2019-2020同步译林英语必修一新突破讲义：Unit 3 Section Ⅱ　Language points（Ⅰ）（Welcome to the unit & Reading） .doc

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1、Section Language points()(Welcome to the unit & Reading).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。1After the accident we examined the car minutely for signs of damage(损坏)2The bank will bring pressure(压力)to bear on you if you dont pay.3Its going to be some time before I recover(恢复)my full strength.4It makes me feel fre

2、sh and energetic(精力充沛的)throughout the whole day.5Shes always dieting(节食)but she never seems to be thinner.6When I began to sing，he laughed and made me embarrassed7He said that he preferred to stay at home rather than go with us.8Most parts of the African country have suffered from drought(干旱)in rece

3、nt years.9It is not good for young ladies to keep slim at the cost of their health.10Im on a diet now because I am overweight.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。1fail v失败；不及格failure n衰退，衰竭；失败；故障，失灵2chemist n化学家；药剂师chemical n化学物质adj.化学的chemistry n化学3treat v治疗；对待treatment n治疗；待遇；处理4pain n疼painful adj.令人疼痛的，痛苦的5attr

4、act vt.吸引attractive adj.有吸引力的，有魅力的寻规律巧记忆)v.iveadj.v.uren.actactive积极的createcreative有创造力的impressimpressive印象深刻的presspressure压力closeclosure关闭structstructure结构.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语。1hear from收到的信件(或电子邮件等)2work out锻炼；计算出；解决3lose weight减肥4be ashamed of感到羞愧5at the moment目前，此刻，此时6insist on坚持7follow ones advice听从

5、某人的建议8hear about/of听说9be embarrassed about对感到尴尬的10go on a diet节食.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空。1It took me some time to work out what was causing this.2You should be shamed of yourself for telling such a big lie.3Since there was no one there，I was safe from being killed at the moment4Thanks for your last messag

6、e；it was great to hear from you.5He suggested the king go on a diet to lose some weight.beadj.of动词短语v.(out)动词短语be afraid of对感到害怕be proud of对感到骄傲be guilty of犯罪look out小心，当心pick out挑选出来put out伸出；扑灭背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Which do you think is more important，eating well or doing exercise？你认为吃得好和体育锻炼哪一个更重要？do

7、you think作插入语，其后的句子用陈述语序。Who do you think is the best player in our team？你认为谁是我们队最好的运动员？2.I think you look great as you are，and youre a wonderful person.我觉得你目前这个样子看上去就很棒，而且你是一个非常优秀的人。as引导方式状语从句(从句通常是省略句)。He does not want to take things as they are.他不愿意安于现状。3.However，your mother knows best：nothing is

8、 more important than health.然而，你妈妈最清楚：没有什么比健康更重要。“nothingbe比较级than.”句型，表示“没有什么比更”。该结构用比较级表示最高级含义。Nothing is more interesting than fishing.没有什么比钓鱼更有趣了。4.However，no matter what I do，my efforts to lose weight always end in failure.然而，无论我做什么，我减肥的努力总是以失败告终。no matter whatwhatever“无论什么，不管什么”，引导让步状语从句。No ma

9、tter what/Whatever she said，he would not mind.无论她说什么，他都不会介意的。5.However，I do worry that my weight might damage my health.然而，我真的担心我的体重会损害我的健康。“do/does/did动词原形”强调谓语动词。He did tell the truth yesterday.昨天他确实说了实话。 work out 锻炼；计算出，想出；制定出(计划等)；了解(某人的性格)；解决；结果，(形势/事态)成功地发展(教材P42)I used to go to the gym three

10、times a week，but I dont work out any more.我以前常去健身房，一周三次，可我现在不再锻炼了。写出下列句中work out的含义I have just worked out a plan.制订I have never been able to work her out.理解，了解For example，by working out every day，you will build up your body.锻炼Im just trying to work out how much I spend each month.计算出You cant predict

11、 everything.Often things dont work out as you expect.成功地发展work for为工作，为尽力；努力取得work with与共事work on/at致力于/从事于out of work失业at work在工作He has spent the last years working on a book about childcare.最近几年他一直致力于撰写一本关于育儿的书。He had an accident at work.他在工作中出了一次事故。He is working on/at losing weight.他正致力于减肥。He is

12、a very nice person to work with他是一个很好共事的人。 figure n体形；数字；人物(教材P42)Most young women want a slim figure these days，especially here in Canada.如今，大部分年轻女性都想拥有苗条的身材，在加拿大这里尤其是这样。写出下列句中figure的含义Being a public figure today，however，is a lot more difficult than it used to be.人物He has an income of six figures.数

