专题三 特殊句式及固定搭配.ppt

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1、二轮二轮英语英语专题三 特殊句式及固定搭配 Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more. individuals above the crowd: a little bit more. -author -author -date-date二轮二轮英语英语【典例【典例2 2】 At no time At no time the

2、y actually break the rules of they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.the game.It was unfair to punish them.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :diddid考查倒装。分析句子结构可知考查倒装。分析句子结构可知, ,此处应该填助动词此处应该填助动词did,did,构成倒装句。句意构成倒装句。句意: :他们事实上根本没有违反游戏规则他们事实上根本没有违反游戏规则, ,惩罚他们是不公平惩罚他们是不公平的。的。at no timeat no t

3、ime意思是意思是“绝不绝不, ,根本不根本不”。当含有否定词的介词短语位于。当含有否定词的介词短语位于句首时句首时, ,句子要用部分倒装语序句子要用部分倒装语序, ,根据语境为一般过去时根据语境为一般过去时, ,所以填助动词所以填助动词diddid。二轮二轮英语英语名师在线名师在线 (1)(1)在英语中在英语中, ,把谓语全部放在主语之前的倒装句把谓语全部放在主语之前的倒装句, ,称为完全倒装句。常见称为完全倒装句。常见 的完全倒装句有以下几种的完全倒装句有以下几种: : 在在therethere引导的句子中引导的句子中, ,谓语是谓语是be,exist,live,liebe,exist,l

4、ive,lie等表示状态的动词等表示状态的动词 时时, ,用完全倒装句。用完全倒装句。 地点状语位于句首地点状语位于句首, ,主语为名词且谓语为不及物动词时主语为名词且谓语为不及物动词时, ,用完全倒装句。用完全倒装句。 作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时, ,用完全倒装句。用完全倒装句。 表示地点和动作转移的副词表示地点和动作转移的副词, ,如如:here,there,up,down,in,away,out:here,there,up,down,in,away,out等置等置 于句首且主语是名词时于句首且主语是名词时, ,句子用完全倒装。句子用完

5、全倒装。 注意注意: :当主语是代词时当主语是代词时, ,不倒装。如不倒装。如: : Here comes the bus./Here it comes. Here comes the bus./Here it comes.二轮二轮英语英语(2)(2)在英语中在英语中, ,把助动词、情态动词或把助动词、情态动词或bebe动词移到主语之前称为部分倒装。常见的部分动词移到主语之前称为部分倒装。常见的部分 倒装句有以下几种倒装句有以下几种: : 当当so/neither/norso/neither/nor位于句首时位于句首时, ,可将其后的部分谓语置于主语之前可将其后的部分谓语置于主语之前, ,构成

6、部分构成部分 倒装。倒装。 “only+“only+状语状语/ /状语从句状语从句”位于句首时位于句首时, ,主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。 表示否定意义的副词或介词短语放在句首时要部分倒装。此类副词或介词短语表示否定意义的副词或介词短语放在句首时要部分倒装。此类副词或介词短语 主要有主要有not,little,hardly,never,by no means,on no condition,in no case,not,little,hardly,never,by no means,on no condition,in no case, nowhere,seld

7、om,nor nowhere,seldom,nor等。等。 在含有在含有had/were/shouldhad/were/should的虚拟条件句中的虚拟条件句中, ,可以省略可以省略if,if,将将 had/were/shouldhad/were/should放在放在 主语之前主语之前, ,构成部分倒装。构成部分倒装。 hardly.when.,no sooner.than.,not only.but also.hardly.when.,no sooner.than.,not only.but also.等引导两个等引导两个 分句分句, ,且且hardly,no sooner,not only

8、hardly,no sooner,not only等提到句首时等提到句首时, ,前一个分句用部分倒装前一个分句用部分倒装, ,后后 一个分句不变。一个分句不变。 在在so.that.so.that.句式中句式中, ,如果如果soso引导的部分位于句首引导的部分位于句首, ,主句中的主语和谓语需要主句中的主语和谓语需要 部分倒装。部分倒装。 as/thoughas/though引导的让步状语从句中引导的让步状语从句中, ,将表语置于句首构成部分倒装。将表语置于句首构成部分倒装。二轮二轮英语英语二、强调句型二、强调句型【典例【典例3 3】It was not until near the end

