2019-2020同步译林英语必修二新突破讲义：Unit 1　Section Ⅱ　Language points（Ⅰ）（Welcome to the unit & Reading） .doc

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1、Section Language points()(Welcometo the unit & Reading).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。1Have you got any further scientific evidence (证据) to support this view?2After graduation I want to work as a journalist(记者)3Many people want to go to the moon by spaceship (宇宙飞船)4She claims she was unfairly dismissed (打发走

2、，开除) from her post.5What were you doing when the accident occurred(发生)?6We witnessed tremendous changes in the city.7When I got to the airport，my friends were all aboard the plane.8There was a shooting incident near here last night.9Alice read the letter with a puzzled expression on her face.10Two p

3、layers are out of the team because of injury.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。1appear vi.出现，露面disappear vi.消失；失踪appearance n出现，露面2puzzle n&vt.困惑puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的puzzling adj.令人困惑不解的3possible adj.可能的possibly adv.可能地possibility n可能性4injure vt.受伤，伤害injury n伤害injured adj.受伤的5amaze vt.使惊奇(惊讶)amazing adj.令人惊奇(惊叹)的a

4、mazed adj.惊奇(惊叹)的adj.去eyadv.否定前缀dissimply adv.简单地，仅仅terribly adv.糟糕地gently adv.温柔地disagree v不同意discover v发现disobey v不服从.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语。1believe in相信2step up 加紧，加强，促进3due to 由于，因为4get ready for 为准备好5put on 播放；穿上6show up 出现，现身7do research on 对进行研究8take charge of 负责，掌管9make up 编造，杜撰；构成10look into 调查.选词

5、填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空。1The department was badly organized until she took charge of it.2We were expecting thirty people to come，but half of them never showed up3They have stepped up their efforts，but the mystery hasnt been solved yet.4It is reported that the police will soon look into the case of the two m

6、issing children.5The 15：30 train to Sheffield has been called off due to situations beyond our control.动词up动词短语表“原因”的短语bring up 抚养；呕吐come up 走近；被提出look up 查阅；向上看owing to 因为，由于because of 因为，由于thanks to 因为，由于背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10.45 pm.目击者也

7、说晚上10点45分他们看到贾斯廷正朝家走去。句中含“感官动词(see)宾语宾补”结构。I saw him going into the restaurant.我看见他正进入那家餐厅。2.Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。该句为倒装句，其结构是“表语be主语”。Sitting at the back of the room was a girl with two big eyes. 坐在房间后面的是一个有双大眼睛的女孩。

8、3.When asked about the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens，Detective Sam Peterson，who has taken charge of the case，told journalists.当被问到贾斯廷被外星人劫持的可能性时，负责此案的侦探萨姆彼得森告诉记者When asked为状语从句的省略形式，省略了he was。You should stay where you are，unless (you are) asked to leave.你应该待在你现在所在的地方，除非别人让你离开。4.So，whil

9、e we have not dismissed the idea，we are looking into other possibilities as well.所以，尽管我们不排除这种想法，但是我们也在调查其他的可能性。while在句中意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。While I am willing to help，I do not have much time available.尽管我愿意帮忙，但是我没有多少时间。 puzzled adj. 困惑的，茫然的(教材P2)Boy missing，police puzzled男孩失踪，警方茫然(1)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的(2)

10、puzzled adj. 感到困惑的；茫然的be puzzled by/over 对感到困惑look puzzled 看上去困惑be puzzled about 对感到迷惑(3)puzzlement n. 迷惑，费解The students looked at the professor with puzzled looks.学生们带着困惑的表情看着教授。I explained the question carefully，but he still looked puzzled (puzzle)我仔细地解释了这一问题，但他看起来还是很困惑。John was puzzled about what

11、 the question meant.约翰不明白那个问题是什么意思。名师点津以后缀ing结尾的形容词，多表示主语所具有的特征或属性，可译为“令人的”；以后缀ed结尾的形容词，多表示主语所处的状态，一般意为“(本身)感到的”。 step up 加紧，加强，促进；走上前去(教材P2)Police in America have stepped up their search for a fifteenyearold boy who went missing three days ago in Dover，New Hampshire.美国警方现已加紧对一名15岁男孩的搜索，该男孩三天前在新罕布什尔

12、州的多佛市失踪。out of step不合拍地take steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事step by step 一步一步地，逐渐地(2019全国卷)I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule，or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.我估计站出来促进一项人们不了解的体育运动，一个人很可能要费力地安排好工作或者有社交焦虑。He said he would take steps to correct (correct)

