2019-2020同步译林英语选修十一新突破讲义：Unit 1 Section Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points .doc

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1、Section Welcome to the unit & ReadingLanguage points reflect vt.& vi.反射(光、热、声或影像)；考虑；表达(教材P2)The last year of high school is a time for hard work and also a time to reflect.高中最后一年是勤奋学习的时刻，也是认真思考的时刻。His face was reflected in the mirror.镜子中映出他的脸。Does this letter reflect how you really think?这封信反映你的真实想

2、法吗？reflect back 反射回来reflect.in 通过反映； 在中反射或反映出reflect on/upon 反省；考虑reflection n. 映象，倒影；深思，考虑；反射；回响The condition of the house is reflected in its low price.这所房子的状况可以通过其低廉的价格反映出来。(2019全国卷)“I reflect on how my days gone and think about the rest of the week，”he said.“我回想一下我的一天是怎样过的，并为这周的其余几天作打算”。他说。A mom

3、ents reflection will show you are wrong.只要略加考虑就可看出你错了。完成句子我需要时间来思考你的建议。I need some time to your suggestion.大海反射出明亮的阳光。The sea the bright sunlight.军事力量的均势的变化也在国际金融界得到了反映。The shift in the balance of forces international finance，too.【答案】reflect on/uponreflects backis reflected in (教材P2)When choosing a

4、career，you should consider all the aspects of a job.当你选择一个职业时，你应该考虑这个工作的每一方面。【要点提炼】when choosing为“连词分词”结构，这个结构补充完整应该为when you are choosing，在状语从句中，如果主从句主语一致或从句主语是it，并且从句的谓语动词有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。When crossing the road，you should be careful.过马路的时候，你要小心点。Once bitten by a snake，one should be taken to h

5、ospital immediately.一旦被蛇咬，就应当立刻被送往医院。完成句子过街时注意车辆。Look out for vehicles 有人问她时，她说她将要退休。 ，she said that she was going to retire.【答案】when crossing the streetWhen asked suited adj.合适；适当(教材P2)In this article，I am going to discuss some of the choices available to you and which jobs are best suited to you：p

6、opular careers，more unusual jobs or everyday jobs.在本文中，我将谈论一些你可以选择的工作以及你更适合做热门工作、特殊工作还是普通工作这个问题。Jim and Mary seem suited to each other，in spite of their quarrels.吉姆和玛丽虽然常争吵，可两人看起来很相配。He was not really suited for army life.他不太适合军队生活。be suited to/for适合；对来说适合be suited to do sth. 适合做某事suit v. 适合于(某人)；使满

7、意n. 一套衣服suit.to. 使与相适合The man is not suited to be a teacher.The man is not suited for/to teaching.这个人不适合教书。These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.这些式样可以加以更改，以适合个人的喜好。用suit的适当形式填空The program is not for children.The piece of cloth will cut up into three A good teacher his lessons to the

8、 age of his students.【答案】suitedsuitssuits (教材P2)Some jobs may seem very dull but are very important to society，while others can appear very exciting but are actually very difficult and boring.有一些工作可能看上去很枯燥，但对社会却非常重要；而另外一些工作可能看上去很令人振奋，但实际上很难做，并且无聊。【要点提炼】while作并列连词用，意为“而，然而”，表前后意义上的对比或转折。Theres plenty

9、 of rain in the southeast，while theres little in the northeast.东南部雨量充足，而东北部则很少下雨。Some people waste food while others havent enough.有些人浪费食物，然而有些人却吃不饱。while引导时间状语从句时，从句中的谓语动词应用延续性动词或表示状态的词。while引导让步状语从句时，多用于句首。意为“尽管；虽然”。while可用作名词，意为“一会儿；一段时间”。While he loves his students，he is very strict with them.虽然

10、他爱他的学生，可是他对他们很严格。I havent seen her for a long while.我好久没有看见她了。完成句子有些人喜欢咖啡，而有些人喜欢茶。Some people like coffee， 当讨论还在进行时，乔治走了进来。 ，George came in.【答案】while others like teaWhile the discussion was still going on (教材P2)In reality，these people have to spend long hours travelling，with all their baggage packed

11、 in suitcases or trunks，and only a very small number of them are successful.实际上，这些人不得不把所有的行李都塞进手提箱或大箱子，花很长时间在路上奔波，而且其中只有极少数是成功的。(1)in reality事实上；实际上The house looks very old，but in reality it is quite new.这房子看起来很旧，实际上却很新。The people here dont believe him in reality.事实上这里的人都不相信他。in realityin fact 事实上，实

