2019-2020学年新人教版高练习：必修2 阅读理解（二）.doc

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1、阅读理解（二）1、 Is dark chocolate healthy? Yes,dark chocolate has compounds(化合物) that offer health benefits and can be enjoyed without guilt, even on a daily basis. But the amount matters, since too many bites can contribute to extra fat, sugar and calories and get rid of its health benefits.Dark chocolat

2、e is rich in cocoa, which contains compounds known as flavanols(黄烷醇). At high levels, cocoa flavanols have been shown to help lower blood pressure and the risk of diabetes. Dark chocolate has the highest amount of cocoa flavanols: milk chocolate has lens, and white chocolate has none. But while coco

3、a flavanols in dark chocolate make it a healthful treat they give it a biter flavor. Producers may process chocolate to make it more delicious, but doing so can remove some of these beneficial compounds,said Matt Hartings, an American professor. In spite of this,dark chocolate is still a healthier c

4、hoice than milk chocolate, which tends to have more sugar. Additionally, cocoa powder contains minerals. So you can enjoy a piece of dark chocolate even after a meal. Just keep the following in mind. First, buy chocolate that has at least 60% cocoa. Generally speaking,the higher the percentage, the

5、more flavanols. These higher-percentage chocolates have the added benefit over the lower percentages and milk and white chocolates because they contain less sugar and less fat,” Hartings said. Second, if possible, choose natural cocoa over Dutch processed cocoa, which is treated with an alkali(碱). T

6、his gives chocolate a milder flavor but removes healthful flavanols. And finally, to keep weight in check, limit to 30 grams of dark chocolate daily, or about 150 calories.1.Dark chocolate is healthy mainly because of the existence of_.A.rich mineralsB.less sugarC.cocoa flavanolsD.fewer calories2.Wh

7、at does the underlined word “treat” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Something enjoyable.B.A salt-free diet.C.Food paid by others.D.A cure for an illness.3.What can we learn from the text?A.Cocoa flavanols leads to high blood pressure.B.White chocolate is good for health.C.One can feel free to eat dark chocola

8、te.D.Alkali can affect flavanols content.4.Whats the authors purpose in writing the text?A.To show his love for dark chocolate.B.To promote the sales of chocolate.C.To provide facts about dark chocolate.D.To make a distinction among chocolates.2、 Many of us have reached in our pockets,feeling a vibr

9、ation(振动), wrongly believing our mobile phones have just rung. The phenomenon even has a name: phantom vibration syndromeand found it is surprisingly common. Now scientists believe that we are so alert(警觉) for phone calls and messages we are misinterpreting slight muscle spasms(痉挛) as proof of a cal

10、l. Robert Rosenberger, an assistant professor at the Georgia Tech Institute of Technology has studied the delusional calls. He said sufferers describe a vague tingling feeling which they think is their mobile phone indicating it has received a text message or call while on “silent”. But when the dev

11、ice is retrieved,there was no one on the other end. Dr. Rosenberger said, “ I find so many people say, This happens to me, but I thought I was the only one. I thought I was odd.” It seems that the syndrome particularly affects people at the beck and call of mobile phones or pagers. A 2010 study by M

12、ichael Rothberg and colleagues found that nearly 70 per cent of doctors at a hospital in Massachusetts suffered phantom vibrations. A more recent study of US college students found the figure was as high as 90 per cent. While the odd feeling is widespread, it does not seem to be considered a grave p

13、roblem. Dr. Rosenberger said,“Its not actually a syndrome in a technical sense. Thats just the name thats got stuck to it. He added, “Only 2 per cent of people consider it a problem. While widespread, the scientific community has not yet invested much effort in getting to the bottom of why we suffer

14、 phantom calls. Dr. Rosenberger said, People are guessing it has something to do with nervous energy. The cognitive(认知的) scientists are talking about brain chemistry, cognitive pathways changing. But its not like they have brain scans to go on. He said, “We have a phone call in our pocket all the ti

15、me and it becomes sort of an extension of ourselves. We have this sort of readiness to experience a call. We feel something and we think, OK, that could be a call.”1.Why do some people mistake slight muscle spasms for a call?A.They all have a vivid imagination.B.They are sensitive to calls and messa

