to do sth.某人做某事很费劲struggle to ones feet挣扎着站起来struggle to do sth.艰难地做某事，挣扎着做某事struggle with/against和作斗争；和搏斗struggle for为而奋斗Man has been struggling with/against nature.人类一直在与大自然作斗争。We Chinese are

21、 struggling together to build(build)a harmonious society.我们中国人正一起努力建造一个和谐的社会。Though he was badly injured，he struggled to his feet.虽然他伤得很重，但他挣扎着站了起来。There are ever more people on Earth，and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives，rather than merely struggle for survival.地球上有越来越多的人，他们想

22、过上更好的生活而不是仅仅为生存拼搏，这是合情合理的。语境助记We struggle for success all our life；however，it is a struggle to make every day meaningful.The thought of giving up haunts us when failure frequently knocks at the door，but the eager for flowers and applause tells us to struggle to our feet when we fall down before trou

23、ble.我们一生都在追求成功，然而，让每天都有意义并非易事。当失败一次次地降临到我们身上时，放弃的想法萦绕心头。但对鲜花和掌声的渴望告诉我们：在困难面前跌倒时，要站起来继续奋斗。 encouragement n鼓励(教材P2)I felt lucky，as all my teachers gave me much encouragement.我感到很幸运，因为我所有的老师都给了我很多鼓励(1)encourage vt.鼓励；鼓舞encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事(2)encouraging令人鼓舞的，振奋人心的I want to thank everyone who

24、has encouraged and supported me.我要感谢每一位鼓励和支持过我的人。A good public transport will encourage people to leave(leave)their cars at home.良好的公共交通会促使人们将汽车留在家中。Never let an opportunity pass to say a kind and encouraging (encourage)word to somebody.永远不要错失机会向某人说饱含善意和鼓励的话。 (教材P3)I look back on my time in the UK w

25、ith satisfaction，and I really hope to go back and study in Manchester again.回顾在英国的日子我很满意，真希望有朝一日我能再次回到曼彻斯特学习。(1)look back on回忆，回顾look down on/upon轻视，看不起look forward to盼望(to为介词)look into向里面看；调查look through浏览；仔细查看；翻阅look up向上看；查阅look up to尊敬，敬仰Ive looked through all my papers but I still cant find the

26、 contract.我翻阅了所有的文件但仍旧没有找到合同。The police are looking into the disappearance of the two children.警察正在调查两个孩子失踪的事情。We welcome your arrival，and look forward to meeting (meet) with you.我们欢迎您的到来，期待与您会面。(2)satisfaction n满意(1)with satisfaction满意地，满足地to ones satisfaction令某人感到满意的是(2)satisfy vt.使满意satisfy ones

27、needs满足某人的需求(3)satisfied adj.感到满意的，感到满足的be satisfied with.对感到满意satisfying adj.令人满意的To his satisfaction，he found a job in the big company.令他满意的是，他在那家大公司找到了一份工作。His face told (that) he was satisfied with the speech.他脸上显示出他对演讲感到满意。I think what the boys achieved is satisfying(satisfy)我认为这个男孩所取得的成绩是令人满意的

28、。语境助记To my satisfaction，he should give the right answer so quickly.I am satisfied with the answer and I can also see many people nod their heads with satisfaction.让我感到满意的是，他竟然如此迅速给出了正确的答案。我对这个回答感到很满意，也看见很多人满意地点着头。 exchange n&vt.交换；交流(教材P5)Next year，I plan on attending a high school in China on a stu

29、dent exchange programme，and I found your article a great encouragement to me.明年，我计划参加一个交换生的项目，在中国上高中，而且我发现你的文章对我是一个很大的鼓舞。(1)in exchange(for)作为交换，交换make an exchange交换(2)exchange A for B把A换成Bexchange sth.with sb.与某人交换某物Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera?用我的旧电视机换这架照相机，你愿意吗？He found a

30、bank to exchange his dollars for pounds.他找了一家银行把美元兑换成了英镑。May I exchange my seat with you?我可以和你换一下座位吗？He brought the black jacket to make an exchange for a blue one.他带着那件黑色夹克衫来换一件蓝色的夹克衫。图形助记 (教材P2)Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.在英国上了一年的

31、中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。【要点提炼】句中Going to a British high school for one year为动名词短语，在句中作主语。(1)动词ing形式作主语时，常表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数(2)常用动名词作主语的句型：It is a waste of time/money doing.做是浪费时间/金钱的It is no use/no good doing.做是没用/没有好处的Doing morning exercises is good for your health.晨练对你的健康有好处。Its no use talking(tal