13、the mistakes.他说他将采取措施来改正那些错误。Only he is out of step in the whole line.整个队列中只有他走得不齐。 assume vt. 假定；认为(教材P3)However，since Mrs Foster thought that Justin was spending the night with a friend，she assumed that Kelly was having a bad dream，and sent her back to bed.但是，福斯特夫人以为贾斯廷在一个朋友家过夜了，因此她认为凯莉只是做了个恶梦，于是将

14、她打发回床上。(1)assume that.认为，假定assume.to ben./adj. 假设是(2)assuming that.supposing/suppose that. 假定(引导条件状语从句)We assumed that he would like the present we gave him.我们认为他会喜欢我们给他的礼物。I assumed him to be (be)an American.我原以为他是美国人。Assuming (assume)that it is true，what should we do？如果那是真的，我们该怎么办？图形助记He assumed a

15、n air of concern.他装出关心的样子。 occur vi.发生(教材P3)Mr Foster was working that night on his road construction job，and was not home when these events occurred.福斯特先生当晚忙于他的道路建设工作，当这些事件发生时他并不在家。sth.occurs to sb.某人想起某事It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人想起做某事It occurs to sb.that. 某人想起 It occurred to me that I should tu

16、rn to Mr Li for help.我想到我应该向李老师求助。I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred (occur)我正沿街寻找停车的地方时，突然发生了事故。When Babbage was working at Cambridge，a new idea occurred to him.在剑桥工作时，巴贝奇想到了一个新主意。名师点津occur为不及物动词，因而后面不能跟宾语，也无被动语态。 show up(turn up/appear)出现，现身，露面，出席，到

17、场(教材P3)When Justin did not show up for lunch the next day，Mrs Foster became worried and told her husband to call the police.第二天午饭时贾斯廷仍未露面，福斯特夫人开始担心了，于是让丈夫打电话报警。(1)show off炫耀，卖弄show sb.in 领某人进来show sb.out 领某人出去show sb.around 带某人参观(2)on show 在展览I waited for almost an hour，but she didnt show up.我几乎等了一个

18、小时她也没来。He couldnt help showing off on the tennis court.他禁不住在网球场上卖弄起来。We showed them around our school.我们带领他们参观了我们学校。 aboard adv.& prep.在(轮船、飞机、火车等)上；上(轮船、飞机、火车等)(教材P3)The aliens took me aboard the UFO so that they could do research on me.外星人将我带到不明飞行物上，以便他们能在我身上做研究。go aboard上船(飞机等)All aboard! 请上船(飞机、

19、火车等)!Welcome aboard! 欢迎乘坐！The plane crashed，killing all 157 passengers aboard.飞机坠毁，机上157名乘客全部遇难。They finally went aboard the plane.他们终于登上了飞机。Dont worry; they were all aboard the ship last night.不用担心，昨天夜里他们都在船上。明辨异同aboard，abroad，board，broadaboardprep.在(火车、船、飞机等)上adv.上(火车、船、飞机等)abroadadv.在国外，到国外boardv

20、.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿n.木板；膳食(费)；董事会broadadj.广阔的；宽阔的，广泛的；概括的aboard，abroad，board，broadTom and Mary have decided to study abroadTom will board the plane and Mary will go aboard the ship.After arriving there they will prepare to board with their friends.While free，they will visit the broad streets and hi

21、gh buildings.汤姆和玛丽已决定去国外读书。汤姆将乘坐飞机，玛丽将搭乘轮船。到那里之后，他们准备寄宿在朋友家里。空闲时，他们要去看看宽阔的街道和高楼大厦。 injury nC，U伤害，损害(教材P3)Luckily，they returned me home without any injuries.幸运的是，他们送我回家了，我没有受到任何伤害。(1)do sb.an injurydo an injury to sb. 使某人受伤害(2)injure vt. 伤害，损害injured adj. 受伤的the injured 伤员(类)Take care，and not injure

22、yourself!小心，别伤了自己！Dont do that.Youll do yourself an injury/do an injury to yourself.别那样做。你会把自己弄伤的。The injured were sent (send)to hospital immediately the accident happened.事故一发生，伤员就被送往了医院。明辨异同injure，hurt，wound，harminjure多指在事故中受伤hurt是一般用语，多指精神或肉体上的伤害，含有较强烈的“疼痛”意味wound主要指刀伤或枪伤harm多指给人的健康、权利、事业等带来的伤害in

23、jure，hurt，wound，harmDavid was badly wounded in the war.He hurt his leg when he fell off the ladder.Smoking does great harm to his health.Two people have been badly injured in the accident. (教材P3)Sometimes people make up such amazing stories.有时人们会编造这类令人感到惊奇的故事。(1)make up 编造，杜撰；构成，组成；补上(失去的东西)，弥补(常与fo

