lessonPubTalkandtheKing'sEnglish高英学习课程.pptx

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1、Aims1.To learn the methods in developing an expository writing, esp. the use of examples2. To know how to make a good conversation3. To learn the differences between “pub talk” and the Kings English 4.To analyse the features of spoken English5.To appreciate the language features 第1页/共226页第一页，编辑于星期六：

2、五点 六分。2Teaching procedure Introduction to the author Warming-up discussions Analysis of the type of writing The macro-structure of the text Detailed analysis Homework第2页/共226页第二页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。3 Henry Fairlie 1924-1990 British-Born Writer On American Politics (NY Times) political journalist and socia

3、l critic 第3页/共226页第三页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。The AuthorThe Author a British journalist for The Spectator, which he joined in 1955. Before that he had been a feature writer for The Observer 1948-50, and a political editorial writer for The Times 1950-54. He was also a regular contributor to The New Republic fr

4、om the mid-1970s until his death in 1990. He relocated to the United States in 1965 to avoid a British libel (诽谤) suit, for having called his one-time lover Antonia Fraser a whore on television. 第4页/共226页第四页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。The Author He coined the term The Establishment in his column in The Spectator

5、on 23 September, 1955. Fairlie wrote: By the “Establishment”, I do not only mean the centres of official powerthough they are certainly part of itbut rather the whole matrix of official and social relations within which power is exercised. The exercise of power in Britain (more specifically, in Engl

6、and) cannot be understood unless it is recognised that it is exercised socially.权利机构，社会关系网第5页/共226页第五页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。His worksHis works The Life of Politics, 1969. The Kennedy Promise, 1973. The Spoiled Child of the Western World: The Miscarriage of the American Idea in Our Time, 1976. The Parties: R

7、epublicans and Democrats in This Century, 1978. The Seven Deadly Sins Today, 1978. A Journey into America, 1985. (With Mary Gordon and Alexander Theroux) The Revenge of Failure: The Culture of Envy and Rage, 1994. 第6页/共226页第六页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。Warm-up What is the nature of language? How is language rela

8、ted to culture, politics, and society? 第7页/共226页第七页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。8Pre-reading questionsPre-reading questions What do you know about pubs? What do you think is a good conversation? What is your view on “the Kings English”? What does the title first impress you? Is the title of the piece aptly chosen?

9、 Can you give a better title?第8页/共226页第八页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。 The title of this piece is not well chosen. It misleads the readers into thinking that the writer is going to demonstrate some intrinsic or linguistic relationship between pub talk and the Kings English. Whereas the writer, in reality, is just

10、discoursing on what makes good conversation. The writer feels that bar conversation in a pub has a charm of its own and illustrates his point by describing the charming conversation he had with some people one evening in a pub on the topic “the Kings English”. “The Art of Good Conversation”, would,

11、perhaps, have been a better title for this piece.第9页/共226页第九页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。10 History of Britain (a history of invasions)1. Natives in Britain: Celts Language: Celt2. 43AD, Roman Conquest, ruled for 400yrs Language: Latin3. 449, Anglos, Saxons, Jutes from the Northwest Germany conquered most part of

12、 England Language: old English第10页/共226页第十页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。114. 9th century, Scandinavian conquest Language: Danish5. 11th century, Norman Conquest, 400yrs Language: French6. British people conquered the conquerors Language: English won its recognition 第11页/共226页第十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。12History of English

13、Old English (7th- 11th centuries) a combination of the native Celtic language, and the language of Jutes, Anglo-Saxons from Northern Europe Middle English (11th -15th centuries) a combination of English and French after the Norman Conquest (1066) Modern English (15th century- present)第12页/共226页第十二页，

14、编辑于星期六：五点 六分。20th Century English During the 19th and early 20th centuries many dictionaries and books about language were published. New words are still being added to English from other languages, including Chinese (feng shui) and Japanese (karaoke). Existing words gain new senses, and new express

15、ions spread quickly through television and the Internet.第13页/共226页第十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。 English is now an international language and is used as a means of communication between people from many countries. As a result the influences on the English language are wider than ever and it is possible that Wor

16、ld English will move away from using a British or American standard and establish its own international identity.第14页/共226页第十四页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。第15页/共226页第十五页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。A British PubAlong the bank of Thames第16页/共226页第十六页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。第17页/共226页第十七页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。British Pub You have to be 18 years ol

17、d to order a drink in a pub. Some pubs will allow people over 14 years old to go inside if they are with someone who is over 18, but they are not allowed to go to the bar or to have an alcoholic drink.第18页/共226页第十八页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。第19页/共226页第十九页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。British Pub Open: SUMMER: Mon-Sat: 12-11; S

