chapter-6-non-verbal-communication-非言语.ppt

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1、We communicate with people not only by words but also by nonverbal messages.Many of our nonverbal actions( body language) reflect cultural orientation. Eg. Smiling and shaking hands tell us that a culture values amiability. Bowing tells us another values formality and rank and status. Hindus greet e

2、ach other by placing their palms together in front of them while slightly tilting their heads down reflecting the belief that the deity exists in everyone, not in a single form. Much of nonverbal communication is universal.Our emotions and attitudes are reflected in our stance, dress, and form of ey

3、e contact. A handshake- welcome / goodbye The Importance of Nonverbal CommunicationThis gesture means OK in the U.S and many cultures, while it means zero in France, and means money in Japan. RepeatingComplementingSubstitutingRegulatingContradictingWhy do we use body language?How does nonverbal help

4、 verbal?Nonverbal messages may substitute verbal ones in certain settings. There are situations in which words cannot be used. In a very noisy street, for example, police officer might use hand gestures to replace spoken messages.c. Substituting黄淮学院外语系General Appearance and DressBody Movements: Kine

5、sicsPostureGesturesFacial expressionsEye Contact and GazeTouchSmellparalanguage Although Western business dress has been widely adopted among other cultures, you may wish to learn cultural distinctions in appropriate business attire (服装). When visiting Saudi Arabia, for example, the Saudi might wear

6、 the traditional Arabic white loose robe and headcloth or headpiece banded by a black egal. The use of clothing and physical appearance to communicate is more obvious. Clothing can reflect cultural heritage.Clothing is a reflection of a cultures value orientation. Muslin girls usually wear scarves t

7、o cover their heads, and in most instance, “girls are not allowed to participate in swimming classes because of the prohibitions against exposing their bodies.” Modesty is highly valued among Arabs.Perhaps nowhere in the world is the merger between attire and a cultures value system more evident tha

8、n in Japan. “The proclivity(倾向倾向,癖性癖性 ) for conservative dress styles and colors emphasizes the nations collectivism and, concomitantly(同时地）同时地）, lessens the potential for social disharmony arising from nonconformist attire.”American brides Indian bride Body Movement: kinesics ( (身势语行为身势语行为) ) The s

9、tudy of how movement communicates is called kinesics.It can send messages about:Our attitude toward the other person,Our emotional state,1) our desire to control our environment.In Japan, mutual bowing is largely determined by rank. Who will bow first?Low posture is an indicator of respect.Bend slig

10、htly to ones rightBecoming automatic movement, e.g. bow when making phone callIn western countries, people who stand are more important than those who sit (unless there is a table between them), because the former could control the latter.posturecountrymeaningSitting with legs crossedThe U. S.relaxe

11、dKoreasocial tabooGhana, Turkeyextremely offensiveIn parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person. Thais believe feet are the lowest part of the body, they even avoid stomping with them.A man and a woman met on the train platform. Will the woman accept the mans greeting f

12、riendly?She wont!Man:Man:“half smilehalf smile” expressionexpression a casual a casual, relaxed relaxed positionpositionlegs apartlegs apart“snapsnap” gesture gesturebodbody orientation orientationWoman:Woman:“frowningfrowning” expression expression“chin upchin up” facial facial positionposition“bac

13、kingbacking” posture posturearms close to her bodarms close to her body legs togetherlegs togetherfeet pointing inwardsfeet pointing inwardsThe person is verhe person is very relaxed relaxed, but but hehe/she is readshe is ready to move at an to move at any timetime.The person is in deep thinkinghe

14、person is in deep thinking. HeHe/she thinks that mashe thinks that may be a good be a good idea and is readidea and is ready to move after to move after the thinkingthe thinking.The person is verhe person is very glad to see the glad to see the otherother. Actuall Actually he he/she thinks that she

15、thinks that person is importantperson is important.The person is verhe person is very confident confident. HeHe/she thinks heshe thinks he/she is more she is more important than the otherimportant than the other.The person has made up hishe person has made up his/her her mindmind. He He/she is versh

16、e is very angr angry, but but tries to control himtries to control him-/herher-selfself.The person determines to control he person determines to control hishis/her feelingsher feelings, tr trying to calm ing to calm downdown.The person presents himhe person presents him-/herher-self self as an impor

17、tant manas an important man. But he But he/she she tries to be friendltries to be friendly to others to others.DEAFCGBChapter 6 Nonverbal CommunicationGesturesgesturecountrymeaningthe USrudeChina/Japan great or good job“give me a lift” the number onethumb upNigeria/IranGermany/RussiaGreece/west Afri

18、cagesturecountrymeaningmost countriesOKMoneyFrance/BelgiumRude/vulgar/obsceneArabsTunisiaextreme hostility“Ill kill you”Japan/KoreaZero/ worthlessBrazil/MexicoGermany/TurkeyGreece/Maltamaking a circle with ones thumb and index fingerMeaningGesturecountriesNo Shaking ones headyes Shaking ones headBul

19、garia, parts of Greece, Iran Arab menOther countriesmost countriesMen of Eastern Europe/Spain/Italy/Portugal/France/Russia,Kiss on the cheek A firm handshakeA loving hugA bow/ a nod of headGreet friendsmeaningcountry gesturesThe U. S.Palm up, move toward the bodysummonKoreaIndonesia, MalaysiaPalm do

20、wn, draw fingers toward the palmsomeoneParts of BurmaPalm down, fingers move like playing the piano“come here”Germany,Scandinaviatoss the head backArabsright hand out, palm up, open & close the handFilipinosquick downward nod of the headgesturecountrymeaningTurkeyProtection against the evil eyeTouch