24、r搭配)；化妆；和解写出下列句中make up的含义They had an argument，but they have already made up.和解The student made up an excuse for his being late.编造They make up onethird of the provinces population.构成She made up her face to look prettier.化妆They made up for their inexperience by careful preparation for each lesson.弥补m

25、ake up for偿还；弥补make sure of 确信；确定make out 辨认出；了解；看清；听清make fun of sb. 取笑某人make it 成功，达到目的make ends meet 量入为出，使收支相抵make sense 讲得通；有意义make sense of 理解；明白How can we make up for what you have suffered?我们如何才能补偿你所遭受的损害？He was wearing a ragged black overcoat，but she could make out blood on his hands and fa

26、ce.他穿了一件破烂的黑色大衣，但是她能看出他的手上和脸上有血。名师点津make up 作“组成，构成”讲，用于主动句中；在被动句中用be made up of，用整体作主语；consist of 用整体作主语表“包含，含有”。不能用于被动语态。Five doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team.The medical team is made up of five doctors and ten nurses.The medical team consists of five doctors and ten nurses.这个医疗队由5个

27、医生和10个护士组成。(2)amazing adj.令人惊奇(惊叹)的(1)amaze vt.使吃惊(2)amazed adj. 感到吃惊的be amazed at/by sb./sth. 对某人/某物感到吃惊be amazed to see/find/learn . 惊异地看到/发现/获悉(3)amazement n. 惊愕；惊诧to ones amazement 令某人吃惊的是It was the most amazing experience of my life.它是我生命中最令人惊异的经历。Anyway，Im amazed at/by the progress youve made.

28、不管怎样，我对你取得的进步感到惊讶。To my amazement(amaze)，he remembered me.使我吃惊的是，他还记得我。语境助记People are amazed at Justins disappearance，and to everyones amazement，Kelly said some amazing things happened last night, which amazed the police.人们对贾斯廷的失踪感到吃惊，而且让大家都惊讶的是，凯莉说昨晚发生一些奇怪的事，这让警察感到惊奇。 dismiss vt.不予考虑；对不屑一提；解雇；免职；开除

29、；驳回(教材P3)So，while we have not dismissed the idea，we are looking into other possibilities as well.所以，尽管我们不排除这种想法，但是我们也在调查其他的可能性。dismiss sb./sth. (as sth. )对某人或某物不予理会或不屑一提dismiss sb. from. 把某人从(职位)解雇dismiss sb. for. 因解雇某人She was dismissed as a dreamer.人们认为她是个空想家而不予理睬。He was dismissed from his job for

30、his careless mistakes.他由于粗心带来的错误而被解雇了。The case was dismissed(dismiss) because there was no evidence.由于没有证据，该案被驳回了。 (教材P2)Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10.45 pm.目击者也说晚上10点45分他们看到贾斯廷正朝家走去。(1)【要点提炼】本句中含有“感官动词(see)宾语宾补”结构：saw Justin walking towards his house，宾补由现在分词短语充当

31、。(1)“感官动词(see)宾语宾补”结构还有：see sb./sth.do sth.看到某人/某物做了某事(全过程)see sb./sth.done看到某人/某事被做(2)用于“感官动词宾语宾补”结构的常见感官动词、短语还有：look at，listen to，hear，smell，observe，find，watch，notice等(3)常见宾补形式现在分词(强调动作正在进行)不带to的不定式(强调动作的全过程，当宾补变为主补时，不定式符号to要加上；但“notice/watch sb.do”中的宾补不能变为主补，即notice/watch sb.do没有相应的被动结构)过去分词(可表示被

32、动和动作已经完成)I saw him practicing speaking English by the river this morning.今天早上我看到他正在河边练习说英语。She hid in the dark and watched him do (do)the dangerous experiment.她躲在暗处，看他做那个危险的实验。I found him tied(tie) to a tree when I visited him.当我去拜访他时，发现他被绑在一棵树上。(2)witness n目击者，证人 vt.目击，见证(1)witness sth.为作证(2)be (a)

33、witness to sth. 看见某事发生；证明真实bear/give witness to sth. 为作证；证明某事China has witnessed great changes in different areas of society since 1978.自从1978年以来中国见证了很多社会领域的巨大变化。The police are looking for witnesses to the accident.警方正在寻找该事故的目击者。Recent years have witnessed(witness) a growing price of daily goods.近年来

