2019-2020同步译林英语选修六新突破讲义：Unit 3　Section Ⅱ　Language points（Ⅰ）（Welcome to the unit & Reading） .doc

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1、Section Language points()(Welcometo the unit & Reading).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。1I hope you wont be offended (冒犯)if I leave early.2Weve had to make some adjustments (调整)to our original calculations.3They exchanged greetings (问候)and sat down to lunch.4At the reception (招待会)，we showed our sincere welcom

2、e to the foreign experts.5If you are not accustomed (习惯于)to sleeping with the light on，just turn it off.6He，together with his bride，would like all of you to be present at his wedding7It snowed throughout the night.The whole town was covered with snow.8These festivals are celebrated in many countries

3、 around the world.9They used to set off a few fireworks，hoping to drive away evils.10The old man sitting on the park bench looks familiar.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示写出下列单词。1greet vt.和某人打招呼(或问好)greeting n问候；问候语2congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺congratulation n祝贺3permit v允许，准许 n许可证permission n允许4prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止prohi

4、bition n禁止；禁令5adjust vi.& vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节adjustable adj.可调节的adjustment n调节，调整v.ionn.av.adj.contribution n贡献devotion n. 奉献decoration n. 装饰；修饰awake adj.醒着的alive adj. 活着的asleep adj. 醒着的.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语。1get/be/become accustomed to 习惯于2be familiar with 通晓；熟悉3be amazed at 对感到吃惊4take off 脱下，除掉；起飞5be similar

5、 to 与相似6do without 设法对付过去；没有也行7adjust to 适应8set off 燃放9have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有麻烦/困难10after all 毕竟，终究.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空。1Students will be/get/become quickly accustomed to the college life.2We cant do without the help of you and your family.3When I suddenly stepped into the dark cave，it took

6、me a few minutes to adjust to the darkness.4The flight is taking offAll the passengers are asked to fasten their safety belts.5People all over the world are amazed at US，France and Britain launching strikes on Syria.takeadv.动词短语setadv.动词短语take away 带走，拿走take down 记下，拆卸take up 占用，担任set out 出发set down

7、 放下set up 设立1Its quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.看新来的外教努力适应这个动作的样子很有趣。记句式结构it是形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语。仿写促落实It was useless telling him about it at that time.那时候告诉他这件事是没用的。2Another thing is，if you came to Brunei，you would have to take off your shoes before going i

8、nto someones house.还有就是，如果你来到文莱，你进别人的房间之前必须得脱鞋。记句式结构if虚拟语气条件句，表示对将来动作的虚拟。仿写促落实If your car knocked into a tree，it would turn over你的车要是撞到树上的话，它就会翻了。3But what is really interesting is that there are sometimes great cultural differences even between native English speakers.但真正有趣的是，即使在以英语为母语的人们之间有时候也存在着很

9、大的文化差异。记句式结构what引导的从句作主语，在从句中，它又作从句的主语。仿写促落实What surprised me most was that he should speak Russian.最让我感到吃惊的是，他居然会讲俄语。4Well，its time for me to go.好了，我该走了。记句式结构“Its time(for sb.)不定式”表示“某人该做了”。仿写促落实Its time for us to take measures to protect the environment.该是我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。 ensure vt.保证，担保，确保(教材P34)R

10、oosters are supposed to drive bad spirits away from the wedding ceremony，and hens are thought to ensure good luck for the marriage.公鸡被认为能够把坏运气从婚礼上赶走，而母鸡则被认为能确保给婚姻带来好运。(1)ensure sb.sth.确保某人某事ensure sb. s doing sth.ensure that. 确保某人能ensure.against. 保证不(2)ensurance n. 保证，确保；保障This medicine will ensure

11、you a good nights sleep.这药将保证你一晚都睡眠良好。I cant ensure his completing (complete) the task on time.I cant ensure that he will complete the task on time.我不能保证他能按时完成任务。These safety devices can ensure miners against accidents.这些安全措施能够保证矿工们不出事故。名师点津“确保，保证”表达法聚焦make sure确保，保证assure确保，向保证ensure确保，保证 guarantee

12、确保，保证make certain of确保 see to it that.确保 congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺(教材P34)During the ceremony，the hen laid an egg，and everyone congratulated the new couple because it was considered very lucky.在婚礼期间，那只母鸡下了一个蛋，所有的人都向这对新人祝贺，因为这被认为是非常幸运的。(1)congratulate sb.on/upon sth.就某事祝贺某人(2)congratulations n. 祝贺，贺词

13、Congratulations! (用以向某人祝贺)祝贺offer/send ones congratulations to sb. 向某人致以祝贺I congratulated them all on their results.我为他们取得的成就向他们所有人表示祝贺。I will congratulate you on your success.我预祝你成功。We must telephone our congratulations(congratulate) to the happy new couple.我们得给那对幸福的新婚夫妇打个电话表示祝贺。名师点津congratulation