9、of the letter It was not until near the end of the letter she she mentioned her own plan.mentioned her own plan.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :thatthat本题考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知本题考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知, ,此处构成此处构成not not untiluntil的强调句型的强调句型, ,应填应填thatthat。句意。句意: :直到将近信的结尾她才提到自己的计划。直到将近信的结尾她才提到自己的计划。本题为强调句型本题为强调句型, ,被强调部分为被强调部分为not u

10、ntil near the end of the letternot until near the end of the letter。原。原句为句为:She didn:She didnt mention her own plan until near the end of the t mention her own plan until near the end of the letter.letter.。【典例【典例4 4】 was with the help of the local guide that the was with the help of the local guide

11、that the mountain climber was rescued.mountain climber was rescued.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :ItIt考查强调句型中考查强调句型中itit的用法。根据语境可知的用法。根据语境可知, ,此处构成强调句型此处构成强调句型, ,应填代词应填代词itit。句意。句意: :正是在当地导游的帮助下正是在当地导游的帮助下, ,这个登山者才得以获救。这个登山者才得以获救。二轮二轮英语英语名师在线名师在线 强调句型的基本结构为强调句型的基本结构为:It is/was+:It is/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that/who.+that/who

12、.。在这个句型。在这个句型中中,it,it没有词汇意义没有词汇意义, ,只是引出被强调的成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词只是引出被强调的成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词, ,用用whowho或或thatthat来连接都可以。如果是其他成分来连接都可以。如果是其他成分, ,则一律用则一律用thatthat来连接。被强调部分错综复杂来连接。被强调部分错综复杂, ,容易与其他从容易与其他从句混淆。区分的方法是把句中的句混淆。区分的方法是把句中的It is/wasIt is/was和和that/whothat/who去掉去掉, ,如果句子成立如果句子成立, ,且句意通顺且句意通顺, ,就是就是强调

13、句型强调句型, ,否则就不是强调句型。如否则就不是强调句型。如:It is Jane that/who has been living in London :It is Jane that/who has been living in London since she left China.since she left China.去掉去掉It isIt is和和that/who,that/who,还原为还原为Jane has been living in London Jane has been living in London since she left China.since she

14、left China.作为句子完全成立作为句子完全成立, ,由此可以判断该句为强调句型。由此可以判断该句为强调句型。使用强调句型的几个注意事项使用强调句型的几个注意事项: :(1)(1)被强调成分是主语被强调成分是主语,who/that,who/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持 一致。一致。 It is I who am right.It is I who am right. 对的是我。对的是我。 It is he who is wrong.It is he who is wrong. 错的是他。错的是他。 It is t

15、he students who are lovely.It is the students who are lovely. 可爱的是学生们。可爱的是学生们。二轮二轮英语英语(2)(2)被强调成分即使是在句子中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语等被强调成分即使是在句子中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语等, ,也不能用也不能用when,where,when,where, because, because,而要用而要用thatthat。 It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to hisIt was after

16、the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his research work again. research work again. 正是在战后爱因斯坦才得以重返研究工作。正是在战后爱因斯坦才得以重返研究工作。 It was in front of the bank that the lady was robbed.It was in front of the bank that the lady was robbed. 那位女士是在银行前面遭遇抢劫的。那位女士是在银行前面遭遇抢劫的。 It was because of t

17、he heavy rain that he came late.It was because of the heavy rain that he came late. 他是因为下大雨来晚的。他是因为下大雨来晚的。 (3)(3)被强调成分是作主语的代词时用主格被强调成分是作主语的代词时用主格, ,是作宾语的代词时用宾格。是作宾语的代词时用宾格。 It was he that helped me yesterday.It was he that helped me yesterday. 昨天是他帮助了我。昨天是他帮助了我。 It was me that he helped yesterday.It

18、 was me that he helped yesterday. 他昨天帮助的是我。他昨天帮助的是我。(4)(4)被强调部分既包括人又包括物被强调部分既包括人又包括物, ,用用thatthat不用不用whowho。 It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talkingIt was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about. about. 他们谈论的是他们记得的人和事。他们谈论的是他们记得的人和事。二轮

19、二轮英语英语易混易错易混易错强调句型与主语从句、状语从句、定语从句的区别强调句型与主语从句、状语从句、定语从句的区别1.1.强调句型与主语从句的比较强调句型与主语从句的比较 强调句型将句子中的强调句型将句子中的it is/wasit is/was与与that/whothat/who同时省去同时省去, ,句子仍然成立句子仍然成立; ; 而包含主语从句的句子用而包含主语从句的句子用thatthat从句代替从句代替it,it,句子成立。如句子成立。如: : It was Li Leis brother that you met in the street yesterday. It was Li L