34、日用品价格不断上涨。图形助记 (教材P2)Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。【要点提炼】本句的主语为lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes，因为主语过长，为平衡句子结构，本句采用了完全倒装结构。(1)当作表语的形容词、分词提到be动词前面时，句子用全部倒装，构成“形容词/分词 be动词主语”结构。(2)表示地点的介词短语位于句首倒装时

35、，要注意谓语动词与后面主语在人称和数上保持一致。此类谓语动词有：lie，stand，live，sit，be，come，go等。(3)表示方向、地点和时间的部分副词位于句首，且句子主语为名词时，句子用完全倒装结构。此类副词有：away，off，in，out，up，down，then等。Present at the meeting were the policemen who wanted to step up their search for the missing boy.参加会议的是想加快寻找失踪男孩的警察。At the school gate sat some parents，waitin

36、g to see their children.一些父母坐在校门口，等着看望他们的孩子。In came the boy with a ball in his arms.那个男孩抱着一个球进来了。名师点津当句子主语为代词时，只把表示方位或方式的副词提前，主谓不倒装。 (教材P3)When asked about the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens，Detective Sam Peterson，who has taken charge of the case，told journalists.当被问到贾斯廷被外星人劫持的可能性时，负责此案

37、的侦探萨姆彼得森告诉记者(1)【要点提炼】本句中When asked about the possibility.是状语从句的省略，完整的句子是When Detective Sam Peterson was asked about the possibility.。在when，while，if，as if，although/though，as，until, once，whether，unless等引导的状语从句中，如果其谓语部分含有be动词，而主语为it或主语与主句的主语一致时，则从句的主语和be动词可以一起省略。Work hard when(you are)young，or youll re

38、gret.趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。Dont come in until (you are) asked不请你，不要进来。While(I am)reading a book，I often write down some important points in it.当我读书时，我经常记下其中一些要点。(2)take charge of 负责，掌管in charge(of)负责(某事)in the charge of 由掌管/负责in ones charge 由某人掌管、负责free of charge 免费The secretary took charge of the matte

39、r before her boss returned.老板回来之前，这件事由秘书负责。These books were sent to our school free of charge这些书是免费送给我们学校的。名师点津take charge of，in charge of，in the charge of都有“负责”之意，但用法不同。take charge of为动词短语，在句中一般作谓语；in charge of(含有主动意义)与in the charge of(含有被动意义)为介词短语，用于名词后作定语，或者与be动词等连用作谓语。Mr Wang is taking charge of

40、 the project at present.Mr Wang is in charge of the project at present.The project is in the charge of Mr Wang at present.目前，王先生负责这项工程。1(教材P3)However，since Mrs Foster thought that Justin was spending the night with a friend，she assumed that Kelly was having a bad dream，and sent her back to bed.【分析】本

41、句是主从复合句。句中since引导原因状语从句，其中thought后是一个由that引导的宾语从句。主句中assumed与sent是并列谓语，其中assumed后接一个由that引导的宾语从句。【翻译】但是，福斯特夫人以为贾斯廷在一个朋友家过夜了，因此她认为凯莉只是做了个恶梦，于是将她打发回床上。2(教材P5)As we now know，the machine that was found looked more like something made by a local schoolboy than anything that could ever travel in space.【分析

42、】As we now know.是as引导的定语从句，修饰后面的整个句子，that was found是定语从句，修饰the machine；made by a local schoolboy是过去分词作定语，修饰something；that could ever travel in space是定语从句，修饰anything。【翻译】众所周知，被发现的那个机器看起来更像是一个当地学校的男孩制造的东西，而不是能够穿越太空的飞行器。.单句语法填空1While driving(drive)，he listens to the radio.2He was dismissed(dismiss) bec

43、ause he didnt achieve the aim of increasing sales they had set.3Do you have any plan for the coming holiday?I thought I might stay with my parents, but something unexpected has occurred(occur)4We all can go out for a picnic this afternoonassuming(assume) that the others agree.5I was amazed that he b

44、roke the world record at an amazing speed, which also amazed the world. (amaze)6Facing the puzzling situation, the sales manager looked puzzled. (puzzle)7The teacher was satisfied to see many students studying(study) hard in the classroom.8Standing(stand) before the spaceship were two aliens.9The pa

45、ssengers aboard the flight MH370 went missing.10There were several incidents(incident) on the frontier.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1When the minister came to the snowstricken area, he was happy to see the disaster victims well take good of.taketaken2Assumed that the advice is accepted, when are we going to get t

46、he money？AssumedAssuming3The accident was due to drive at high speed.drivedriving4She had a puzzling look on her face when she couldnt work out the maths problem.puzzlingpuzzled5That occured to her that she might adopt a homeless child.ThatIt 6Take a hat with you in case of the sun is very hot.去掉of7