2022年高二英语Unit18Inventions知识点总复习教案 .pdf

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1、知识点大全高二英语 Unit18 Inventions知识点总复习教案Section I 课前准备、听力、口语1. Never throw away or wash chopsticks again. 千万不要扔掉再洗这些筷子。(p.57 A) throw (threw，thrown) (1) 投，抛，扔 He threw the ball 20 metres. 他把球投出20 米。(2) 摔倒 The policeman threw the thief to the ground.警察把小偷摔倒在地面上。(3) 发射，射 China has throw a satellite into sp

2、ace recent- ly. 中国最近向太空发射了一枚卫星。辨析： throw.to sb. 与 throw . at sb. throw sth. to sb. 指“把某物扔向某人”，其目的在于“传递” (for sb. to catch) 介词 to 纯粹表示行为的方向，其动机是善意的；throw sth. at sb. 指“把某物打向某人”，其目的在于“打” ( = try to hit sb.)。介词at 表示动作在于企图攻击的目标，其动机是恶意的。如： He threw the ball at me. (= try to hit me) 他扔球打我。 He threw the ba

3、ll to me. (= for me to catch) 他把球传给了我(= He threw me the ball.) 辨析： throw 与 cast throw 是普通用词，使用频率高，它指用力抛掷这一行为。cast 比 throw 正式，指迅速扔出一重量较轻的物体。经常用作比喻或无意识行为，在某些成语及特殊用语中须用cast ，如 cast a net “撒网”； cast a vote “投票”； cast anchor“抛锚”等等。如：Will you move, please? Youre casting (throwing) a shadow on my book. 你走开

4、点好吗?你的影子正好投射在我的书上。 He quickly threw the ball into the basket. 他迅速地将球投入篮里。The dice is cast. 事已定局。拓展： throw oneself into 积极从事 ; throw away 扔掉 ; throw about 乱丢；乱扔 ( 东西 ); throw back 扔回; throw at 朝扔，向砸去; throw off 匆匆脱掉throw.to. 把传给；把摔倒; throw out 扔出；逐出 ; throw aside 扔在一旁; throw up 呕吐2. Save trees and ha

5、ve a snack at the same time 挽救了树木并且同时成为小吃。(p. 57 A) save (1) vt. 救、挽救 The brave soldier saved a child from a burning house. 那勇敢的战士从着火的房子里救出了一个孩子。Only socialism can save China. 只有社会主义才能救中国。辨析： save 与 rescue: save 与 rescue 两者都有“营救”之意；但save 侧重于“保全”之意，而rescue则侧重于“从囚禁中救出”之意。如：In order to save the country

6、, many gentlemen laid down their lives. 许多志士仁人为国捐躯了。They rescued him from prison. 他们营救他出狱。(2) 节省；储蓄 Dont spend all your money, save some of it for future use. 别把钱全部花光，储蓄一点儿以备将来之用。3. You will never have to worry about having your bike stolen again. 你再也不必担心自行车会被偷走了。(p.57 D) worry (1) vi.“发愁，着急，焦虑” Mot

7、her always worried when the girls stayed out late. 女孩们要是很晚还不回家，母亲总是很担心。(2) vt.“使麻烦；使发愁；使着急” Dont worry her, She is busy. 别去麻烦她，她很忙。 Theres only one point that worries me. 只有一点使我发愁。(3) n. “烦恼”不可数；“使人发愁的事( 人) ；烦心的事” ( 可数 ) ，且常用复数。 This worry is enough to drive one mad. 这烦恼足以令人发狂。He has many worries. 他

8、有很多的烦恼的事情。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 10 页知识点大全辨析 : worry 与 trouble: trouble的含义宽广，事无巨细都可用它，且含有一定的惊慌意味；worry 担心”“发愁”，它指没有根据的，经常是不必要的忧虑不安的心情。如：Uneasiness troubled her heart. 她感到心神不定。Im troubled by the doctors report. 医生的诊断结果令我焦急。Dont worry， tomorrow will be better. 别担心，明天会更好。W

9、ere all worried about you. 我们都在为你担心。拓展： worry sb. 使某人烦恼 ( 着急 ) ；worry about sb. 为某人而担心；worry through 艰苦进行4. This new invention will make it possible for people to. 这项新发明将使人们做成为可能。 (p. 58 Useful expressions) makes it possible. (1) 此处 it为形式宾语，本身为先行代词，它既可作形式宾语，又可用作形式主语，代替句中的真正主语或宾语，即从句、动名词、不定式等。I think