13、字Im dieting to keep my figure.身材(1)keep/lose ones figure保持/破坏身材(2)figure vt.认为；料到；计算figure out计算出；(好好思考以)理解figurethat 从句认定；认为We all want to know how she manages to keep her figure.我们都想知道她是如何设法保持自己的身材的。I figured that if I took the night train，I could be there by morning.我认为，如果我坐晚上那班火车，第二天早上就可以到那儿了。It

14、 took me several hours to figure out your income tax.我花了好几个小时才算出你的所得税。图形助记 ashamed adj.惭愧的，羞愧的(教材P42)Im trying to lose weight because Im so ashamed of my body.我正在努力减肥，因为我的体形让我觉得非常羞愧。(1)be/feel ashamed of/at.为感到羞愧be/feel ashamed to do sth.羞于做某事be/feel ashamed that.对感到羞愧(2)shame n.羞愧，惭愧to ones shame令某

15、人感到羞愧的是Its a shame that.真遗憾(3)shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies.你撒这样的谎应该感到羞耻。Only those who have no sense of shame can do such shameful things.只有那些没有羞耻感的人才能做出这样可耻的事。To my shame，I forgot his birthday.令我感到羞愧的是，我把他的生日忘了。Jim was ashamed to have troubled(trouble)

16、 me with so many questions.吉姆因麻烦我那么多问题而感到羞愧。名师点津ashamed不能放在名词前作定语，只能用作表语或宾语补足语及主语补足语。同样用法的还有alone，asleep，awake，alike，aware，alive等。当这类词本身被副词修饰时，则可以放在名词前，如：a very ashamed girl。 recover vi.复原，恢复健康 vt.重新获得，恢复(教材P42)Im now in hospital recovering from liver failure.我现在住院了，患的是肝衰竭，正在恢复中。(1)recover from.从中恢复

17、、痊愈recover oneself恢复健康；清醒过来，镇定下来recover ones health/strength恢复健康/体力(2)recovery n.康复，复原It took him minutes to recover his breath after a long running.一段长跑之后，他花了好几分钟才恢复正常呼吸。The doctor said he would recover himself in a day or two.医生说他一两天以后就会清醒过来。He is still recovering from his operation.他仍在手术后的恢复之中。Hi

18、s mother made him orange juice every few hours for more vitamin，which would help his recovery(recover)他妈妈每隔几小时就给他做橙汁用以补充维生素，这样有助于他痊愈。 contain vt.包含；容纳(教材P42)They contain a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail.那些减肥药里含有一种有害的化学物质，导致我肝功能衰竭。(1)contain vt.控制，克服，抑制(感情)contain oneself控制自己(2)contain

19、er n.容器Food will last longer if kept in an airtight container.如果贮藏在密封的容器里，食物能保持比较久的时间。He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself(he)他激动得不能克制自己。明辨异同contain/includecontain多指包含所含之物的全部，还指某种物质含有某种成分或其他物质。侧重含的量与成分include多指包含所含之物的一部分。强调整体与部分的关系contain，includeHis schoolbag contains a lot of book

20、s，including a cartoon book. damage vt.&n.损害，伤害(教材P43)My mother is right：dont damage your health for a slim and attractive figure.我妈妈是对的：不要为了苗条、诱人的身材毁了自己的健康。(1)damage ones health损害某人的健康(2)cause/do damage to.使受到损害；对造成损坏(3)damaging adj.造成破坏的；有害的；损害的Smoking seriously damages your health.吸烟严重损害人体健康。Lead

21、is potentially damaging to childrens health.铅对儿童的健康具有潜在损害。Haze has caused serious damage to the people in north China.雾霾给华北的人们造成了严重的危害。明辨异同damage/destroy/ruindamage指部分性的损坏，不一定全部损坏，损坏部分往往可以修复。除用作动词外，还可用作名词，常构成短语：do/cause damage to.“对造成损坏”。destroy常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏，毁坏”，程度较深，强调“毁坏”的力度和彻底性；也可用于损坏抽象的东西，比如

22、名誉、计划、努力、契约等。ruin亦指彻底毁掉，但不含有以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思，强调使某物失去优良的特性或特征。damage，destroy，ruinAfter the earthquake，many buildings were destroyed，but the local people still repaired the damaged ones and rebuilt the new ones to keep their hometown from coming to ruins embarrassed adj.尴尬的，不好意思的，难为情的(教