32、k) to Bill because he will never change his mind.跟比尔谈论没用，因为他永远也不会改变主意。Its a waste of time advising (advise) such a person to join us.劝说这样的人加入我们真是浪费时间。 (教材P2)We also had different students in some classes，so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.上某些课的时候，班上的同学也不一样，所以对我来说记住所有人的面孔

33、和名字可是一件难事。【要点提炼】句中to remember all the faces and names作真正的主语，it作形式主语。(1)该句属于“Itben./adj.(for/of sb.)to do sth.”句型。在英语表达中，为了保持句子的平衡或结构的需要，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式)放在句子后面。(2)在上述结构中，for前面通常是difficult，necessary，important等多与事物特征有关的形容词；而of前面通常是wise，kind，stupid，nice等与人的性格特点有关的形容词。It was an enjoyable experience

34、 for him to attend the Rio Olympic Games.能够参加里约奥运会对他来说是一次愉快的经历。It is a pity to give up the job.放弃这份工作，真是遗憾。It is important for us to have(have)breakfast every day.每天吃早餐对我们来说非常重要。It is kind of you to invite me to the party.你邀请我参加聚会真是太好了。 (教材P5)I did not realize schools in the UK are so different from

35、 schools in China until I read your article.直到读了你的文章我才意识到英国的学校与中国的学校是如此不同。【要点提炼】not.until.表示“直到才”，until引导时间状语从句，not否定的是主句的谓语。(1)not.until.“直到才”，表示直到某一时间，某一行为才发生，之前该行为并没有发生。用在否定句中，主句中的谓语动词是短暂性动词。(2)not until还可以用于倒装句和强调句中：倒装句结构：Not until状语(副词、介词短语、从句)部分倒装；强调句结构：It is/wasnot until.that.He didnt go to b

36、ed last night until his mother came back.昨天晚上直到妈妈回来他才去睡觉。Not until he saw his father lying in bed，dying，did he realize how much he loved him.直到看到父亲奄奄一息地躺在床上，他才意识到自己有多爱他。It was not until I saw my sister that I felt happy.直到看到我妹妹我才感到高兴。1(教材P2)This means I could get up an hour later than usual，as schoo

37、ls in China begin before 8 am.【分析】该句是复合句，means后面省略了连接词that，后面整个部分是宾语从句；在这个宾语从句中，as引导的是原因状语从句。【翻译】这意味着我每天可以比以往晚一个小时起床，因为在中国学校每天上午8点之前就开始上课了。2(教材P3)I was glad that all my classmates were fond of the cake that I made.【分析】这是一个主从复合句，I was glad是主句，that all my classmates were fond of the cake是宾语从句；that I m

38、ade是定语从句，修饰先行词cake。【翻译】班上所有的同学都喜欢我做的蛋糕，这真让我高兴。3(教材P3)Students at that school have to study Maths，English and Science，but can stop studying some subjects if they do not like them，for example，History and French.【分析】该句是由并列连词but引导的并列句；在第二个分句中从属连词if引导条件状语从句。【翻译】数学、英语和科学是该校的必修课，但是，如果不喜欢某些科目是可以放弃的，如历史和法语。.

39、单句语法填空1Now they are seeking for an experienced(experience)scientist to fill the post.2Peter will give me five sweets in exchange for an apple，but in fact I dont have a sweet tooth.3He struggled to succeed(succeed)in his business.4You should show greater respect for your elders.5As a matter of fact h

40、e isnt really satisfied with the hotel service.6Mother wont allow us to swim in this river.It is no use asking(ask) her for another time.7Devoted(devote)to his work，he has no time to see a film with his family.8Your coming to help us was a great encouragement(encourage)9I often look back on my unive

41、rsity days，which were among the happiest(happy) of my life.10It was very foolish of the boy to swim in the river alone.完成句子1在太空行走对他来说是一次愉快而兴奋的经历。Walking in space was an enjoyable and exciting experience for him.(walk)2直到五年级我才成为一个热衷于攀爬的人。I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade.(not.until)3我真的希望你能给我一些如何记单词的建议。I do hope you can give me some advice on how to memorize words(memorize)4没有你的帮助，我做好那项工作不容易。It was not easy for me to do the job well without your help.(not easy)5生活在大城市不如生活在小城镇省钱。Living in big cities is not as cheap as living in small towns.(not as.as)