2019-2020同步译林英语必修五新突破讲义：Unit 1 Section Ⅳ　Language points（Ⅱ） （Word powerGrammar and usage & Task） .doc

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1、Section Language points() (Word power，Grammar and usage & Task).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。1I drop the letter into the mailbox(邮箱)in front of the post office.2To achieve my goal，I overcame(克服) a series of unimaginable and challenging difficulties when young.3They will concentrate on teaching the basics o

2、f reading，writing and arithmetic(算术)4We took the children to the circus yesterday afternoon.5The paintings were sold for absurd prices.6Having no choice but to let out cries of anger，she felt hopeless.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。1amuse vt.娱乐，消遣；使愉快amused adj.愉快的；被逗乐的amusing adj.令人愉快的；有趣的，好玩的amusement n娱乐，消

3、遣2identify vt.识别，鉴定identification n鉴别，身份证明identity n身份3acquaint vt.使熟悉，使认识acquainted adj.熟悉的，知晓的acquaintance n泛泛之交，熟人；略有交情，(与某人)认识.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语。1get through (用电话)接通；通过；经历2stay up 熬夜，不睡觉3put off 推迟，延期4in advance 提前，预先5agree with 和意见一致，同意.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空。1We will put off the picnic in the park unt

4、il next week，when the weather may be better.2I agree with him about the way of solving the problem.3We got through a fortune while we were in New York!4They stayed up late trying to figure out a way to solve the problem. 名词lessadj.prep.n.介词短语careless adj.粗心的useless adj.无用的harmless adj.无害的by accident

5、 偶然in detail 详细地beyond doubt 不用怀疑1You know I would rather visit the dentist than study algebra and arithmetic!你知道我宁愿去看牙医也不愿学代数和算术！记句式结构would rather do.than do.“宁愿做而不愿做”。仿写促落实Li Dong would rather keep worries to himself than share them with his friends.李东宁愿自己一个人担心也不愿和他的朋友们一起分担。2Why not come to London

6、 next Easter?为什么不在下一个复活节来伦敦呢？记句式结构Why not do.？“为什么不做”是表示建议的句型。仿写促落实I suddenly got an idea：why not give the rooms a thorough cleaning?我突然想到一个主意：为什么不对这些房间进行大扫除呢？3It seems that his behaviour hasnt hurt his studies.看上去他的行为还没有影响到他的学习。记句式结构It seems that.“看起来”，是“主系表”结构。仿写促落实It seems that none of my classma

7、tes want to be my friend because Im fat.看上去我的同学没有一个想做我的朋友，因为我很胖。 stay up深夜不睡觉；熬夜；挺住(教材P7)We stay up at night and talk about many things.我们谈天说地，聊到深夜。stay in 留在家里；不外出stay out 不在家；在外过夜stay behind 留在后面；留下来stay still 静止不动stay calm 保持镇定stay away from 离远点，躲避I know that it is difficult to stay calm，but ther

8、e is nothing to worry about.我知道保持镇定很难，但是实在是没什么好担心的。Can you stay behind after the others have gone and help me clear up?你能不能等别人走后留下来帮我收拾收拾？Im glad hes staying away from smoking.我很高兴他正在戒烟。 persuade vt.说服，劝说(教材P9)Im so glad I have persuaded you to apologize to Rachel.我很高兴说服了你向雷切尔道歉。 说服某人做某事 说服某人不做某事 使某

9、人相信Can you persuade her out of her foolish plans?你能劝她放弃她那些愚蠢的计划吗？How can I persuade you of my sincerity?我如何能够让你相信我的诚意？He persuaded me to lend(lend)him all my savings.他说服我把我所有的存款借给了他。 amusement nU娱乐，消遣C娱乐活动，消遣活动(教材P9)We could go to the amusement park or even to the circus！我们可以去游乐场甚至去马戏团！(1)for amusem

10、ent为消遣to ones amusement 让某人感到好笑的是(2)amuse vt. 娱乐，消遣；使愉快(3)amusing adj. 好笑的amused adj. 觉得好笑的I can take you for a walk.There are many nice places for amusement near here.我可以带你去周围走走，附近有很多好玩的地方。Much to her amusement，the actors wig fell off.令她感到极为好笑的是，那个演员的假发掉下来了。I didnt find the joke amusing(amuse) at a

11、ll.我认为这笑话一点儿也不好笑。There was an amused(amuse) look on his face.他脸上带着愉悦的表情。 put off 推迟，延期(教材P10)I have to put off shopping till tomorrow.我不得不把购物推迟到明天。put aside节省；储蓄；储存put away 放好；积蓄put on 穿上；演出put out 熄灭；生产put up 举起，建立，张贴，投宿put down 放下，记下，让下车Dont put off what should be done today till tomorrow.(谚语)今日事今

12、日毕。They put up a board saying the homeless can put up in their home.他们竖起一块木板，上面写道：无家可归的人可以在他们家留宿。Shes put aside a sum of money for her retirement.她存了一笔钱以备退休之用。 discourage v劝阻，阻止；使失去信心，使泄气(教材P11)Mum discourages me from chatting online.妈妈阻止我网聊。(1)discourage sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事discourage doing st

13、h. 阻止做某事(2)discouraged adj. 气馁的discouraging adj. 令人气馁的(3)encourage vt. 鼓励，鼓舞encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事Teachers should discourage their students from smoking and drinking.老师应劝阻学生吸烟喝酒。(2018天津高考完形填空)Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and encouraged them.我没有把我的孩子看成失败者，而是推动和鼓励他们。It was d