10、 it a pity that he cant swim. 我认为他不能游泳是件令人遗憾的事。It is important for us to master English. 掌握英语对我们来说是重要的。It is no use telling him that. 告诉他那件事是没有用的。(2) it作形式宾语时，其前的动词有：think, find, consider, believe, suppose, feel, make等，而 if后常跟形容词或名词。He feels it his duty to help others. 他觉得帮助别人是他的职责。We make it clear

11、to the world that well never behave like a superpower. 我们向全世界表明我们永远不做超级大国。I consider it a great honour to be present at the meeting. 我觉得能出席这个会议很荣幸。He found it necessary to study the situation in Russia. 他发现研究俄罗斯的形势是必要的。I believe it helpful to use such a dictionary. 我相信使用这样的一本词典是有帮助的。I suppose it pos

12、sible to finish such a join in three days. 我想三天之内完成这样一件工作是有可能的。5. Decide which of the inventions you think is the most useful and. 决定你认为哪一种发明是最有用的。(p. 58. Patent Officer) decide 决定 , 决心；使下决心, 使决断；对 . 起了决定作用；解决, 裁决 , 判决(1) 跟名词或代词I ve got to decide our whole future. 我得决定我们的整个未来。We must decide that our

13、selves.这得由我们自己决定。(2) 跟不定式 ( 不可跟动名词) They decided to move to Wuchang immediately. 他们决定马上搬到武昌去。He decided to do his homework. 他决定做他的家庭作业。(3) 跟疑问词 + 不定式 We must decide what to do with them. 我们必须决定拿他们怎么办。She hasnt decided when to start. 何时动身她还没有决定。She hasnt decided when to start. 何时动身她还没有决定。(4) 跟从句 Lets

14、 first decide where we should go. 我们先决定到什么地方去。Only you can decide whats best for you. 只有你才能决定什么对你最合适。辨析： decide; determine; resolve; make up ones mind 都有“决定”的意思。decide指“经过询问、研讨和考虑之后, 在几种可能的选择之中作出决定”, 如: She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday. 她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。determine指“决心作某一件事而不动摇”,

15、如: We have determined to get the work done ahead of schedule. 我们已经决定要提前完成这项工作。resolve指“打定主意做某事或不做某事”, 如: I resolve to study English. 我决定学英语。make up ones mind指“打定主意”“下了决心”；其主语必须是人，不可是物，而且不可用于被动语态。如: He made up his mind not to stay there any longer. 他决定不再在那里呆下去了。拓展： decide for doing sth. 决定做某事 ; decid

16、e in favour of sth. 作出有利的决定或判决 ; decide on (upon) 决定，选择 ( 多指从两个或多个可能性中选择); decide between从两者中选择、决定。联想： decided adj. 明确的，坚决的；deciding adj. 起决定作用的；decision n. 决定，决心 (同义词 ) determine；make up ones mind 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 10 页知识点大全Section II 阅读6. How do they come up with

17、 ideas for new inventions? 他们怎么提出新发明的想法的? (p. 59. Pre-Reading 3) / (p. 59 Reading 第一段第二行) 比较：解释3 come up with意为“提出”“想出”。如： The teacher asked a difficult question，but finally Tom came up with a good answer. 老师提出了一个难题，但汤姆最后想出了一个好答案。 The magazine recently came up with some advice on smoking. 那本杂志最近就吸烟问

18、题提出了一些忠告。 I hope you can come up with a better plan than this. 我希望你能想出一个比这个更好些的计划来。 Scientists will have to come up with new methods of increasing the worlds food supply.科学家们必须找出增加全世界食品供应的新方法。 You have no choice but to come up with the 18000. 你别无选择，必须拿出那一万八千英镑来。【注】 come up 也有“被提出来”之意，但主语一般是表示问题、建议、计

19、划等的名词。如： The program came up for final decision.这一计划被提出来以便作最后决定。 These problems will come up for discussion at the meeting. 这些问题会在会议中提出来讨论。 We solved problems as soon as they came up. 问题一出现我们就解决。【注】 come up with还有“赶上”之意。如： Lets hurry up so that we may come up with them.咱们快些走，好赶上他们。 We shall have to