12、际上turn sth.into reality 把变成现实become a realitycome true 变成现实real adj. 真实的，实际存在的，非凭空想象的realize vt. 实现，使成为现实Our company didnt lose money in the financial crisis；in fact，we made a profit.在这次金融危机中，我们公司没有亏损，事实上我们还盈利了。【提示】同义词：actually，in fact，in nature，in practice，as a matter of fact。句型转换We thought he was

13、serious but actually he was joking.We thought he was serious but he was joking.【答案】in reality/in fact/in nature/in practice/as a matter of fact(2)【要点提炼】英语中的with复合结构，即with宾语宾语补足语。with their luggage packed属于“with宾语过去分词”结构，在句中作状语，表伴随。luggage与pack构成动宾关系或者说是被动关系，所以使用with sth.done结构。With nothing left to b

14、urn，the fire became weak and died out.因为没有东西可烧，火势减弱，逐渐熄灭。with名词分词/分词短语。判断用现在分词还是过去分词，应根据名词与分词之间的关系。如果名词与分词之间是主动关系就用现在分词；若名词与分词之间是被动关系，则用过去分词。with名词不定式。不定式表示尚未发生的动作。此结构中不定式与名词之间存在动宾关系，但不定式多用主动式。with名词介词短语/形容词/副词。With so many people communicating in English every day，it will become more and more impor

15、tant to have a good knowledge of English.有那么多的人天天用英语交流，熟练掌握英语会变得越来越重要。With a lot of homework to do，I cant play football with my friends.有这么多的作业要做，我不能跟朋友们踢足球。Dont stand with your hands in your pockets.站着的时候别把双手插在口袋里。The square looks even more beautiful with all lights on.所有的灯都亮着，广场显得更加漂亮。完成句子贼被双手捆绑着带

16、进了派出所。The thief was taken into the police station with 有许多事要处理，我不得不夜以继日地工作。With ，I have to work day and night.她开着窗户睡觉。She sleeps with 【答案】his hands tied backmany things to deal withthe window open deal with处理；对待；论述；涉及(教材P2)Meanwhile those who are successful and famous have to deal with constant medi

17、a attention.与此同时，那些成功并出了名的人还要应对无休止的媒体的关注。We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.我们或许有不同的方法来应付这种情况。This book deals with problems of pollution.这本书论述污染问题。deal in 从事于；经营；做买卖deal out 分配；给予；执行deal well with sb. 待某人好That shop deals in mens clothing.那家商店经营男士服装。A judge must deal out justice t

18、o all men，neednt he? 法官必须对每个人都公正，不是吗？【提示】deal with作“对付，处理”之意时，可用于各种句型中，而do with只有和what连用时才能表示“怎样处理”的意思，其他情况下的do with不表示此意。所以在表示“怎样处理”时，do with与what连用，而deal with则与how搭配使用。deal的过去式和过去分词都是dealt。完成句子那件事需要处理了。That matter needs 他在大会上做了一次演讲，谈民间音乐。He made a speech at the conference， folk music.这个问题你怎样处理？How

19、 do you this problem？What do you this problem?【答案】to be dealt with/dealing withdealing withdeal with；do with pressure n压力；压迫(教材P2)They are also under huge pressure to appear young and beautiful.她们为显得年轻漂亮也承受着巨大的压力。He changed his mind under the pressure from others.他在别人的逼迫之下改变了主意。The economic pressure

20、s on small businesses are intense.小企业的经济压力很大。under pressure在压力下put pressure on 给施加压力relieve/reduce pressure on 缓解某人的压力give in to pressure 屈从于压力Several factors will put pressure on food prices.给食品价格造成压力的因素有好几个。Soft plastic base can relieve pressure on foot and reduce tiredness.柔软的塑胶底可以缓解足部压力，从而减轻疲劳。完

21、成句子我们将永不屈从于压力。We will never 你在压力下能做得很出色吗？Can you work well ？我们试图对政府施加压力以使其改变这一法令。We are trying to the government to change the law.【答案】give in to pressureunder pressureput pressure on option n选择；选修课；供选择的事物(教材P2)Maybe a career as a local grocer would be a better option.可能做一名当地杂货店的店主是更好的选择。You will ha

22、ve to pay them；you have no option.你必须付给他们钱，别无选择。The government has two options：to reduce spending or to increase taxes.政府有两种选择的办法：或是减少开支，或是增加税收。have no option but to (do) 除了以外没有他法；只好leave to ones option 任由某人选择have the option of doing sth. 可以选择做某事optional adj. 任意的；随意的He has no option but to pay up.他别

23、无选择，只能付账。You have the option of taking your holiday early.你可以选择提前度假。The goods are optional，but only one.这些物品是可以随意挑选，但只能选一件。【提示】have no option but to do sth.have no choice/alternative but to do sth.完成句子我们别无选择，只好留下他们，自己离开。We without them.说到数学，你没有选择的余地，因为它不是选修课。When it comes to maths，you have no becaus