16、ges.C.There are few calls and messages in their life.D.Sight muscle spasms affect them more than other people.2.Which of the following are more likely to have phantom vibration syndrome than others?A.Doctors.B.University professors.C.College students.D.The cognitive scientists.3.In Dr. Rosenbergers

17、opinion, phantom vibration syndrome_.A.isnt a kind of disease actuallyB.is considered a problem by most peopleC.is a serious problem ignored by peopleD.has something to do with brain chemistry3、 It goes without saying, but bears repeating, there are too many cats and dogs without homes. While there

18、are countless shelters and rescue centers that exist, some potential pet owners look to pet shops to find their furry friends. All too often, however, these animals come from puppy and kitten mills (繁殖场) that treat the creatures in cruel ways. San Francisco, however, is doing their part to stop this

19、 abuse with pet store adoption. Officials recently voted to ban the sale of non-rescue dogs and cats in local shops. The effect is two-fold. One, it will stop the popularity of the large-scale mills, which are famous for the miserable conditions cats and does are kept in. Two, it will help facilitat

20、e the adoption of thousands of animals that are waiting for their forever homes in San Francisco shelters. District 4 Supervisor Katy Tang, who serves on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, supported law-making on the ban. “Dogs and cats sold in pet stores often come from inhumane puppy and kitt

21、en mills that treat animals with no regard for their health or well-being”, she wrote on Facebook. In her message, she also called on the U. S. Agriculture Department to reinstate information on its website that documents these types of animal cruelty casesit was removed earlier this month. San Fran

22、ciscos law-making is a victory for those concerned about animal rights, and they arent the first city to pass this type of measure. Los Angeles, San Diego, Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, and Austin also have similar laws in place, with hopefully more places to follow suit.1.What happened to some dog

23、s and cats before they got in the pet stores?A.They were treated cruelly.B.They were abandoned in streets.C.They received warm welcome.D.They were raised in shelters and rescue centers.2.Which of the following may Katy Tang agree with most?A.People should adopt the dogs and cats.B.Animals are too cr

24、uel to humans being.C.Government can choose to kill all the dogs and cats.D.It is not right to ban the sale of non-rescue dogs and cats in local shops.3.What does the underlined word “reinstate” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.updateB.replaceC.post againD.download4.What does the last paragraph mainly focus on

25、?A.No Chinese city joins this type of movement.B.San Francisco is the last city to ban pet stores.C.Americans care about animals more than humans.D.More and more cities are involved in animal rights.4、 In todays global world, more and more people travel to foreign countries. Cross cultural awareness

26、 and an understanding of foreign etiquette is important if you want to succeed as an international business person. Behaviour that is polite at home may be considered rude in another country. In particular, by learning about dining etiquette and table manners, you can avoid offending people and this

27、 can directly influence your business success. John Smiths book The Perfect Guest is a goldmine of information for the globe - trotting business person. There are chapters dedicated to all the main problem areas of dining etiquette and entertaining in different countries and tips on how to cope with

28、 embarrassing situations. These are some of the areas which are covered in the book. Seating arrangements Whether you are eating at a restaurant or at someones home, there may be a fixed protocol of who sits where. Do men and women sit together? Is there a hierarchy according to age or status? Rules

29、 vary greatly. For example, inKorea, it is customary to offer the best seat to the most senior person; in theUS, there are no specific seating rules. If you dont know where to sit, wait until your host shows you. Conversation Is the dining table the right place to have a conversation or is the meal

30、taken in silence? In France, for instance, the meal is a social affair with loud animated conversations and most topics are acceptable, including business. In Japanor Vietnam, on the other hand, only quiet conversation is acceptable and business is never conducted at the dinner table. Food What type

31、 of food is popular? Is it polite to remark on the food? Should you eat everything or leave some food on your plate? Is it polite to ask for the salt and pepper if it isnt on the table? And how can you deal with a food delicacy that you find disgusting? In Europe, it is polite to eat everything on y

32、our plate whereas this would be considered rude in Egypt. If you clean your plate, it will be filled up again immediately.1.Who is most likely to find the information useful?A.A business person.B.A scientist.C.A student.D.A soldier.2.When you are a guest in the US, where should you sit?A.In the best