20、eis brother that you met in the street yesterday. 你昨天在街上遇到的是李雷的哥哥。你昨天在街上遇到的是李雷的哥哥。 ( (本句若将本句若将It was It was 及及thatthat同时省去为同时省去为:You met Li Leis brother in :You met Li Leis brother in the street yesterday. the street yesterday.句子同样成立句子同样成立, ,因此本句是强调句型。因此本句是强调句型。) ) It is exciting that we have succee

21、ded in sending up Shenzhou. It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou. 我们成功地发射了神舟十号这件事情真令人兴奋。我们成功地发射了神舟十号这件事情真令人兴奋。( (本句若将本句若将It is It is 及及 thatthat同时省去为同时省去为:We have succeeded exciting in sending up :We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou . Shenzhou .显然句子错误显然句子错误, ,因此

22、因此, ,本句不是强调句型本句不是强调句型,that,that引导主语从引导主语从 句句,it,it是形式主语。是形式主语。) )二轮二轮英语英语2.2.强调句型与定语从句的比较强调句型与定语从句的比较 强调句型中的强调句型中的itit没有实际意义没有实际意义,it is/was,it is/was与与that/whothat/who去掉后句子结构仍去掉后句子结构仍 然完整。但定语从句中的然完整。但定语从句中的it beit be和作主语的和作主语的thatthat去掉后句子结构不完整。去掉后句子结构不完整。3.3.强调句型与状语从句的比较强调句型与状语从句的比较 强调句型中的强调句型中的it

23、 is/wasit is/was与与that/whothat/who同时省去同时省去, ,句子仍然成立句子仍然成立; ;而包含状语而包含状语 从句的句子从句的句子itit是主语。如是主语。如: : It was 8 oclock when they went home. It was 8 oclock when they went home. 他们回家时是他们回家时是8 8点。点。 ( (句中代词句中代词itit作主语作主语, ,指代时间指代时间,when,when引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句) ) It was at 8 oclock that they went home. It wa

24、s at 8 oclock that they went home. 他们是在他们是在8 8点回家的。点回家的。 (at 8 oclock(at 8 oclock是被强调部分是被强调部分, ,本句是强调句型本句是强调句型) )二轮二轮英语英语【变式训练】【变式训练】 完成句子完成句子1.It was at midnight1.It was at midnight I got back home yesterday.I got back home yesterday. It was midnight It was midnight I got back home yesterday.I got

25、back home yesterday.2.It was in 19982.It was in 1998 he was in middle school.he was in middle school. It was in 1998, It was in 1998, he was in middle school.he was in middle school.3.It was two years ago3.It was two years ago I began to learn English.I began to learn English. It is two years It is

26、two years I began to learn English.I began to learn English.答案答案: :1.that;when1.that;when2.that;when2.that;when3.that;since3.that;since二轮二轮英语英语三、祈使句三、祈使句【典例【典例5 5】 (knock) at the door before you enter my room,(knock) at the door before you enter my room,please.please.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :KnockKnock考查祈使句。分析句

27、子成分可知考查祈使句。分析句子成分可知, ,空格前没有主语空格前没有主语, ,后后面有面有beforebefore引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句, ,由此可判断由此可判断, ,此处构成祈使句此处构成祈使句, ,所以填所以填knockknock。【典例【典例6 6】 Work hard Work hard you will fail the exam.you will fail the exam.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :oror根据语境可知根据语境可知, ,此处构成常用句型此处构成常用句型“祈使句祈使句+and/or you +and/or you will/wonwill/wont.t

28、.”。根据句意。根据句意“努力学习努力学习, ,否则你会考试不及格的否则你会考试不及格的”可知可知, ,用用oror。二轮二轮英语英语四、状语从句中句子成分的省略四、状语从句中句子成分的省略【典例【典例7 7】 When When (ask) for his views about his teaching (ask) for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.job,Philip said he found it very interesting an

