2019-2020同步译林英语选修十一新突破讲义：Unit 4 Section Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points .doc

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1、Section Welcome to the unit & ReadingLanguage points (教材P49)Students studying engineering often have to make models.学习工程学的学生经常不得不制作模型。【要点提炼】句中studying engineering为现在分词作定语，修饰主语students。This is a very charming village.这是一座迷人的村庄。There is a door leading to the garden.这里有一扇通往花园的门。单个的现在分词作定语时，它总是位于被修饰的名词之

2、前，说明被修饰名词的性质或特征等。但如果是现在分词短语作定语，则总是位于所修饰的名词之后。现在分词的被动式一般都不能用作前置定语，只能作后置定语。现在分词作定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，或表示某个经常性的动作或状态。如果定语的动作发生在主句之前，一般不能用现在分词形式作定语，而要用定语从句，如果定语的动作发生在主句之后常用定语从句或不定式表示。The house being painted will be completed next week.正在被粉刷的房子将在下周完成。(误)The man coming here yesterday will give u

3、s a talk.(正)The man who came here yesterday will give us a talk.昨天来的那个人将给我们作个报告。【提示】过去分词，现在分词的被动式与不定式的被动式都可作定语，其区别主要体现在动作发生的时间上。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。现在分词的被动式作定语时，表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。完成句子有些小孩在河里游泳。There were some children .他是一个深受大家喜爱和尊重的人。He is a man .我们必须把

4、现在正在讨论的事情作为一个秘密。We must keep a secret of the things now.明年要建设的大楼将用作办公楼。The building next year will be used as the office building.【答案】swimming in the riverloved and respected by allbeing discussedto be built used to do.过去时常 (而现在不再)做(教材P50)I think some of you might remember me，as I used to be the cap

5、tain of the school football team.我认为你们中的一些人有可能记得我，因为我曾是学校足球队的队长。Our dog，Rex，used to sit outside our front gate and bark.我们的狗雷克斯过去常蹲在大门外吠叫。There used to be low and dirty houses.那里曾是些矮小而肮脏的房舍。used to do.只有过去时，指过去的习惯和状态，其疑问和否定有两种形式：疑问形式：Did sb. use to或Used sb. to否定形式：used not to do或didnt use to doDid y

6、ou use to play cricket at school？ Used you to play cricket at school?你过去在学校里玩板球吗？I didnt use to like opera，but Im getting interested. I used not to like opera，but now Im getting interested.我过去不喜欢歌剧，但是现在慢慢地感兴趣了。used to do./be used to (doing) sth./be used to do. used to do.“过去常常做(现在不做了)”，只用于过去时态。be us

7、ed to (doing) sth.“习惯于做”，可用于现在、过去、将来等多种时态，be可以用get，become等来代替。be used to do.“被用来做”，不定式表示目的，可以用于多种时态。He used to get up early.过去他总早起。(现在不这样了)He will be used to getting up early.他将会习惯于早起。Wood is used to make paper.木材被用来造纸。完成句子用金属棒把门撬开。A metal bar the door open.在那里住了两年后，他已习惯了寒冷的天气。He the cold weather af

8、ter he lived there for two years.他们过去住在农村。They in the countryside.【答案】was used to forcewas used toused to live preview n预告，预览；预展；试映；预演(教材P50)I am writing this article to give you a quick preview of what to expect from university life either in China or abroad.我写这篇文章是为了让你们提前迅速了解可以期待从大学生活中得到什么。无论是在中国国

9、内还是在国外。They attended a sneak preview of the winter fashion collection.他们参观了一次对内的冬季时装预展。 We saw a preview of the new movie.我们看了这部新电影的试映。give sb.a quick preview让某人提前迅速了解一下a preview of new books 新书预告preview vt. 预览，预习；预演；试映(电影)The play is due to be previewed tonight.这出戏定于今晚试演。Youd better preview the tex

10、t before class.你最好在课前预习课文。完成句子我们将让你提前迅速了解一些例子。We will some examples.这场话剧正预演，下个月公演。The drama is and is going to open to public next month.【答案】give you a quick preview ofbeing previewed (教材P50)I had to decide which university to apply to and what course to study，and then I needed to get a passport and