23、材P43)We shouldnt be embarrassed about our weight.我们不应该因为自己的体重而感到难为情。(1)be/feel embarrassed at/about对感到尴尬be/feel embarrassed to do sth.做某事感到尴尬(2)embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的(3)embarrass vt.使尴尬；使困窘；使局促不安(4)embarrassment n.尴尬，窘迫to ones embarrassment使某人感到尴尬/窘迫的是Many adolescents should not be too embarrassed a

24、bout their weight，as long as it is not overweight.只要不是过度肥胖，很多青少年不应该对他们的体重感到太尴尬。He was embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job.他很不好意思和他的妻子谈工作上的任何事情。Much to her embarrassment(embarrass)，she realized that everyone had been listening to her singing.她意识到大家一直在听她唱歌，感到很不好意思。Madame Michel found

25、 herself in an embarrassing position，and therefore she felt rather embarrassed(embarrass)米歇尔夫人发现自己处境尴尬，因此她感到相当尴尬。 diet n节食；日常饮食 vi.节食，控制饮食(教材P43)Its the same in Chinamany people，some of whom are not overweight at all，are always going on a diet or taking weightloss pills，which are often dangerous.在中国

26、也有这样的情况许多人，其中有些人根本就不超重，总是在节食，或者吃减肥药，这些做法往往是危险的。(1)be on a diet节食减肥，正在节食(强调状态)go on a diet节食，减肥(强调动作)a balanced diet均衡的饮食(2)dieter n.节食者；限制饮食的人If you want to go on a diet to lose weight，you must keep away from junk food.如果你想节食减肥，就必须远离垃圾食品。He is on a diet to reduce some weight.他正在节食以减轻体重。We should hav

27、e a healthy，balanced diet.我们应该有一个健康和均衡的饮食。 prefer vt.更喜欢(教材P45)Instead，I prefer to exercise at home，and it seems that I am always going on a diet.相反，我更喜欢在家锻炼，这样看上去我就像一直在节食一样。prefer A to B比起B来更喜欢Aprefer to do A rather than do Bprefer doing A to doing B宁愿做A而不愿做Bprefer sb.to do sth.宁愿/更希望某人做某事prefertha

28、t从句宁愿I prefer the seaside to the mountains.相比于山区，我更喜欢海边。I prefer that someone else (should) do this.我宁愿让别人来做这件事。Wed prefer playing outdoors to watching(watch)television.我们宁愿在外面玩而不愿看电视。 He preferred to stay(stay)at home rather than go out.和出门比起来，他比较喜欢待在家里。名师点津(1)prefer本身具有比较的意味，相当于like.better，因此不能再与b

29、etter、more等词连用。(2)prefer后面的to有时为介词，如prefer doing sth.to doing sth.；有时为动词不定式符号，如prefer to do sth.，在使用时要注意区分。 suffer vt.&vi.受苦；遭受(磨难)(教材P45)There is news about a Canadian actress who suffered liver failure because of taking those pills.有一条消息说有一位加拿大的女演员因为吃了那些药患上了肝衰竭。(1)suffer from.忍受/遭受；患病；受之苦(2)suffer

30、er n.受苦者，受难者(3)suffering n.疼痛；折磨sufferings n.痛苦；苦恼Those who suffer from the same illness pity each other.同病相怜。Our government does care about the sufferings(suffer) of ordinary people.我们的政府的确关心普通老百姓的疾苦。名师点津suffer作及物动词时，后跟表示不愉快或损失的词语，如：pain，defeat，loss，poverty，hunger，hardship等。suffer from后面一般跟的是伤痛、疾病等

31、引起痛苦的原因。 (教材P43)I think you look great as you are，and youre a wonderful person.我觉得你目前这个样子看上去就很棒，而且你是一个非常优秀的人。【要点提炼】as you are“照你的现状，照你的原样”，as引导方式状语从句(从句通常是省略句)，意为“像那样，按照的方式”。(1)as引导方式状语从句时，意为“按照方式”as it is照原样；事实上，实际情况是as it were 可以说是；好像就是(2)as引导原因状语从句时，意为“因为”，表示比较明显的原因。由as引导的原因状语从句通常放在主句之前。(3)as引导时间

32、状语从句时，意为“当时候；一边一边”，表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生、同时进行。(4)as引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管”。这时，要将表语或状语提到主语之前，使句子部分倒装。如果表语是名词，放在句首时不能加冠词。(5)as引导比较状语从句，意为“像一样”，对主句和从句的动作或状态加以比较。As it rained，I had to stay at home.因为下雨了，我只好待在家里。Old man as he is，he still works hard.尽管他是个老人，他仍然很努力地工作。He is like a brother to me，as it were(be)他好比是我的哥哥。Y