24、e it is not an subject.【答案】had no option/choice/alternative but to leaveoption；optional (教材P3) As we go through our daily lives，we meet many different kinds of people .and cleaners，who clear up our rubbish.在我们所经历的日常生活中，我们接触到许多不同种类的人，及清理我们的垃圾的清洁工。(1)go through 遭受；经历；仔细检查；完成；通过某场所The river goes throug

25、h the city.这条河流穿过这个城市。With great concentration she went through the movements.她聚精会神地做完这些动作。As you go through this book，you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War had a different experience.当你读这本书时，你就会发现那些经历第二次世界大战的数百万人中的每一个人都有不同的经历。go down 下降；倒下go with 伴随；跟相配；协调go

26、against 违背；反对；抵抗go in for 参加；喜欢Thatll go against the traffic regulations.那要违反交通规则的。用适当的介词或副词填空They went our luggage at the customs.Ill go him as far as the bus stop.If they want to go on working，they will have to accept that pay can go as well as up.【答案】throughwithdown(2)clear up 整理；收拾；(天气)转晴；消除Woul

27、d you clear up this room before our visitors arrive?客人到来之前，请拾掇一下这个房间好吗？The sky is dark now，but I think it will clear up soon.现在天色阴沉，不过我想马上就会转晴的。They hope to clear the matter up quickly.他们希望迅速把这事弄清楚。clear away 收拾干净(餐具)；扫除；消散clear off 清理；清算(债务)；(使)离开clear out 清除；使耗尽全部钱财；售出存货The football match came to

28、an end，and the crowd soon cleared away from the ground.足球赛结束了，人群很快从球场散去。Go into the field and clear those boys off.到田里去，把那些男孩赶走。Clear out things in this cupboard，please.请把这个橱柜里的东西都清除掉。完成句子吃完晚饭后，请你将厨房收拾干净。When you finish your dinner，please .天空正慢慢变得晴朗了。The sky is 雾消散了，整个月亮出现了。The fog and the full moon

29、 appeared.【答案】clear up the kitchenclearing upcleared away go about忙于某事；继续做某事；着手做某事；到处走动；流传；改变方向(教材P3)These people，who perform such ordinary but vital tasks，allow others to go about their daily lives.这些人做着此类平凡却不可少的工作，使其他人得以继续他们的日常生活。The way in which youll go about the task really matters.你做这件事要采用的方法的

30、确很重要。How shall I go about finding a job?我们该怎样着手找份工作呢？go by 经过；(时间，机会)过去go out 出去；熄灭；被发行；发出；送出go over 复习；检查go through 经过；审查；经历；完成；仔细察看A story is going about that our town will soon be turned into a city.据说我们这个镇不久就会变为城市。Time went by slowly.时间慢慢逝去。One of the planes engines went out.飞机的一个发动机熄火了。用适当的介词或副

31、词填空Youre not going that job in the right way.She went the room but couldnt find the missing ring.All the invitations for the party have now gone 【答案】aboutthroughout (教材P3)All of them together，though，help society function然而，所有这些工作加在一起，有助于社会的运作。(1)【要点提炼】本句中though 用作副词，意为“可是；不过”，一般放在句末(不放在句首)。He looks

32、fit，though.但他看起来很健康。though还可用作连词，表示“虽然”，与although大致同义，可换用，只是 although 比 though 更为正式。though 引导的让步状语从句可用部分倒装的形式(注意：倒装后位于句首的名词之前不用冠词)，但 although 不这样用。Though/Although it was raining，we went there.虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那儿。Child though he was，he did quite well.他虽是孩子，但干得很好。【提示】although 不用作副词，而 though 可用作副词。在 as tho

33、ugh(好像，仿佛)，even though(即使，纵然)等固定短语中不能用 although代替though。用though和although填空 we are poor，we are still happy.You can count on him， He is an honest man，I must say，even I have opposed him.Poor I am，I can afford it.【答案】Though/Althoughthoughthoughthough(2)function vi.工作；运行；起作用n.功能；作用；职责The machine will not

34、 function properly if it is not kept welloiled.机器没有上好油，就不会正常地运转。They have the functions and powers in their hands.他们手里掌握着职权。function well顺利运行function normally/properly 正常运转play/perform an important function 起重大作用All the instruments were functioning normally.所有的仪器都在正常工作。When nutrients are in short supply the body cannot function properly.营养不足时，身体就不能正常运转。完成句子这台机器有毛病。The machine doesnt .手机在现代生活中正起着重要的作用。The mobile phone is in the modern life.【答案】function well/normally/properlyplaying/performing an important function