2019-2020同步译林英语选修六新突破讲义：Unit 2　Section Ⅲ　Grammar——非谓语动词（Ⅱ） .doc

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1、Section Grammar非谓语动词()语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.I understand that you often use the example of the gymnast Sang Lan to show how people can find happiness even during times of a personal catastrophe.2.Inspired by Sang Lans story，the students decide to work harder at their lessons.3.Turning to the left a

2、t the crossroads，you will see the railway station on your right.4.Having made our plan，well put it into practice.5.Not knowing what to do，she turned to me for help.1.1句中不定式作目的状语。2.2句中过去分词短语作原因状语；3句中现在分词短语作条件状语。3.4句中现在分词完成式作条件状语；5句中现在分词的否定形式作原因状语。一、非谓语动词作状语1不定式作状语(1)目的状语：to do，in order to do和so as to

3、 do，其中so as to do不能用于句首。We eat to live rather than live to eat.我们吃饭是为了活着，而不是活着为了吃饭。In order to find hard evidence，he searched the whole house.为了找到有力的证据，他搜查了整个房子。即时训练1完成句子他悄悄地进来，以免把他的妻子吵醒。He came in quietly so as not to/in order not to wake his wife.为了在天黑前到达，我们很早就动身了。In order to arrive/To arrive befo

4、re dark，we started early.(2)原因状语：跟在某些表示心理变化的形容词后面，如：glad，surprised，amazed，delighted等。We were surprised to find everything changed.发现一切都变了，我们很惊讶。(3)结果状语：表示出人意料的结果，不定式前有逗号和副词only；也可以用于too.to.“太而不能”，.enough to.“足够”和so/such.as to.“如此以至于”句型中。I hurried to Professor Wangs house，only to find he was out.我匆忙赶

5、到王教授的家，可是却发现他出去了。He was so tired as to be unable to walk.他累得走不动了。名师点津动词不定式在作表语或补语的形容词后面作状语时，常用主动形式表示被动含义，常见的此类形容词有easy，hard，difficult，pleasant，interesting，comfortable，safe，dangerous，impossible，fit等，该类形容词说明的是不定式的性质。The poem is not easy to translate.这首诗难翻译。The music is pleasant to listen to.这音乐听起来悦耳。即

6、时训练2单句改错He was too excited to not say a few words.去掉notHis speech was easy understand.understand前加toHe tried his best to prepare for the contest，only be told it was cancelled.only后加to2分词作状语(1)原因状语：分词用作原因状语，通常可转换成原因状语从句。Getting up late (As he got up late)，he missed his early train.由于起床晚了，他没有赶上早班火车。Gr

7、eatly encouraged (As we were greatly encouraged)，we made up our mind to carry on the hard work.由于受到极大鼓舞，我们决心将艰苦的工作继续下去。即时训练3句型转换He asked the teacher for help，because he didnt know how to work out the difficult physics problem. Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem，he asked the te

8、acher for help.As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.(2)时间状语：分词用作时间状语，通常可转换成时间状语从句。Hearing the good news (When he heard the good news)，he jumped with joy.听到这个好消息，他高兴地跳了起来。Seen from the hill (When it is seen from the hil

9、l)，the park looks very beautiful.从山上看，这个公园非常漂亮。即时训练4句型转换Hearing their teachers voice，the pupils stopped talking at once.When they heard their teachers voice，the pupils stopped talking at once.When he was asked when he would arrive，he said it was uncertain. Asked when he would arrive，he said it was u

10、ncertain.(3)伴随状语或方式状语：分词用作伴随状语，通常可转换成并列谓语，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语的动作同时发生。分词用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比较接近，有时可以转换成by doing sth.结构。Tom lay on the grass，staring at the sky(and stared at the sky)for a long time.汤姆躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。He earns a living driving a truck(by driving a truck)他靠开卡车谋生活。He hurried to the hall，followed by

11、two guards(and he was followed by two guards)他快步走向大厅，身后跟着两个卫兵。即时训练5用所给动词的适当形式填空(湖南高考改编)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，staring (stare)at the night sky.(重庆高考改编)When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，telling (tell)me stories till I fell asle

12、ep.(4)条件状语：分词用作条件状语通常可转换成条件状语从句。Working hard(If you work hard)，you will succeed.努力工作，你就会成功。Seen in the distance(If it is seen in the distance)，the village looks more beautiful.从远处看，这个村庄看上去更漂亮。即时训练6句型转换If you turn to the left，you will find the path leading to the park. Turning to the left，you will fi

13、nd the path leading to the park.United，we will stand；divided，we will fall. If we are united，we will stand；if we are divided，we will fall.(5)结果状语：分词用作结果状语时，通常可转换成并列谓语，它表示伴随谓语动作的发生而产生的自然结果。The fire lasted a week，leaving nothing valuable (and left nothing valuable)大火持续了一周，几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。名师点津不定式和现在分词均可表示结

14、果，但有区别：不定式表示结果，其动作发生在谓语动词动作之后，常表示未曾料到的结果或令人不快的结果，不定式前常加only；现在分词表示结果，是伴随谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然结果。即时训练7完成句子他匆忙赶到那间屋子里，发现已经空无一人。He hurried to the house，only to find that it was empty.他死了，留下了他的妻子和五个孩子。He died, leaving his wife with five children(6)让步状语：分词用作让步状语，通常可转换成让步状语从句。Although living miles away (Althoug