11、 visa to study abroad.我得决定申请哪所大学、学习什么课程，然后我还需要办理出国学习的护照和签证。(1)apply v适用，应用，使用；申请；致力于We should try to learn economic theory and apply it.我们应努力学习经济理论并应用它。He has applied to the bank for a loan.他已向银行申请了贷款。be applied to 适用于；应用于； 施加于apply for 申请；请求得到apply oneself to 致力于；集中精力做某事apply sth.to 把施于； 把运用于apply

12、to 向申请/要求；适用于；运用于I want to apply for the job.我想申请这项工作。The club applied the rules to new members only.俱乐部仅对新会员实行这些规定。He applied himself to his new duties with great energy.他以极大的热情投入到新的工作中去。完成句子我们必须全力想出一个解决的办法。We must apply ourselves a solution.我打算申请他们登广告的那份工作。Im going to the job they advertised.这样他们就

13、能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。In this way they can better theory practice.【答案】to findingapply forapply；to(2)course n课程；进程，过程；航向，航线；一道菜It took him five years to complete the course.他用了5年的时间修完这门课程。We changed course and sailed towards land.我们改变航线，将船驶向陆地。In the normal course of events，such problems do not arise.在正常情况下

14、，这些问题是不会出现的。during/in the course of 在过程中，在时期of course 当然change course 改变航向a selected course 选修课a dinner of five courses 有五菜的正餐In the course of time，I began to understand.随着时间的流逝，我开始明白了。Of course，he would be ashamed to borrow often.当然，常常向人借钱他自己也会惭愧的。完成句子这是一次改变历史进程的事件。This was an event that changed .在

15、学习过程中他们提出很多问题。 they brought up many questions.当然，他非常有礼貌，但我就是有些不喜欢他的举止。He was quite polite， ，but somehow I didnt like his manner.【答案】the course of historyDuring/In the course of studyof course decide on 决定，选定，确定；考虑后决定(教材P50)After looking through numerous brochures and college catalogues，I decided on

16、the University of Calgary，where I chose to study psychology，which is the study of the mind and how it influences behaviour.浏览了大量的宣传册和学校课程目录后，我决定选择卡尔加里大学学习心理学。心理学是研究思维以及思维如何影响行为的学科。OK，I have decided on buying the jacket.How much is it?好吧，我已经决定买这件夹克衫了。多少钱？He has decided on where to go.他已经决定去哪儿了。decide

17、 against决心不，决定不采取，决定 反对，判决某人败诉decide for/in favor of 做出有利于的决定，赞成 做某事，判决某人胜诉decide between 于两者中选择其一decide to do sth. 决定做某事They will decide for voting against him.他们决定投票反对他。At the meeting we decided against carrying out the plan.在会上我们决定不执行这项计划。用适当的介词完成句子Peter decided buying a blue sweater at last.It i

18、s difficult to decide the two opinions.We decide buying the TV set because of shortage of money.【答案】onbetweenagainst mean v意思是；意为，意欲；怀有某目的；打算(教材P50)Moving to Canada meant making some big adjustments to my life.移居加拿大意味着要对我的生活做出一些大的调整。(2019全国卷)It meant any inexpensive newspaper；perhaps more importantl

19、y it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.它意味着任何便宜的报纸；或许更重要的是，它意味着能在街头一份份购买的报纸。mean to do sth.打算做某事mean (doing) sth. 意味着做某事be meant to do 按照道理或按照规矩应该mean adj. 吝啬的；卑鄙的；低微的be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄I meant to give you this book this morning，but I forgot it.我本想今天早晨把这本书给你的，但我忘记

20、了。We were meant to be together.我们注定要在一起的。He is so mean to his mother!他对他妈妈太刻薄了！完成句子整天玩意味着浪费时间。Playing all day 如果我的话伤害了你，请你原谅，我是无意的。Im sorry if my words hurt you.I .你不该做那个。You are not that.【答案】means wasting timedidnt mean tomeant to do (教材P50)Although I knew everybody has to leave their nest at some

21、point，leaving my family was the hardest part，and some people cannot handle being away from home.尽管我知道每个人到一定时候都不得不离开自己的“窝”，但是离家别亲是最艰难的，有些人无法应付背井离乡的生活。(1)at some point 在某个时刻Im sure that will change at some point.我肯定这种情形会在某个时候变化的。At some point，everyone needs to decide which career he or she is going to