14、n祝贺，庆祝表示“祝贺；贺词”(含义较具体)时，用复数形式，表示祝贺的原因时用介词on；表示抽象意义的“祝贺”或“贺喜”时，一般为不可数名词。明辨异同congratulate/celebrate意义用法congratulate指以向他人祝贺为目的，希望他人幸福或走运。后跟人作宾语，且介词on后跟表示成功、成就、幸运、生日等词。celebrate通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情，多暗示节日般的欢乐场面。后跟表示节日或某件事情的名词作宾语。congratulate/celebrateWe went to the church to celebrate Christmas E

15、ve.Let me congratulate you on winning the first prize in the writing composition.(教材P34)Another difference is that while we serve food，soft drinks，tea and coffee，alcohol is not permitted at the wedding reception in fact，alcohol is altogether prohibited in Brunei.另外一个区别就是我们虽然供应食物、软饮料、茶和咖啡，但是在婚宴上不许饮酒事

16、实上，在文莱白酒是完全被禁止的。(1)permit vt.& vi.允许，准许 n. 许可证(1)permit sb.sth.允许某人某事permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事permit doing sth. 允许做某事(2)permission n. 允许，许可with ones permission 在某人的许可下without permission 未经许可ask for/get ones permission 请求/获得某人的允许The teacher doesnt permit sleeping in class.老师不允许上课睡觉。You are not all

17、owed in without permission (permit)未经许可，你是不能进去的。Please permit me to offer (offer) you some advice.请允许我向你提些建议。(2)prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止(1)prohibit(sb.s)doing sth.禁止(某人)做某事prohibit sb.from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事/使 某人不可能做某事(2)prohibition n. 禁止；禁令The high cost of equipment prohibits many people from taking u

18、p this sport.昂贵的装备令许多人对这项运动望而却步。The prohibition (prohibit) against smoking in school yards is strictly enforced.校园内严格执行不准抽烟的禁令。名师点津还有哪些“禁止” adjust vi.& vt. 适应，习惯；调整，调节(教材P35)Its quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.看新来的外教努力适应这个动作的样子很有趣。(1)adjust oneself to使自己适

19、应adjust sth.to sth. 依据某事调整某事(2)adjustment n. 调节；适应make an adjustment to. 适应(3)adjustable adj. 可调节的The desks and seats can be adjusted to the height of any child.这些桌椅可以调整以适应孩子的身高。He adjusted the camera to take the photo of the distant mountain.他调整了照相机的焦距来拍远处的山。He adjusted himself(he) very quickly to

20、the heat of the country.他很快适应了这个国家炎热的天气。 take off脱掉；起飞；成名；(观念、产品)大受欢迎(教材P35)Another thing is，if you came to Brunei，you would have to take off your shoes before going into someones house.还有就是，如果你来到文莱，进别人的房间之前必须得脱鞋。The plane took off despite the fog.尽管有雾，飞机照常起飞了。Her singing career took off after she w

21、on the first place in The Voice of China.她赢得中国好声音冠军后，她的歌唱事业迅速腾飞。I cant take on any extra work.我不能承担任何额外的工作。 (教材P35)Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.许多外国人很难适应这种做法。(1)have trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有麻烦/有困难have trouble(in)doinghave difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难trouble n&v. 麻烦(be)in

22、trouble 处于不幸或困境中ask/look for trouble 自寻烦恼get(sb.)into trouble (使某人)陷入困境My friends always help me out when I am in trouble.有麻烦时朋友总是帮助我。Dont mention my name，or youll get me into trouble.别提我的名字，否则你将给我惹麻烦。Im sorry you are having trouble (in) making(make) friends.我对你不善于交朋友而感到遗憾。(2)accustomed adj.习惯于；惯常的(

23、1)be accustomed to习惯于(表示状态)become/get accustomed to习惯于(非延续性动作)(2)accustom vt. (与介词to连用)使习 惯于；使适应accustom oneself/sb.to doing 使自己/某人习惯于；养成的习惯I am not accustomed to getting up so early.我不习惯这么早起床。My eyes slowly got accustomed to the dark.我的眼睛慢慢适应了黑暗。You must accustom yourself (you) to the new environme

24、nt.你必须使自己适应新环境。名师点津be accustomed to短语中的to是介词，含介词to的动词短语常见的还有：devote oneself to 奉献；献身于get down to 开始认真做look forward to 盼望lead to 导致；通向object to/be opposed to 反对stick to 坚持adapt/adjust to 适应 familiar adj.通晓；熟悉(教材P35)For example，I have fond childhood memories of Bonfire Night，but my American friends ar