29、d rewarding.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :askedasked考查省略及非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知考查省略及非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知, ,此处此处是由是由When he was asked for his views about his teaching jobWhen he was asked for his views about his teaching job省略省略hehe和和waswas变化而来变化而来, ,所以填提示词的过去分词形式所以填提示词的过去分词形式, ,表被动。句意表被动。句意: :当被问及他当被问及他对他的教学工作有何看法时对他的教学工作有何看法时,

30、 ,菲利普说他觉得很有趣菲利普说他觉得很有趣, ,值得做。值得做。【典例【典例8 8】Unless Unless (invite),he wont come to the party.(invite),he wont come to the party.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :invitedinvited考查省略及非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知考查省略及非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知, ,此此处是由处是由Unless he is invitedUnless he is invited省略省略hehe和和isis变化而来变化而来, ,所以填提示词的过去所以填提示词的过去分词形式分词形式, ,表

31、被动。句意表被动。句意: :除非受到邀请除非受到邀请, ,否则他不会来参加聚会。否则他不会来参加聚会。二轮二轮英语英语名师在线名师在线 在以在以when,while,if,though(although),as,whether,oncewhen,while,if,though(although),as,whether,once等等连词引导的时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中连词引导的时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中, ,如果从句的主如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it,it,而且从句的谓语又包含而且从句的谓语又包含bebe动词时动词时,

32、 ,可以省略从句中可以省略从句中“主语主语+be+be动词动词”部分。部分。易混易错易混易错 状语从句的省略条件状语从句的省略条件状语从句的省略是常见的考点状语从句的省略是常见的考点, ,在时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状在时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句中最为常见。如语从句中最为常见。如: :If (it is ) possible,I will go with him to the Sahara Desert.If (it is ) possible,I will go with him to the Sahara Desert.如果有可能如果有可能, ,我就和他一块去撒哈拉大沙

33、漠。我就和他一块去撒哈拉大沙漠。The girl is better,though (she is) not yet cured.The girl is better,though (she is) not yet cured.女孩好点了女孩好点了, ,不过仍未痊愈。不过仍未痊愈。If (you are) asked,you may come in.If (you are) asked,you may come in.如果被叫到如果被叫到, ,你可以进来。你可以进来。二轮二轮英语英语【变式训练】【变式训练】 完成句子完成句子1.It was a nice meal,1.It was a nic

34、e meal, ( (尽管尽管 有点儿贵有点儿贵).).2.Generally speaking,2.Generally speaking, . . ( (按照说明书服用的话按照说明书服用的话),the drug has no side),the drug has no side effect. effect.答案答案: :1.though (it was) a little expensive1.though (it was) a little expensive2.when (it is) taken 2.when (it is) taken according to the instru

35、ctionsaccording to the instructions二轮二轮英语英语考点二考点二固定搭配固定搭配1.1.常见词组常见词组 as a matter of fact,be proud of,by the way,come from,according to,as a matter of fact,be proud of,by the way,come from,according to, congratulate.on.,devote.to.,earn ones living,keep ones word,make congratulate.on.,devote.to.,earn

36、 ones living,keep ones word,make up ones mind,be concerned about.,catch up with.,keep an eye on., up ones mind,be concerned about.,catch up with.,keep an eye on., concentrate on. concentrate on.等。等。2.2.特殊固定用法特殊固定用法 keep.doing sth.,prevent.from doing.,like doing.,need doing,feel likekeep.doing sth.,p

37、revent.from doing.,like doing.,need doing,feel like doing,get sth.done,have sth.done,have sb.doing/do sth.,enjoy doing,succeed in doing,get sth.done,have sth.done,have sb.doing/do sth.,enjoy doing,succeed in doing doing等。等。3.3.常用句型常用句型 so/such.that.,It is.(for sb./of sb.) to do sth.,There is no doub

38、t/needso/such.that.,It is.(for sb./of sb.) to do sth.,There is no doubt/need that.,There is no sense in doing sth.,neither.nor,either.or,Its ( high) that.,There is no sense in doing sth.,neither.nor,either.or,Its ( high) time that sb.did/should do sth.,It is no good/use doing sth.,not only.but time

39、that sb.did/should do sth.,It is no good/use doing sth.,not only.but also.,It is/was the first (second) time that sb.has done/had done sth.,It is also.,It is/was the first (second) time that sb.has done/had done sth.,It is no wonder that. no wonder that.等。等。二轮二轮英语英语【典例【典例1 1】 When a new day breaks,t

40、he walls have given up their When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house during (cool) the house during the hot day;the hot day; the same time,they warm up again for the the same time,they warm up again for the night.