18、un: 12-10:30; WINTER: Mon-Sat: 5-11; Sun: 12-10:30 第20页/共226页第二十页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。British Pub Most pubs have no waiters-you have to go to the bar to buy drinks. A group of youths waiting 45 minutes before they realized they would have to fetch their own. This may sound inconvenient, but there is a hidd

19、en purpose. 第21页/共226页第二十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。British Pub Pub culture is designed to promote sociability in a society known for its reserve. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others waiting to be served. The bar counter is possibly the only site in the British Isles in which friendl

20、y conversation with strangers is considered entirely appropriate and really quite normal behaviour. 第22页/共226页第二十二页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。British Pub Pubs, besides offering drinks and food, serve as places for meeting friends and for entertainment. Many have, for instance, television sets, amusement machines

21、 and juke-boxes and provide facilities for playing darts (飞镖), billiards (台球), dominoes and similar games. Some also employ musicians for evening entertainment, such as piano playing, folk singing and modern jazz.juke-boxes: a machine that automatically plays a selected musical recording when a coin

22、 is inserted.第23页/共226页第二十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。第24页/共226页第二十四页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。English Bitter Bitter is traditional British beer (also known as ale). It is quite strong and leaves a bitter taste in your mouth after drinking. It is usually served at room temperature. - Light ales (or mild brews), contain few

23、er hops (啤酒花) and are less alcoholic. - Strong ales have a high alcoholic content and a strong flavour. 第25页/共226页第二十五页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。第26页/共226页第二十六页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。Wine Wine is an increasingly popular drink in the UK. - house wine (red or white). Cider is a traditional English alcoholic drink made fro

24、m apples. Whisky is a strong drink produced in Scotland and in Ireland. 第27页/共226页第二十七页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。第28页/共226页第二十八页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。Drinks In summertime a popular drink is Pimms and lemonade. This is a traditional cocktail of either Pimms Number 1 (based on gin杜松子酒) or Pimms Number 6 (based on vodka)

25、together with ice, citrus (柑橘属) fruits (lemon/orange/lime) and lemonade/ginger ale (干姜水). 第29页/共226页第二十九页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。Cheese & onion crisps It is common to ask for snacks to eat with your drink. Common snacks: -crisps -peanuts -smoky bacon and beef 第30页/共226页第三十页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。Pub friends Bar friend

26、s are companions, not intimates. They are friends but not intimate enough to be curious about each others private life and thoughts.Pub friends第31页/共226页第三十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。Type of literature 1). Type of literature: a piece of exposition 2). The purpose of a piece of exposition: - to inform or explai

27、n, put forth, expound with verifiable facts and valid information so that the reader will accept his point of view or explanation. There is generally a “thesis statement” in such writing. 3). Ways of developing the thesis of a piece of exposition: comparison, contrast, analogy, identification, illus

28、tration, analysis, definition, etc. 第32页/共226页第三十二页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。Introduction to the Passage What is the thesis statement? The thesis is expressed in the opening sentence “Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities”. What is the main idea of the passage? General discussion on what mak

29、es good conversation第33页/共226页第三十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。Detailed study of the text The title: an interesting pub talk which centered around the meaning of the phrase “the Kings English”. pub talk: conversation held in public house. Kings English (or Queens English): Supposedly correct or standard English (

30、esp. British English) as to grammar and pronunciation. 第34页/共226页第三十四页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。 Conversation human activities: More than any other human activity, conversation helps to promote an agreeable, pleasant and informal relationship among people. sociable: friendly or agreeable; willing to talk and en

31、gage in activities with others. eg. Being a sociable person, Eva loves entertaining. The Smiths are a sociable family. a sociable party 社交聚会第35页/共226页第三十五页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。 And it is an activity only of humans - And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings. (Animals and birds

32、are not capable of conversation).第36页/共226页第三十六页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。However intricate name of conversation: intricate: very complicated or detailed. eg. an intricate network of canals. However intricate: no matter how intricateCommunicate: to give or change information, signals or messages in any way.Dese

33、rve the name of: to have the right to be called; be worthy of the name of第37页/共226页第三十七页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。 indulge: give way to ones own desire eg. Dont indulge yourself too freely with liquors. indulge in: allow to enjoy; become involved in eg. Occasionally he indulged in the luxury of a good cigar. I