33、 seat.B.Where your host shows you to sit.C.Wherever you like.D.Next to the senior.3.You leave food on your plate in Egypt _.A.to show that you have eaten enoughB.so that there arc leftovers for the catC.to show that you dont like the foodD.but it is considered rude4.The passage mainly tells us _.A.c

34、ross cultural dining etiquetteB.cultural differences around the worldC.how to improve cultural awarenessD.why the book is worth buying5、In fairy tales, its usually the princess that needs protecting. At Google in Silicon Valley, the princess is the one defending the castle. Parisa Tabriz is a 31-yea

35、r-old with perhaps the most unique job title in engineering- “Google Security Princess”. Her job is to hack into the most popular web browser (浏览器) on the planet, trying to find weaknesses in the system before the “black hats” do. To defeat Googles attackers, Tabriz must firstly think like them.Tabr

36、izs role has evolved dramatically in the eight years since she first started working at Google. Back then, the young graduate from Illinois University was one of 50 security engineers-today there are over 500.Cybercrime (网络犯罪) has come a long way in the past decade - from the Nigerian Prince Scam to

37、 credit card theft. Tabrizs biggest concern now is the people who find bugs in Googles software, and sell the information to governments or criminals. To fight against this, the company has set up a Vulnerability Rewards Program, paying anywhere from $100 to $ 20,000 for reported mistakes.Its a worl

38、d away from Tabrizs computer-free childhood home in Chicago. The daughter of an Iranian-American doctor father, and Polish-American nurse mother, Tabriz had little contact with computers until she started studying engineering at college. Gaze across a line-up of Google security staff today and youll

39、 find women like Tabriz are few and far between(稀少的) -though in the last few years she has hired more female tech geniuses. She admits theres an obvious gender disequilibrium in Silicon Valley.Funnily enough, during training sessions Tabriz first asks new colleagues to hack into not a computer, but

40、a vending machine. Tabrizs job is as much about technological know-how (专门知识) as understanding the psychology of attackers.1.What can we learn about Tabriz from the passage?A.She was the first female engineer at Google.B.She must think differently so as to defeat the attackers.C.Her job relates to n

41、ot only technology but also psychology.D.Her frequent contact with computers in childhood benefits her a lot.2.Why has Google set up a Vulnerability Rewards Program?A.To protect Google against cybercrime.B.To monitor the normal operation of Google.C.To help the government locate the cybercriminals.D

42、.To raise peoples awareness of personal information safety.3.What does the underlined word “disequilibrium” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A.Imbalance.B.Preference.C.Difference.D.Discrimination.4.Which of the following could be the best title of this passage?A.What leads to cybercrimeB.The Security Princes

43、s who guards GoogleC.Measures taken by Google to protect its usersD.How to become an excellent security engineer6、Over seven months have passed since Panamanian officials launched an expansion of the world famous Panama Canal. Officials agreed to the expansion so that many of the worlds largest carg

44、o ships (货船) could easily pass through the canal. Yet the $ 5.25-billion project has problems. It says ships still continue to rub against the canals walls and wear out its defenses designed to protect both shipping and the waterway.A dangerous system The canal links two oceans-the Atlantic and the

45、Pacific-through a system of locks (船闸). The locks are like steps. They raise and lower ships from one part of the waterway to another on their trip from ocean to ocean. With the old locks, which are still in use, large ships would be tied to powerful engines on both sides. These engines help to keep

46、 the ships in the center of the canal. In the new locks, the ships are tied to tugboats (拖船). One tugboat is tied to the front of the ship, with the other tied to the back. These boats then guide the ships through the canal. At first, pilots of the cargo ships and tugboat operators would sometimes t

47、ry to rub the boats against the canal walls as a way to keep the ships straight. But this caused damage to rubber padding (垫料) lining the walls. Not enough training Even before the expanded canal opened in June 2016, tugboat operators had expressed concern about the new system.Many asked for more tr

48、aining. The fears and dangers remain, although the boats are going through. The Panama Canal Authority reports that, between June 2016 and January 2017, there were only 15 incidents that resulted in damage to locks or ships. That represents about 2 percent of the 700 times ships that have sailed through the expanded canal. Pilots have argued they should be replaced with a system of floating bumpers (减震) like those used in some European loc