20、work hard to come up with the other team. 我们得努力干才能赶上另一队的进度。 I came up with her as she was rounding the corner. 她在拐弯时，我追上了她。【注】 come up with可引申为“拿出”“提供( 一笔钱 ) ”之意。如： The rich man came up with a large sun of money to those poor students who cant afford their tuition.那个有钱人拿出一大笔钱来给那些因贫困而交不起学费的学生。7. Thro

21、ughout history, great thinkers have used their creativity and imagination to change the world. 纵观历史，为大的思想家们用他们的创造力和想象力改变了世界 (p. 59 Reading 第一段第一行 ) throughout (1) prep. 遍及 We have friends throughout the world. 我们的朋友遍天下。Schools were opened throughout the country. 全国中小学都开学了。(2) prep. 在整个 (一段时期 ) Throu

22、ghout the summer and autumn he continued to go to the office work. 整个夏秋季节他都连续在办公室上班。(3) adv. 整个地，全部地The timber was rotten throughout.这块木料已经整个儿地腐烂了。(4) adv. 一直地，从头到尾Prices remain stable throughout. 物价始终保持稳定。The house is painted throughout. 这所房子全部油漆一新。8. How do they come up with ideas for new inventio

23、ns? 他们那些新发明的思想是怎么来的呢 ? (p. 59 Reading 第一段第二行) come up with (1) 赶上 We shall have to work hard to come up with them. 我们要努力工作，赶上他们。(2) 提出，提供 I hope you can come up with a better plan than this. 我希望你们能提出比这个更好的计划。拓展 ：come up 走近，长出 ; come up against 遭到 ; come up to 达到，符合 ; come out with 发表，出版9. Thinkers w

24、ho have changed the world do not seem to have much in common. 改变了世界的思想家们似乎并没有很多共同之处。(p. 59. 第一段第三行 ) in common 意为“共用”“共有”“共同”，后接介词with 时，意为“和一样”。如： The swimming pool is used in common by all the children in the town. 这个游泳池供镇上的孩子共同使用。 They have nothing in common with one another. 他们相互之间精选学习资料 - - - -

25、 - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 10 页知识点大全没有共同点。 In common with many people, he prefers classic music to pop.和很多人一样，他喜欢古典音乐，不喜欢流行音乐。He believed，in common with the majority, that it was tree.他与大多数人一样， 认为这是真的。 In common with most Italian lakes, access to the shores of Orta is restr- icted. 和大多数的

26、意大利湖一样，进入奥塔湖滨受到限制。 To my surprise, I found I had a lot in common with this stranger.令我惊讶的是，我发现我与那陌生人有很多相似之处。 He had little in common with his little sister.他与他的小妹妹没有多少共同之处。 Their methods have a lot in common.他们的方法有很多相似之处。【注】注意 out of the common意思是“异乎寻常的”“不平常的”。如：It is something out of the common. 这是

27、异乎寻常的东西。10. It seems that creative thinking, is a matter of habits. 人们似乎觉得创造性是关于习惯的问题。(p. 59 Reading 第一段倒数第二行) 比较： U.17 p.51 The best way to help is often simply a matter of opening doors and offering guidance.帮助残疾人的最好办法就是开门提供引导的问题。 a matter of (关于) 的问题(1) a matter of 的问题， matter 意为“事情”“问题”。This is

28、a matter of principle. 这是一个原则性问题。Its not a matter of laughing. 这可不是开玩笑的事情。(2) the matter 麻烦事Whats the matter with you? Why are you crying? 发生了什么事，干吗哭呢? 拓展 ：a matter of opinion 看法不同的问题；a matter of life and death 生死攸关的事情； as a matter of fact 事实上，其实；no matter what (how，when，where，who ) ；无论什么 ( 怎样，何时，哪里

29、，谁) ；for that matter (for the matter of that) 就此而言；Whats the matter with.? 怎么了 ? / 出了什么毛病?；in the matter of. 就而论； It doesnt matter. 没关系11. Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, 假如我们想要成功，知识和学习都是很重要的 (p. 59 Reading 第二段第一行) knowledge (1) n. 知识，认识Knowledge is power，知识就是力量。(2)