25、e not familiar with that particular festival.例如：我有童年时篝火节的温馨回忆，但我的美国朋友对那个特别的节日竟然不太了解。be familiar with熟悉be familiar to 为所熟悉She looks very familiar，but I cant remember her name.她看上去很面熟，但是我记不起她的名字了。He is quite familiar with the city because he is a native of it.The city is quite familiar to him because

26、he is a native of it.他对这个城市很熟悉，因为他是当地人。 after all毕竟；终究；结果(教材P35)After all，learning about cultural differences is a good way to understand more about each other.毕竟，了解文化差异是增进互相了解的一个好办法。first of all首先in all 总共；总计above all 首先；首要；尤其是(强调重要性)all in all 总的来说at all 究竟；到底(用于否定句或疑问 句中，加强语气)After all，no pain，no

27、 gain.毕竟，不劳则无获。First of all，you should know what profession suits you.首先，你该知道什么职业适合你。Above all，you must be independent.最重要的是，你必须独立。 do without没有也行(教材P37).while in Britain if personal fireworks are not permitted people will just do without.而在英国如果禁止个人燃放烟火，人们只好将就了。do without只好将就，没有也行，无须do sth.with sb./

28、sth. 处理Youll have to do without your dinner if you dont get back in time.你如果不及时回来就吃不上饭了。I dont know what to do with so much food thats left over.我不知道怎样处理这么多剩饭剩菜。名师点津do without后既可以带宾语也可以不带宾语。 (教材P35)Its quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.看新来的外教努力适应这个动作的样子很有趣。

29、要点提炼本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语；watch后跟复合宾语(the new foreign teachers为宾语，trying to adjust to doing that作宾语补足语)。动名词短语作主语时，常用于以下句式：It is/wasdoing sth.It was no use sending him to hospital.送他到医院没有用。Its no good trying (try) to talk me out of leaving.想说服我不要离开是没用的。 (教材P35)Well，its time for me to go好了，我该走了。要点提炼i

30、ts time for me to go属于“Its time(for sb.)不定式”句型，该句型表示“某人该做了”。该句型的同义表达为“Its(high/about)time that sb.should do/did sth.”。Its time for sth.该做某事了Its(high/about)time that.从句用一般过去时或“should动词原形”，should一般不省略。Its time for us to reform.到了该改革的时候了。Its about time that we studied/should study hard到了我们该努力学习的时候了。1(教

31、材P34)Waled，why dont you tell her about the British teacher who opened the present as soon as he received it at the endofterm ceremony?分析本句是复合句。who引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词the British teacher；as soon as引导时间状语从句。翻译瓦利德，你为什么不给她讲一讲那位在期末典礼上一收到礼物就打开的英国老师的事呢？2(教材P34)Another difference is that while we serve food，soft

32、drinks，tea and coffee，alcohol is not permitted at the wedding receptionin fact，alcohol is altogether prohibited in Brunei.分析本句是一个复合句。that引导的是表语从句，在这个从句中，while引导的是让步状语从句。翻译另外一个区别就是我们虽然供应食物、软饮料、茶和咖啡，但是在婚宴上不许饮酒事实上，在文莱白酒是完全被禁止的。3(教材P35)But what is really interesting is that there are sometimes great cul

33、tural differences even between native English speakers.分析what is really interesting是主语从句；that引导的是表语从句。翻译但真正有趣的是，即使在以英语为母语的人们之间有时候也存在着很大的文化差异。.单句语法填空1They exchanged greetings (greeting) and sat down to lunch.2Every few years，the coal workers have their lungs Xrayed to ensure (ensure) their health.3It

34、s high time that we students worked/should work (work) even harder at our lessons as the examination is coming nearer.4It is reported that a city in Italy intends to prohibit women from wearing miniskirts.5She was a person accustomed to having (have) eight hours sleep a night.6Our team has just defe

35、ated the Rockets.We will have a party tonight. Congratulations (congratulation)!7He talked of other cultures as if they were more familiar to him than his own.8This free gift doesnt look good.No offence (offend)，Madam，but if you want good quality，you have to pay for it.9It took her a while to adjust

36、 to living (live)alone after the divorce(离婚)10The smartphone I bought yesterday is similar to yours.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1I got that job I wanted at the public library.Congratulations on you！Thats good news.onto2Its time to the meeting.tofor3It was no use to send him to hospital.to sendsending4Well discus

37、s both issues time permits.permitspermitting5We must adjust us to the new environment as soon as possible.usourselves.完成句子1做这种事情是浪费时间。It is a waste of time doing such a thing(do)2到了我们该采取措施保护环境的时候了。Its(high/about)time that we took/should take measures to protect the environment.(take)3如果没有，我只好将就了。If there isnt one，I shall have to do without it(do)4我已经渐渐地习惯了市中心的嘈杂生活。I have gradually adjusted myself to the noisy life downtown.(adjust)5实际上我对当地的法律并不熟。I am not really familiar with the local laws.(familiar)