41、night.(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国)答案及剖析答案及剖析: :to cool;atto cool;at根据语境可知根据语境可知, ,第一空处应该用动词不定式第一空处应该用动词不定式, ,构构成成adj./adv.+enough to doadj./adv.+enough to do结构结构, ,所以第一空填所以第一空填to cool;to cool;根据语境可知根据语境可知, ,第第二空填介词二空填介词at,at,构成短语构成短语at the same time,at the same time,表示表示“同时同时”。【典例【典例2 2】Keep Keep (hold) yo

42、ur position for a while.It helps (hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.develop your strength and flexibility.(2014(2014辽宁辽宁) )答案及剖析答案及剖析: :holdingholding根据语境可知根据语境可知, ,此处作动词此处作动词keepkeep的宾语的宾语, ,构成固定搭构成固定搭配配,keep doing sth.,keep doing sth.意思是意思是“继续做某事继续做某事”因

43、此填动词因此填动词-ing-ing形式。形式。二轮二轮英语英语【典例【典例3 3】 I had an unusual conversation with a woman about I had an unusual conversation with a woman about physical limitations.Nancy suffered physical limitations.Nancy suffered a serious disease a serious disease and she could no longer walk.and she could no longer

44、 walk.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :fromfrom考查固定词组考查固定词组suffer from,suffer from,表示表示“患患疾病疾病”。【典例【典例4 4】 It took years of work It took years of work (reduce) the industrial (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.pollution and clean the water.(2014(2014新课标全国新课标全国)答案及剖析答案及剖析: :to reduceto reduceIt takes/

45、took (sb.)+.+to do sth.It takes/took (sb.)+.+to do sth.为固定句为固定句型型, ,意思是意思是“做某事花费做某事花费( (某人某人) )多长时间多长时间”。所以此处填动词不定式。所以此处填动词不定式。二轮二轮英语英语【典例【典例5 5】 In real competition,a Tai Chi master borrows the In real competition,a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight

46、 back.strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back.The The (hard) you try to beat him,the more likely you will (hard) you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.He controls you! get hit.He controls you! 答案及剖析答案及剖析: :harderharder考查副词比较级的用法。根据语境可知考查副词比较级的用法。根据语境可知, ,此处构成固此处构

47、成固定句型定句型the more.,the more.,the more.,the more.,表示表示“越越就越就越”, ,因此填提示因此填提示词的比较级形式。词的比较级形式。【典例【典例6 6】 “ “Sir,you didnt even ask the other riders for help,Sir,you didnt even ask the other riders for help,why? What why? What I had said no and left you there?”the I had said no and left you there?”the hor

48、seman asked.horseman asked.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :ifif考查固定句型考查固定句型What if.?What if.?表示表示“要是要是将会怎么样将会怎么样? ?”二轮二轮英语英语名师在线名师在线 特殊句型结构及固定搭配在语法填空中主要考查对其掌握的特殊句型结构及固定搭配在语法填空中主要考查对其掌握的熟悉程度熟悉程度, ,所以我们要善于积累所以我们要善于积累, ,牢记固定搭配和特殊句型牢记固定搭配和特殊句型, ,答题时注意固答题时注意固定搭配的介词、名词、动词的形式和特殊句型的形式主语、连接词及相应定搭配的介词、名词、动词的形式和特殊句型的形式主语、连接词及相应时

49、态的运用等。时态的运用等。代词代词itit在特殊句型中非常活跃在特殊句型中非常活跃, ,所以考生需要特别注意包含所以考生需要特别注意包含itit的常用句型的常用句型: :(1)(1)用在动词用在动词 like,love,dislike,hate,appreciatelike,love,dislike,hate,appreciate等后作宾语。如等后作宾语。如: : I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 我讨厌人们满嘴食物说话。我讨

50、厌人们满嘴食物说话。(2)(2)作形式主语或形式宾语作形式主语或形式宾语 用于用于“It is+adj./n.+It is+adj./n.+不定式或动词不定式或动词-ing-ing形式或形式或thatthat从句从句”中。如中。如: : It is certain that he will succeed. It is certain that he will succeed.他一定会成功。他一定会成功。 用于用于“It seems/appears/happens/occurs to sb.+that It seems/appears/happens/occurs to sb.+that 从句