21、ing ones earSouthern ItalyJeer at effeminacyIndiaRepentance, sincerity尼基塔.赫鲁晓夫)Beware this gestureIn the U.S. the V gesture with the palm outward means “victory” or “peace and love”.But if you make this gesture esp. with the palm inward to someone in other English-speaking countries like Britain, Ir

22、eland, Australia and New Zealand, you are giving your target an insult.In Italy the V sign is also rude. An American may use this gesture informally to mean“come here”. But if you do this in Philippine, you run therisk of being arrested and punished because this gesture is only used to summon a dog

23、there. gesturecountrymeaningsome countriesother countriesa way to showones interestRude, threatening or disrespectful eye contactraceEye contactmeaningAmericansDirect Prolonged Avoid Interest, attention, trust, respectImpertinence(impoliteness)suspiciousJapaneseProlonged Rude, threatening, disrespec

24、tfulLatin Americans,CaribbeansNative Am.Children,Avoid respectArabsProlonged Interest, help assess the truthfulness of the others wordsHopis, NavajosDirect Avoid stareOffensive Stare is an evil eye and implies a sexual and aggressive assault.How about people in China and Japan?Facial expressionHappi

25、nessSurpriseFearAngerSadnessDisgustContemptInterestBewildermentdeterminationIndifferenceDisrespectDisappointmentSuspectconcernThere are universal facial expressions for which people have similar meanings.Facial expressionFacial expression The amount of smiling, the stimulus that produces smile and w

26、hat the smile is communicating often shift from culture to culture. America intelligent, happy, friendly Japanese happy, friendly, but can mask an emotion or be used to avoid answering a question. Japanese men go so far as to hide anger, sorrow displeasure, embarrassment or disgust by laughing or sm

27、iling.Korean Too much smiling is oft. perceived as the sign of a shallow person.“The man who smiles a lot is not a real man.” Thailand “the land of smiles” smile get through difficult situations find friends open doors tear down walls express any emotion apologise greet someone ask for help start a

28、conversation make ourselves feel happier and stronger when smiling in the mirror dont feel down and lonely when seeing a smiling face of a good friend is a bridge to the worldJourard sat in coffee shops in four different cities. Whenever he saw people touch, he recorded the touch. His records are as

29、 followed: Sainthorn (Porto Rico): Sainthorn (Porto Rico): 18180 Paris: 1 Paris: 1022 G Gynswere (Florida): 2nswere (Florida): 2 London: London: 0Chapter 6 Nonverbal Intercultural CommunicationIn the Muslin world, the left hand is profane (亵渎的亵渎的) or unclean and touching someone with it is highly of

30、fensive.In Arab countries, people eat using the fingers of the right hand; the left hand is not used al all.Is there anything wrong in the picture?Paralanguage (Paralanguage (伴随语言伴随语言) )It refers to voice characteristics and vocal qualities. Paralinguistics is the study of such non-semantic aspects

31、of speech as tone, volume, pitch and tempo, pause and the like which are together with verbal information. Our voice may be one of the most informative elements in building up our images. Chapter 6 Nonverbal Communication Space and DistanceSpace and Distance A more tangible form of communication bet

32、ween people is the use and control of space. The personal space is the portable territory with invisible boundaries that expand or contract, depending on the situation. What might be the factors that will affect personal space of people?decisive factors : their gender, age, cultural setting and rela

33、tionship to their talking partners. Personal space 1.In the U.S., England, Germany, Australia Cultures that stress individualism generally demand more space than do collective cultures.2. In some Asian cultures Extended distance influenced by hierarchy demonstrates deference and esteem.3. In Scotlan

34、d and Sweden Extra interpersonal distance reflects privacy.4. In Germany Private space is sacred. 5. In Mexico The physical distance between people in conversation is closer than what is north of the border.6. In Arab Typical Arab conversations are at close range. Some cultures simply do not think o

35、f private, personal body space. e.g. Arabs of the same sex do stand much closer than North Americans. An Arab entering an elevator may stand right next to another person and be touching even though no one else is in the elevator. Sometimes, fifty Africans can crowd into the same amount of space that

36、 holds only twenty North Americans.Culture and Space keeping P147 跨文化商务沟通案例教程跨文化商务沟通案例教程 作者：庄恩平出版社：上海外语教育出版社作者：庄恩平出版社：上海外语教育出版社Chapter 6 Nonverbal CommunicationSeating In the United States, they tend to talk with those opposite them rather than those seated or stand beside them. T h e C h i n e s e

37、o f t e n experience uneasiness when they face someone directly or sit on opposite side of a desk or table from someone. How about Koreans and Japanese?Chapter 6 Nonverbal Intercultural Communication Furniture arrangement French space is a reflection of French culture. Everything is centralized, and

38、 spatially the entire country is laid out around centers.In Germany, where privacy is stressed, office furniture is spread throughout the office.In Japan, where group participation is encouraged, many desks are arranged hierarchically in the center of a large, common room absent of walls.Chinese geo

39、mancy (泥土占卜泥土占卜), feng shui, is the art of arranging the physical environment to establish harmony with the natural environment to achieve happiness, prosperity, and health. “When can we meet?” asked George.“Ah. This week is very busy,” replied Mr. Li.“It sure is,” said George, “How about 10 oclock

40、tomorrow? Meet you here.”“Tomorrow at 10 oclock?” asked Mr. Li thoughtfully.“Right,” said George, “Ill see you then?”“Hmm, yes, tomorrow,” was the reply.The next day at 10 oclock he went to Mr. Lis companys exhibit only to find that Mr. Li had some important business and was not able to meet with George. He called back later in the day and was told that Mr. Li was not available.Thank you for your Attention