30、 n. 知道，了解He has no knowledge of life in the small village. 他对那个小村子的生活不了解。She has a good knowledge of London. 她对伦敦十分熟悉。I have no knowledge of his arrival. 我不知道他来了。辨析： knowledge 与 learning knowledge泛指一个人通过观察、调查、学习研究而获得的事实或真知灼见，它不仅包含通过正规教育获得的知识，而且包括日常生活中的阅历。learning常指“通过长期的、细致的学习而获得系统的知识，这种知识往往不是肤浅的，而广

31、博的、深奥的”。该词也可指全部学识和智慧的总和，或者科学知识，但更多用于语言、文学、历史、法律等人文学科。This dusty knowledge needs brushing up after the passage of years. 多年以后，这种原先学过的知识需温习一下。They have no direct knowledge of conditions in the East. 他们对东方的情况缺乏直接了解。He is a man of learning. 他是个学问渊博的人。12. what we have learnt may also limit our thinking.

32、我们已经学到手的东西也可能限制我们的思维。(p. 59 Reading 第二段第二行) limit (1) vt. 限 制We must limit our spending. 我 们 必 须 限 制 开 销 。 She limited her conversation to ten minutes. 她将说话时间限制为10 分钟。(2) n. 限制、限度、极限 She has reached the limit of her patience. 她的耐性已经达到了极限。 There is a limit to ones life, but no limit to serving the pe

33、ople. 人的生命是有限的，但为人民服务是无限的。拓展： to the limit 到顶点； limited company 有限公司； a limited number of. 有限的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 10 页知识点大全几个； be limited in. 在方面受限；within limits 在一定范围内；without limit 无限地联想： limit vt. 限制 limited adj. 有限的； limitation n. 限制，局限性； limitless 无限制的13. Invent

34、ors often rephrase a problem to allow for creative solutions and 发明家常常会换一种说法来表述一个问题 (p. 59 Reading 第二段第三行) * allow for 顾及，考虑到，体谅：We must allow for his youth. 我们必须体谅他年轻。He allowed for her great age and was very patient. 他考虑到她年纪大因而很耐心。拓展： allow of 允许； allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事：Such conduct allows o

35、f no excuse. 这种行为不得宽怒。They allowed me to enter. 他们准许我进入。辨析 : allow与 allow for allow意为“允许”“准许”。如： Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许抽烟。 The government servants arent allowed to accept rewards.公务员不得接受酬谢。 The children ale too young to be allowed out at night. 孩子们太小，夜间不能让他们出去。 allow for意思是

36、“估计到”“把考虑在内”。如： When he made the plan, he failed to allow for the unexpected. 他作计划时没有把意外情况考虑进去。 He missed the target because the wind hadnt been allowed for. 因为没有考虑到风的影响，他没有击中目标。 You cant make it in an hour, you must allow for traffic delays.你一个小时到不了，你必须考虑到在路上会遇到耽搁。 We must allow for his lack of exp

37、erience.我们必须考虑到他缺乏经验这一点。 Allowing for exceptions, the rule may stand. 在允许有例外的情况下，这条规则还是可以成立的。)14. If we look only for the correct answer and reject ideas that do not provide a complete answer, we may get stuck. 如果我们只找正确答案，拒绝那些不能给我们完整答案的想法，那么我们就可能被框住。(p. 59 Reading 第二段第四行) reject (1) vt. 拒绝；抵制；指不肯承认，

38、采用、相信或服从，不肯接受。They had rejected our request contemptuously. 他们轻蔑地拒绝了我们的请求。Several publishers rejected the manuscript. 几家出版商都拒绝了这份手稿。(2) vt. 抛弃；丢掉；剔除 Under the guidance of the Party he has rejected the idealist view of history in favour of the materialist. 在党的教导下，他已经抛弃唯心主义历史观，接受了唯物主义历史观。辨析： refuse与 r

39、eject：两者都有“拒绝”之意。refuse不仅可用来拒绝别人的请求和要求，而且还可用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助；其后能跟不定式；reject不能用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助，其后不能跟不定式。He refused the invitation from John. 他拒绝了约翰的邀请。He refused to believe what I said. 他拒绝相信我说的话。 provide (1) vt.提供；装备The government provided them with money and clothes. 政府向他们提供金钱和衣服。The country provides free m

40、edical service to college students. 国家为大学生提供了公费医疗。You must provide yourselves. 你们必须自备必需品。(2) vi. provide for 提供生计；作准备 provide against预防 Who provides for her? 谁为她提供生活费? He provided for the entertainment of his guests. 他为招待客人作好了准备。 They had to provide against a shortage of water. 他们不得不作好缺水的准备。They pro

