高一英语重点语法总结(共5页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高一英语重点语法总结直接引语和间接引语 1. 直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的调整。 eg: He said :I broke your CD player. (一般过去时改成过去完成时) He told me he had broken my CD player. Jenny said, I have lost a book. (现在完成时改成过去完成时) Jenny said she had lost a book. Mum said,Ill go to see a friend. (一般将来时改成过去将来时) Mum said she would go
2、 to see a friend. 过去完成时保留原有的时态 He said, We hadnt finished our homework. He said they hadnt finished their homework. 注意 直接引语是客观真理,过去进行时,时态不变。 2 在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰,从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如: Mary said, :My brother is an engineer. Mary said her brother was and engineer. 3 直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句
3、或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。如: He said,Can you run, Mike? He asked Mike whether/if he could run. 4. 直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg等) + (not) to do sth.句型。如: pass me the water, please.said he. He asked him to pass her the water. 5. 直接引语如果是以Lets开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用suggest+动名词或从句的结构。如: She s
4、aid, Lets go to the cinema. She suggested going to the cinema. 或She suggested that they should go to the cinema. 现在进行时表将来的动作 现在进行时表将来的动作,谓语通常为瞬间动词。如:come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。这些动词的进行时后不能再接具体的时间。 (1)用现在进行时表示将来,指的是近期的,按计划或安排要发生的动作。 (2)现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别在于:前者通常用瞬间动词(有
5、时一些常用动词也可以这样用如:do)如:go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持续性动词。 He is reading a novel. 他在看小说。 The train is arriving soon. 火车就要进站了。 (3)用现在进行时表示将来的时间,在句中或上下文中通常有表示将来时间的状语。 (4)现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别在于:前者表示的将来的动作往往是可以改变的,而后者则是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情,因此往往是不可改变或不可随便改变的。 What are you doing next Friday? 下星
6、期五你们打算干什么?The plane takes off at 7:30 tonight. 飞机今晚七点半起飞。限定性定语从句 1、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who ( 宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when,关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用, 同时又作定语从句的一个成份。 The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. 住在我的隔壁的人是卖菜的。
7、在该句中the man 是先行词,who 是关系代词,引导定语从句who lives next to us.在定语从句中,who 作主语。 2、由关系代词who, whom, which, that引导的限定性定语从句。 1)如果先行词是人,则用关系代词who/that; 如果先行词是物,则用关系代词which/that。 The number of people who/that lost homes reached as many as 250,000. 无家可归的人多达25万。 It sounded like a train that was going under my house.
8、它听起来就像是在我的房子下行驶的一列火车。 2)关系代词who, whom, which, that既起联系作用,引导定语从句,使之同它句中的某个名词/代词发生关系,同时又充当定语从句的一个成份。(如作从句中的主语或宾语)。当它们在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略。 The boy(who/whom/that)we saw yesterday was Johns brother. 我们昨天见到的那个男孩是约翰的兄弟。 The car (which/that)my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. 我叔叔刚买的那辆汽车在地震上毁坏了。
9、 说明:关系代词whom用来指人,是宾格,常用在书面语中作定语从句的宾语。在口语和非正式文体中,常用who/that来代替whom或省略,如例句4。 3)当关系代词that或which修饰事物,作介词宾语时,如果介词位于关系代词之前,则用which(不能省)而不用that。 The tool with which he is working is called a saw = The tool(that/which)he is working with is called a saw.他干活的那个工具叫锯子(不说with that) The factory in which his fathe
10、r used to work was closed last month = the factory (that/which) his father used to work in was closed last month. 他父亲以前工作过的那家工厂上个月关闭了。 说明:含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面。 Is this the watch (which/that)you are looking for? 这是你正在找的那块手表吗? The babies(whom/that)the nurses are looking after are very healthy. 那些
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