22、 pursue.每个人都得在某个阶段选择自己今后所要追求的事业。at one point 一度at this point 这时at that point 那个时候In addition，what he gains at one point he loses at another.且得之于此者，又失之于彼。It was at that point that I saw him leave.就在那个时候我看见他走了。完成句子将来某个时候你很可能会卖掉这辆车。You will probably sell the car in the future.这时候谈话中断了。The conversation

23、broke down 【答案】at some pointat this point(2)handle v处理，应付；操作 n柄；把手How do you normally handle criticism?你通常如何处理别人的批评？Do you know how to handle the machine?你知道怎样操作这台机器吗？She turned the handle but the door wouldnt open.她旋动把手，但门就是打不开。handle sb.kindly/well 善待某人handle a machine 操作机器handle.with. 以处理Handle w

24、ith care! 小心轻放！Industrial management is a vital issue and it must be handled well.企业管理是一件大事，一定要认真搞好。She handled the crisis with total assurance.她十分沉着地应对这场危机。完成句子他聪明的父亲知道如何管教他。His wise father knows him.这个花瓶易碎，拿的时候小心一点儿。This vase is fragile，please 【答案】how to handlehandle it with care regularly adv.按时；

25、定期；有规律地(教材P50)To help myself adjust，I set up email addresses for my mum and dad so that I could email them regularly.为了让自己适应，我给爸爸、妈妈建立了电子邮件地址，这样我就可以定期地给他们发电子邮件。I will write to you regularly when I go abroad.我出国后会定期写信给你。Any worker who is regularly late will soon be brought to book.很快就要让每一个经常迟到的工人受到惩罚

26、。regular adj.定期的；有规律的；经常的keep regular hours 作息有规律；过有规律的生活a regular customer 老主顾regular n. 常客，老主顾；正规兵We have regular meetings every Monday.每星期一我们会定期开会。The waiter knows all the regulars by name.服务员叫得出所有常客的名字。完成句子我答应要定期写信。I promised that I would 由于工作性质的关系，他们只得按时作息。They are forced to by the nature of th

27、eir job.【答案】write regularlykeep regular hours (教材P50)However，during my first year at university，I was so busy studying and meeting new people that I did not write to my family as often as I should have然而，在大学第一年，我忙于学习和结交新的朋友，我给家里写电子邮件的次数没有我应该写的那么多。【要点提炼】as often as I should haveas often as I should h

28、ave written，as.as表示同级比较，中间用形容词、副词的原级。I havent got as much money as I thought.我没有得到想象中的那么多钱。The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as he can.The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as possible.老师在黑板上应尽可能仔细地把字写好。Please be as friendly as possible to

29、your friends.Please be as friendly as you can to your friends.请对你的朋友尽可能友好。完成句子他开得尽可能快。He drove 我们需要尽可能多的唱片。We need 你应该尽可能地经常读报纸杂志。You should read a newspaper or a magazine 【答案】as fast as he couldas many records as possibleas often as you can put something away 积蓄；攒钱；把收起来；把放回原处(教材P51)I think it is a

30、good idea to put some of your money away each week to make it last.我认为每周存一些钱以维持开支是个好主意。The fruit should be carefully put away.水果应小心存放起来。She has got a few thousand pounds put away for her retirement.她已经存了几千英镑以备退休之用。put sth. about 传播，散布(消息，谣言)put sth. behind sb. 把(不快的感受)置于脑后put sth. down 写下，记录，登记put s

31、th. forward 提出(计划，建议，理论)put sth. off 推迟；拖延They have tried to put their grief behind them and rebuild their lives.他们千方百计的把悲痛置于脑后，重建生活。They cant put off a decision much longer.他们无法把决定再继续拖下去了。完成句子他正在把一些想法写在纸上。Hes a few thoughts on paper.不要相信所有这些谣传。Dont believe all these stories that are .她洗完杯子后便把他们收了起来

32、。She washed the cups and them 他提出一项计划交由全体委员审议。He a plan for the committee to consider.【答案】putting；downbeing put aboutput；awayput forward furnished adj.配备家具的(教材P51)My room was only partly furnished and had no bathroom it just had a basin and a hook for a towel.我的房间里只有部分家具，没有洗澡间只有一个盆和挂毛巾的钩子。Our boss l

33、ives in a fully furnished house.我们的老板住在一个家具摆设齐全的房子里。Each of the ten bedrooms is individually furnished.十个卧室都配有各自的家具。furnish vt.陈设，布置，装修；提供furnish.with. 用布置/装备；为某人提供某物furnish.to/for 为提供be furnished with 备有，安装有furniture n. 家具We propose to furnish our own house according to our own taste.我们建议按自己的爱好布置自己