41、vided against the attack. 他们做好准备以防受攻击。辨析： afford ，provide与 supply: 三个词都有“提供”“供给”之意。但在用法上有区别：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 10 页知识点大全afford作“向某人提供某物”解时，它的句型是afford sb. sth. (sth.常为抽象名词) Travel affords us pleasure. 旅游会给我们带来快乐。He afforded me an opportunity. 他给我提供了一次机会。provide与supp

42、ly用法相似，可以换用，某句型为：provide (supply) sb. with sth.; provide (supply) sth. to (for) sb.; The sun provides (supplies) light and heat for us. = The sun provides (supplies)us with light and heat. 太阳为我们提供光和热。 stuck get stuck 意思是“被困住”“被卡住”“处于困境”，此处get 是连系动词，也可以用be等其他的连系动词。 如： The bus was stuck in the mud.公共汽

43、车陷在泥里了。 The shuttle often got stuck, causing a lot of broken ends. 梭子常常卡住，造成大量断头。 What shall we do? We seem to be stuck. 怎么办 ?我们似乎干不下去了。 Have you got stuck over your maths problems? 你的数学题做不下去了吗? Im stuck now, there is no more material for the work. 我无法进行下去了，这工作缺少资料。 I Was stuck there for a week by t

44、he bad weather.由于天气不好，我在那里待了一个星期。15. Creative thinking is a conscious effort to break away from old thought patterns in order to explore new possi- bilities. 创造性思维是一种有意识的努力，即为了探索新的可能性而摆脱旧的思维模式。 (p.59第二段倒数第一行) effort作“努力”解释时，后常跟不定式，如本句即是，请看下列例句。 His effort to reform her at last succeeded. 他要改造她的努力终于成

45、功了。 Despite all my efforts to improve his life-style, hes still smoking twenty cigarettes a day. 尽管我尽力改变他的生活方式，但他还是一天吸二十支香烟。 Hes jogging round the park every morning in an effort to get fit for the football season. 他为了锻炼身体迎接足球赛季的到来，每天早晨都绕着公园慢跑。【注】 effort可作“艰难的事”解释，为可数名词。如：Its such an effort to get u

46、p on these dark winter mornings.冬季早晨到处黑沉沉的，起床真艰难呀! break away from意为“脱离”“摆脱”“断绝来往”。如： Fortunately he broke away from that lawless group years ago.幸好几年前他就脱离了那个不法集团。 The criminal tried to break away from the policeman.罪犯试图从警察手里逃跑。 Smith has broken away from the Labour Party. 史密斯已脱离工党。【注】 break away fr

47、om亦可作“改掉”“破除”解。如： You should break away from such bad habits. 你应该改掉这些坏习惯。 Modem music has broken away from the 18th century rules. 现代音乐不再遵守十八世纪的条条框框。 Modern art has broken away from old traditions. 现代美术已摆脱了旧的传统。 The child broke away from all disciplines. 这孩子一点也不守规矩。16. Good solutions and new ideas a

48、re often the result of change in perception. 好的解决方法和新的思路常常是改变一种观念的结果。(p.59 第三段第一行 ) solution意为“解决 ( 办法) ”“解答 ( 释) ”，通常后接介词to 。如： There are no simple solutions to the problem of overpopulations. 对于人口过多的问题，没有简单的解决办法。 We are looking for a solution to our financial difficulties. 我们正在寻找解决财政困难的方法。17. By l

49、ooking at a problem in as many ways as possible, creative thinkers can find solutions that would other- wise remain invisible. 通过尽可能多的角度来看待一个问题，富有创造力的思考者可以发现其他情况下可能觉察不了的答案。(p.59 第三段第二行 )让我们先分析一下句子的结构，本句的主语是creative thinkers。谓语动词是can find ，宾语 solutions后带了一个定语从句。句首的 by 短语是方式状语。 otherwise在本句中是副词， 意为“要不

50、然”“否则”“在另外的情况下”。如： He was 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 10 页知识点大全tired but otherwise in good health.他很疲惫，但除此之外，健康状况良好。The rent is high ，but otherwise the house is satisfactory. 租金昂贵，但在其他方面这房子还令人满意。 He has a squint，but is otherwise a handsome fellow. 他有点斜视，但除此之外，倒是个英俊的小伙子。【注】 o