2019-2020同步译林英语选修八新突破讲义：Unit 2 Section Ⅲ　Grammar——省略 .doc

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1、Section Grammar省略语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句1.In the story，a girl named Zhu Yingtai is stubborn and wants to go to school，but cant (go to school) because only boys are admitted.If he says hell come，he will (come).2.but the performance (that) I saw was the first time Turandot was staged inside the Forbidden Cit

2、y.This is the book (which) you were looking for yesterday.3.I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to (see the film).However，although he would like to (break his promise)，he cannot break his promise and must allow Turandot to do as she wishes.4.Though (he is) young，he knows a lot.Once (the pl

3、an is) carried out，the plan cant be changed.5.We shall start at eight，if (it is) convenient.If (it is) necessary，please call me up.6.He told me (that) he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.The boy said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to t

4、ell you.后自主感悟1.第1组例句属于承前省略。2.第2组例句为关系代词的省略。当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略。3.第3组为不定式的省略。有时可用不定式符号“to”来替代上文中出现的不定式。4.第4组例句为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语指的是同一人或物，且由人称代词的主格担当，而从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词一起省略。5.第5组例句为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语为it，谓语为is/was时，可以将it is/was省略。6.第6组体现的是当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的由连词that连接的宾语从句时，只可省略第一个连词that的情况

5、。在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。一、简单句中的省略1祈使句中的省略(You) Come early tomorrow.(I) Thank you for your help.(You) Open the door，please.2在口语中的省略How is your mother today? (Shes) Much better.(Is there) Anything else?3在感叹句中的省略What fine weather (it is)!What beautiful f

6、lowers (they are)!How wonderful an idea (it is)!4某些名词的省略名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时经常被省略。I met him at the doctors (office)我在诊所见到过他。即时演练1写出下列句子的省略部分(Are there) Any questions?What a hot day (it is)!Are you tired?Yes，I am (tired)二、并列句中的省略1后面的分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略，这种现象又称为承前省略。She was poor but (she

7、was) honest.她贫穷但是诚实。Bob has done his homework，but Tom hasnt (done his homework)鲍勃做了他的家庭作业，可是汤姆却没有。2有时并列句中的省略部分出现在前面的分句中，看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义。Bob works，and Peter lives in London.鲍勃(在伦敦)工作，彼得住在伦敦。即时演练2合并句子My shirt is white.His shirt is blue.My shirt is white and his blueTom turned on the radio.Tom list

8、ened to English.Tom turned on the radio and listened to English三、主从复合句中的省略1宾语从句中的省略在宾语从句中，连词that常省略，但当有多个并列宾语从句时，只能省略第一个that。I know (that) she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.我知道她是一个老师，也是一个优秀的作家。2状语从句中的省略在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词含有be，从句的主语又和主句的主语一致，或者从句的主语是it，常常可以把从句中的主语和be一起省略掉。这种省略现象通常出现在以w

9、hen，while，as，until，once，whether，if，unless，though，even if，where等连词连接的时间、条件、让步、地点等状语从句中。He fell in love with the girl while (he was) on a visit to New York.他是在游览纽约时爱上那位姑娘的。He will not go to the party even if (he is) invited.即使受到邀请，他也不去参加晚会。即时演练3句型转换When you are listening to your teacher，you must be ca

10、reful.When listening to your teacher，you must be careful.You shouldnt come to his party unless you are invited.You shouldnt come to his party unless invited3定语从句中的省略若引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语，该关系代词一般可省略。The car(which/that) his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen.他父亲送给他的作为生日礼物的那辆汽车被盗了。即时演练4句

11、型转换I bought two books in the bookstore and they are very interesting.The two books I bought in the bookstore are very interesting.四、不定式的省略1并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。The book is intended to be read and not (to) be torn.这本书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。The purpose of new technologies is to make li

12、fe easier，not to make it more difficult.新技术的目的是要让生活更轻松自在，而不是让生活更困难。2某些使役动词，如make，let，have等和感官动词，如see，watch，notice，observe等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不能省略。My mother wouldnt let me go to see the film.我妈妈不会让我去看那部电影的。He was noticed to leave the office.有人注意到他离开了办公室。3不定式to后面的内容也可承前省略。但倘若承前省略的不定式含有作助动词

13、用的have，be的任何形式，to后要保留原形have和be。After he came back from the war，he was a mere shadow of the man he used to be.从战场返回后，他就衰弱得不成样子了。Have you told Ann about her failure in the test?Yes，but I oughtnt to have (told her about it)你告诉安关于她考试不及格的事情了吗？是的。但是我本来不该告诉她。4介词but，except(除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to。He co

14、uld do nothing but give in to the robber.他什么也不能做只能屈服于劫匪了。即时演练5完成句子He will go to Beijing tomorrow if he is allowed to(被允许)Did you buy milk?No，I meant to(我本打算买的)，but the shop was shut.The workers were made to overwork (被迫加班)We have nothing to do now but wait (除了等)Im really puzzled how to think and say

15、 (怎么想，怎么说).单句语法填空1In the car accident the child was hurt，but the mother killed(kill)2What do you think made Mary so upset?Losing (lose) her bicycle.3The results of the medical checkup suggested that my father was in poor health，so the doctor suggested that he (should) give (give) up smoking and take

16、 more exercise.4Why didnt you come to my birthday party yesterday evening? You promised to come!I would have，but I had to look after my sister.5We will have a meeting next week，but we dont know where6Would you like to go with us?Yes，Id like to7Have you got any particular plans for the coming winter

17、vacation?Yes.If possible，Im going to visit my grandparents.8Video games can be a poor influence if left (leave) in the wrong hands.9Had it not been for our teachers，wed never have been able to enter this university.10Girls used to take fewer advanced math courses than boys but now they are taking ju

18、st as many.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found that his parents were missing.lookslooking2Otherwise，it is impossible for them to help each other and to make their friendship to last long.去掉第三个to3Tom picked up a coin on the road and handed one to a policema

19、n.oneit4No one can bear being laughed in public.laughed后面加at5When comparing with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at paringcompared.使用恰当的省略结构完成下列句子1It is said that you are still a leading chef in that fivestar hotel.Is that true?No，but I used to be (我以前是)2Students are no

20、t allowed to enter the principals office unless required to/asked to (被要求) have a talk with him.3While staring at (盯着看) the colourful goldfish in the pond，he almost lost himself in the situation and everything around him even became silent.4If youd like me to help you，Id be only too glad to(我非常愿意)5He wasnt punished for his severe mistakes in the exam.Yes，but he should have been (他本应该被惩罚的)