34、的房子。That shop furnishes everything that is needed for camping.这家店铺供应野营所需的一切物品。【提示】furniture为不可数名词，不能和不定冠词a连用，也没有复数形式。如表示一件或几件家具，则要用a piece/pieces of furniture或an article/articles of furniture；一套家具，要用a set of furniture。完成句子这张旧的中国八仙桌是一件很珍贵的家具。The old Chinese square table is a very valuable 他们租了一套带有家具的

35、公寓房子。Theyve rented 那园丁向我提供了必要的信息。The gardener the necessary information.【答案】piece of furniturea furnished flatfurnished me with dive (right) in 热切地开始做某事(教材P51)Going to university is an adventure，so you should not be afraid，but just dive right in.上大学是一次历险，所以你不应该害怕，而是积极加入其中。Harvey dived in with severa

36、l questions.哈维急切地问了几个问题。Lets dive right in and start answering these questions.让我们马上开始回答这些问题吧！dive v 跳水；潜水；头向下钻 n潜水，跳水dive for 为潜水dive into 跳入；钻进；冲进；埋头于make a dive for 向冲去The swimmer dived into the river to save the drowning child.这位游泳者跳入河里去营救那个溺水的小孩。The men are diving for pearls.这些人正在潜水采集珍珠。完成句子趁饭凉

37、之前大家吃吧！ ，everybody，before the dinner cools down!他想要探究事情的真相。He wanted to the heart of the matter.海鸥游泳非常棒，但他们不经常为捕鱼而游。Seagulls swim well，but they do not often fish.【答案】Dive indive intodive for (教材P51)My advice to you is to prepare and think ahead so that you can have an easier time in making the chang

38、e from home to university.我给你的建议是提前准备和预先考虑，以便你会更容易的完成从家到大学的过渡。【要点提炼】be to prepare表示按计划安排准备，动词不定式作表语。be to do结构可表达如下意义：表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作；表示命令、禁止或可能性；表示注定要发生的事情；用于条件句中，侧重于表示按计划、安排的将来动作。Where are we to stay tonight?今晚我们住哪儿？You are not to stand here.你不可以站在这儿。Youll have to pay more if you are to have anoth

39、er drink.要想再喝一杯你得多付钱。will/shall/be going to/be doing/be about towill/shall表示纯粹的将来或临时做出的决定，也可表示一种必然趋势。be going to指打算、准备做的事或根据判断肯定要发生的事，而be to do则不能表示不受人们意志控制的将来动作。be doing指最近按计划、安排要做的事，常常带时间状语，多用于go，come，leave，start，arrive，stay，meet，get等动词。be about to单纯表示即将发生的动作，常与when连用，意为“这时”，但不与时间状语连用。I will go to

40、 visit him now.我现在要去看他。Its going to snow.要下雪了。Im meeting Peter tonight.Hes taking me to the theatre.今天晚上我要跟彼得会面，他将带我去剧院。完成句子长大后你要做什么？What when you grow up?我正想讲，史密斯先生就插嘴了。I speak when Mr.Smith cut in.他不是星期六来， 就是星期天来。He either on Saturday or on Sunday.爱迪生注定要成为一个伟大的发明家。Edison a great inventor.【答案】are y

41、ou going to bewas about tois comingwas to become terrify vt.使恐惧；使惊吓(教材P53)My parents wanted me to study in Canada，but the idea simply terrified me.我父母想要我到加拿大学习，这种想法吓坏我了。Flying terrifies her.她害怕坐飞机。That sort of thing terrifies people.那样的事令人感到恐怖。terrify (sb.) into doing sth.威胁(某人)做某事terrified adj. 恐惧的

42、terrifying adj. 令人恐惧的be terrified of/at 害怕What a terrifying experience!多么可怕的经历啊！She was absolutely terrified at the thought of jumping off the bridge.她想到从桥上跳下去就感到非常恐惧。The gunmans threat terrified her into handing over the money.持枪歹徒的威胁迫使她把钱交了出来。用terrify的适当形式填空I feel extremely when I hear his scream.Death is not ，what us most is the imagination about death.【答案】terrified；terrifyingterrifying；terrifies