15、h he lived miles away)，he attended the course.虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。Defeated(Although he was defeated)again，the scientist didnt give up.尽管再次被打败了，但这位科学家并没有放弃。名师点津现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间是主动关系。He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。(2)过去分词作状语

16、时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。即时训练8句型转换Although the stone weighed almost one hundred jin，it was moved by him alone. Weighing almost one hundred jin，the stone was moved by him alone.Though they had been warned of storm，the

17、 farmers were still working in the field. Warned of storm，the farmers were still working in the field.3“连词分词”结构动词ing或动词ed可用在when，while，once，if和though/although等的后面，构成“连词分词”结构，该结构可看作是状语从句的省略形式。When waiting for the bus，he saw an old friend.在等公交车时，他遇见了一位老朋友。Once caught，people who break the law will be p

18、unished.一旦被抓，破坏法律的人就会受到惩罚。If compared with that movie，this one is more interesting.和那部电影比起来，这部更有趣。即时训练9句型转换If repaired well，the washing machine could be used again. If it was repaired well，the washing machine could be used again.While I was reading the article，I was thinking of how I would write the

19、 story. While reading the article，I was thinking of how I would write the story.Although she was left alone，she did not feel lonely at all. Although left alone，she did not feel lonely at all.二、非谓语动词的各种形式1不定式的一般式、进行式和完成式及其被动语态形式主动语态被动语态一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done

20、一般式：表示不定式的动作和谓语动词同时发生或稍后发生。进行式：表示不定式的动作在谓语动词发生时正在进行。完成式：表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生。即时训练10用所给动词的适当形式填空He seems to know (know) a lot.He seems to leave (leave) for Shanghai soon.The boy pretended to be working (work) hard when the teacher came in.He is pleased to have come (come) across his friend.2现在分词的一般式、完成式

21、及其被动语态形式主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done一般式：多表示与谓语动词同时进行的动作，有时也可以表示发生在谓语动词之前或之后的动作。完成式：表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作。名师点津不定式的被动式表示将要发生的被动动作，现在分词的被动式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表示已经完成的被动动作。Looking around，I found there was no one nearby.环顾四周，我发现附近没有人。The bridge being built now will be completed in three

22、months.正在修建中的桥三个月之后完成。Having been trapped in the traffic，he was late for work.被困在交通中，他上班迟到了。即时训练11完成句子由于被盯着看，这女孩觉得不自在。Being stared at，the girl felt uneasy.作业完成后，他出去和别人玩。Having finished his homework，he went out playing with others.因为给了这么好的机会，他打算努力工作。Having been given such a good chance，he planned to

23、work hard.3非谓语动词的否定式不管不定式或分词是什么形式，其否定形式总是在它们的前面加not。Not to arrive late，he set off early.由于不想迟到，他早早就动身了。I hid behind the door，not wanting to be seen.我躲在门后，不想被别人看见。Not seen，I felt lucky.由于没有被看见，我感到很幸运。即时训练12完成句子由于没有被选中，她感到很失望。Not having been chosen，she felt disappointed.为了不想陷入交通堵塞，他们早就起来了。In order not

24、 to get caught in the traffic jam，they got up very early.不认真仔细阅读，你就不会学到新东西。Not reading carefully，youll not learn anything new.单词语法填空1She hurried home only to find (find)her father had passed away.2My parents love me dearly，of course，and will do all they can to make (make)sure that I get a good educa

25、tion.3Taking (take)everything into consideration，the result is better than expected (expect)4Driven (drive)by the rising price of gas，many car owners use their cars less.5Seeing (see)the big snake，the little girl stood under the tree frightened (frighten)to death.6Having suffered (suffer)such heavy

26、pollution already，it may not be too late to clean up the river.7Compared (compare)with developed countries，we still have a long way to go.8Though beaten (beat)by the opposite team，the players didnt lose heart.9. Having been warned (warn)about the typhoon，the fishermen headed for the nearest harbor.1

27、0Dressed (dress)in blue garments，the three people faced the media with great confidence.完成句子1为了赶早班火车，你得早早起床并打车过去。To/In order to catch the early train youll have to get up early and rush in a taxi.2她泪流满面，仿佛被感人的电影深深地打动了。She was in tears as if deeply moved by the moving film3这个男孩躺在地上，眼睛闭着，手在发抖。The boy

28、lay on the ground，his eyes closed and his hands trembling/shaking4由于没有被告知下一步该做什么，工人们在休息和等待。Not having been told what to do next，the workers are resting and waiting.5正在修建的这座房子将是我们的餐厅。The building being built will be served as our dining hall.6由于不知道地址，我们没法和他取得联系。Not knowing his address，we have no way

29、to get in touch with him7茶杯掉到了地上，摔碎了。The cup fell down to the ground，broken8生长在农村，他对农民的艰苦生活有着深刻的了解。Born and brought up in the countryside, he knows better about the hard life of peasants.9为了避免忘记，我已经记下了。I have written it down in order not to/so as not to forget it10你乐意就如何学好英语向我们提些建议吗？Would you be as kind as to give us some advice on how to learn English well?