33、oud better leave it as it is(be)你最好顺其自然。 (教材P43)However，your mother knows best：nothing is more important than health.然而，你妈妈最清楚：没有什么比健康更重要。【要点提炼】该句是“nothingbe比较级than.”句型，表示“没有什么比更”。该结构中虽然用的是比较级，但表示的是最高级含义。表示最高级用法的几种常见结构：(1)否定词(nothing，never，not等)形容词/副词比较级(than)(2)比较级thanIn our class，Tom eats more foo

34、d than anyone else today.今天，在我们班里，汤姆吃的最多了。I have never read a more interesting novel.这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。You cant be more careful(careful)when crossing the road.过马路时无论如何小心都不为过。Tom is taller(tall)than the other boys in the class.在班级男生中汤姆个子是最高的。 (教材P45)However，no matter what I do，my efforts to lose weight a

35、lways end in failure.然而，无论我做什么，我减肥的努力总是以失败告终。【要点提炼】本句是一个主从复合句，no matter whatwhatever“无论什么，不管什么”，引导让步状语从句。no matter what只能引导让步状语从句，而whatever既可引导让步状语从句，又可引导名词性从句，引导让步状语从句时，两者可以互换。Call me when you arrive there，no matter what the time is.无论什么时间，你到了那儿就给我打电话。You can not just do whatever you like here.在这里，

36、你不能随心所欲。No matter what difficulties we may meet，well finish the task on time.无论遇到什么困难，我们都会按时完成任务。 (教材P45)However，I do worry that my weight might damage my health.然而，我真的担心我的体重会损害我的健康。【要点提炼】“do/does/did动词原形” 用来强调谓语动词。英语中，对谓语动词进行强调时，常用“助动词do/does/did谓语动词”结构。(1)句子为肯定句；(2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时，do/does用于一般现在时

37、，did用于一般过去时。I do think shes behaved badly.我的确认为她的行为很糟糕。He does know the place well as he has been living here for ten years.由于他住在这儿有10年了，他的确很熟悉这个地方。The boy did finish his homework last night.那男生昨晚的确把作业做完了。1(教材P42)Since Im preparing to act in a new TV show，Im taking weightloss pills called FatLess，wh

38、ich are quite popular among young women here.【分析】该句是一个主从复合句。since引导原因状语从句，句中的called FatLess为过去分词短语作定语，修饰pills；句中which引导非限制性定语从句，同样修饰pills。【翻译】由于我正准备出演一个新的电视节目，所以我在服用一种叫FatLess的减肥药，这种药深受这里年轻女性的欢迎。2(教材P42)My mother，who you met last year，keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous.【分析】

39、这是一个包含了原因状语从句的主从复合句。主句是My mother keeps telling me not to take them；who you met last year是非限制性定语从句，because they are dangerous是原因状语从句。【翻译】我母亲，你去年见过她，一直告诫我不要服用减肥药，因为减肥药是危险的。3(教材P43)Its the same in Chinamany people，some of whom are not overweight at all，are always going on a diet or taking weightloss pi

40、lls，which are often dangerous.【分析】破折号后面的句子包含有两个定语从句。主句是many people are always going on a diet or taking weightloss pills；some of whom are not overweight at all为非限制性定语从句，修饰people；which are often dangerous也是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。【翻译】在中国也有这样的情况许多人，其中有些人根本就不超重，总是在节食，或者吃减肥药，这些做法往往是危险的。.单句语法填空1So she came up

41、with the brilliant idea，allowing hungry people to take what they need without the shame of having to beg.2After the meal，she placed a little box containing (contain) an old pen in it.3We prefer you not to put(put) off the meeting until next week.4He felt embarrassed(embarrass)at being the centre of

42、attentions.5All over the world many people are still suffering from starvation.6When in Rome，do as the Romans do.7There is now possibility that she will make a full recovery(recover) from the disease.8The old man often works out on the playground on Sundays.9It will take at least five months to repa

43、ir the ship damaged (damage)in the storm.10Could you eat the rest of the pizza?No，thanks.Im losing weight and I am on a diet now.完成句子1我的学生总是在努力学习。My students are always studying/working hard(always)2他爸爸总是告诉他：没有什么比诚实更重要的了。His father always tells him that nothing is more important than honesty(nothing)3你必须按你父母说的去做。Yon must do as your parents told you(as)4不管发生什么事，我们决心完成任务。We are determined to finish the task，whatever/no matter what happens(whatever/no matter what)5他的确看上去很疲惫。He does/did look tired.(do)