34、dont indulge in idle gossip. indulgence: n. the action or facts of indulging eg. Constant indulgence in gambling brought about his ruins.第38页/共226页第三十八页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。 How to understand the whole sentence? No matter how complicated the manner in which animals make known their intentions to each other

35、, they do not go in for any activity which might be called conversation.第39页/共226页第三十九页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。 Para.1.1) Whats the main idea of this paragraph?2) Paraphrase the first sentence.第40页/共226页第四十页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。Para. 21)What is the main idea of this paragraph? what makes a good conversation第41页/共226

36、页第四十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。1) How do you understand “meander, leap, sparkle, and glow”?第42页/共226页第四十二页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。43Mixed metaphor Stream: meander: flow slowly turning here and there; flow placidly and aimlessly leap: jump over; flow quickly and joyously onwards Fire: sparkle: burn brightly with flashes

37、of light. glow: burn steadily without flamemeander/ sparkle - smooth / peacefulleap / glow - exciting / heated 第43页/共226页第四十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。 What does this sentence mean? It does not need a special topic to start a conversation. Anything may start a good conversation. And once started no one knows h

38、ow or where it will end. Thats why conversation is delightful and charming.第44页/共226页第四十四页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。2) What are some characteristics of good conversation? starts from anywhere at any time, goes freely (Sent. 1-2) is not for convincing others (Sent. 3-4) requires no winners (Sent. 5) A good conve

39、rsationalist lets the conversation go freely (Sent. 6-8)第45页/共226页第四十五页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。 The enemy “something to say”: Good conversation is generally spoilt by people who think they have a lot of important things to say. Conversation is not for making a point: Conversation is not for persuading others

40、to accept our idea or point of view. In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.第46页/共226页第四十六页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。make a point - prove effectively truth of ones statement by argument or in some other way.立论； 证明观点 This is the first point I want to make. In this case

41、he made a point. 在这一点上，他发表了自己的观点。第47页/共226页第四十七页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。 There is no winning in conversation In a conversation, one does not try to prove oneself right and the others wrong. We may argue but we neednt try to convince others that they are wrong and we are right. In fact, the best conversational

42、ists In fact, a person who is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.第48页/共226页第四十八页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。in a flash - in a second In a flash he realized that they were presents from his patients. Everything happened in a flash. a flash in the pan (昙花一现）第49

43、页/共226页第四十九页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。They are ready to let it go. - They are ready to give up the opportunity to tell one of their best anecdotes (because the conversation has moved onto other subjects)第50页/共226页第五十页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。Upbringing - the training and education received while growing upHis upbringing e

44、xplains a lot about his attitude towards women.This is an exaggeration of the author for he didnt grow up in a pub. He was only a frequenter of pubs.第51页/共226页第五十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。of ones own - belong strictly to oneselfShe has a mind of her own. 她颇有主见。For reasons of his own, he refused to join the cl

45、ub.第52页/共226页第五十二页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。 How to understand the whole sentence? Perhaps it is because Ive spent so much of my time in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a special charm.第53页/共226页第五十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。 Bar friends are not deeply involved in each others lives. People who meet each oth

46、er for a drink in a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each others lives.第54页/共226页第五十四页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。 The fact that not a concern: It is not a matter of interest or importance if their marriages are breaking up, or their love affairs have broken or they are just cross

47、or grouchy. on the rocks: metaphor, comparing a marriage to a ship wrecked on the rocks; ( to be in a condition of ruin or catastrophe)第55页/共226页第五十五页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。on the rocks -8 infml clich1. wrecked or ruinedMr. Jones business was on the rocks. = His business was losing money and almost ruined.第5

48、6页/共226页第五十六页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。82.with ice only Sally ordered an orange juice on the rocks.= Sally ordered an orange juice with ice cubes. Marriage is compared to a ship wrecked on the rocks.on the rolls 在名单上在名单上on the run adv. 跑着跑着, 逃跑逃跑, 奔走奔走, 被通辑着被通辑着on the spot adv. 当场当场, 在危险中在危险中, 处于负责地位处于负责地位第57页/

49、共226页第五十七页，编辑于星期六：五点 六分。1. get out of bed on the wrong side get up on the wrong side of the bed an idiomatic expression . It means to be cross or in a bad temper for the day. The meaning is perhaps derived from the expression: You got out of bed the wrong way. It was an ancient superstition that it

50、was unlucky to set the left foot on the ground first getting out of bed. Getting out of bed on the wrong side will bring you bad luck. The wrong side is usually the left side. When one get out of bed on the wrong side, it usually means youre in the bad mood. Go back to bed and get up on the right si