14、iscouraging(discourage) that there was no news about the missing mountain climbers.失踪的登山者一直没有消息，真是令人感到沮丧。Dont be so discouraged(discourage)！Cheer up and everything will be OK.不要这么气馁！振作起来，一切都会好起来的。 overcome vt.克服，解决(教材P13)We will listen to your problems and offer you practical advice on how to overco

15、me them.我们将倾听你的问题并就如何解决它们提供实际的建议。overcome difficulties/obstacles/problems克服困难/障碍/解决问题be overcome by/with 被压倒/制服； 受到的极大影响(2018天津高考阅读理解C)Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome.尽管最近3D食品打印技术取得了进展，但该行业仍有许多挑战需要克服。They overcame all kinds of difficultie

16、s and fulfilled the task.他们克服了所有的困难并完成了任务。When I heard the news，I was overcome by/with fear and despair.当我听到那个消息时，我感到恐惧和绝望。 get through(用电话)接通，联系上；用完，消耗掉；处理，完成；通过(考试等)；渡过(困境)(教材P13)Our lines can get very busy，but please keep trying and you will soon get through.我们的线路可能很忙，但是请不断尝试，不久你就会接通的。写出下列句中get t

17、hrough的含义Have you got through with your work？ 完成I couldnt get through to you yesterday though I tried several times. (用电话)接通Tom failed the exam but his sister got through. 通过(考试)We got through a large amount of money while we were on holiday.用完，消耗掉get across(使)被理解，解释清楚get away 度假，休假；脱身；离开get away wi

18、th 做错事未受惩罚get down to sth./doing sth. 开始某事/做某事get over 克服，从(疾病)中恢复get in 收获，收割I had created a way to get my message across using as few words as possible.我想出了一种能言简意赅地表达自己的意思的方法。Dont think you can get away with telling lies.不要以为你撒了谎就可以这样算了。Im going to get down to studying(study) English this term.这学期

19、我要认真学英语了。 acquaintance n泛泛之交，熟人；略有交情，(与某人)认识(教材P15)One or two good friends are better than 100 acquaintances.一两个好朋友胜过100个泛泛之交。(1)have(no/little)acquaintance with (不)熟悉，(不)了解have a nodding acquaintance with 与有点头之交结识某人(2)acquaint vt. 使了解；使认识acquaint oneself with. 了解(3)acquainted adj. 了解；熟悉be acquainte

20、d with. 了解，认识I made his acquaintance long ago.I made the acquaintance of him long ago.我早已跟他结识了。She said that she had no acquaintance with modern poetry.她说她不了解现代诗。You will first need to acquaint(acquaint) yourself with the filing system.你首先需要熟悉文件归档方法。 (教材P9)You know I would rather visit the dentist t

21、han study algebra and arithmetic!你知道我宁愿去看牙医也不愿学代数和算术！要点提炼would rather.than.宁愿而不愿 would rather（not） do sth.宁愿（不）做某事would rather have done sth. 宁愿做过某事（但实际, 未做） I would remain poor rather than get money by dishonest means.我宁可安于贫穷，也不愿用不正当的手段赚钱。We went by sea，but I would rather have gone by air.我们是乘船去的，不

22、过我倒宁愿乘飞机去。Id rather you went (go) tomorrow/now.我宁愿你明天/现在去。Id rather you hadnt done (not do) that yesterday.我宁愿昨天你没那样做。 (教材P9)Why not come to London next Easter?为什么不在下一个复活节来伦敦呢？ 要点提炼句中“Why not come.？”为“Why not do sth.？”句型。(1)Why not do sth.？意为“为什么不做某事呢？”，相当于“Why dont you do sth.？”，该句型常用来向别人提建议。(2)提建议

23、的其他句型：Youd better(not) do. 你最好(不)做You should/ought to/are supposed to do. 你应该做(I think)Its better for you to do. (我认为)你做更好。I suggest you(should) do.I advise you to do. 我建议你做How/What about doing.? 做怎么样？Would you like/love to do. 你愿意做吗？Why dont you go upstairs and lie down for a bit?你为什么不上楼去躺一会儿呢？You

24、are supposed to be responsible for them.你是应当对他们负责的。What about climbing(climb) the mountain this weekend?这个周末去爬山怎么样？ (教材P16)It seems that his behaviour hasnt hurt his studies.看上去他的行为还没有影响到他的学习。要点提炼句中It seems that.是“主系表”结构。其中it无实际意义，指的是某种情况，seems为系动词，that引导的是表语从句。It seems to sb.that.在某人看来/依某人看It seems

25、 as if. 看起来，似乎There seems to be. 看上去似乎有Sb.seems to do/have done. 某人看上去要做/已经做了 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west，so it seems as if the sun was circling round the earth.太阳东升西落，因此，看上去好像是太阳正围着地球转。There seems to be(be) no rubbish in the dustbin.Who has emptied it?看上去垃圾箱里没有垃圾了，谁把它倒了呢？.单句语法填空1

26、I feel very sleepy now because I stayed up late yesterday.2Much to the amusement of passersby，they were dancing and singing in the car.3With Helens strong will and intelligence，combined with her teachers skill and patience，they overcame(overcome)all the difficulties.4Luckily，I managed to get through

27、 the game and the pain was worth it in the end.5She has many acquaintances(acquaint)in the business community.6No one can imagine the difficulty he had persuading(persuade)his son to get rid of the habit of playing computer games.7It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health.We oug

28、ht to be focusing on discouraging(discourage)kids from smoking.8We would rather our daughter stayed(stay)at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.9It seems that it is more difficult for women to get to the top of the company.10Why should it be put off till next month?.完

29、成句子1我宁愿她因没能参加杰克的生日晚会已经向他道歉了。I would rather she had apologized to Jack for not attending his birthday party.(apologize)2你不知道怎么读这个词，为什么不查阅一下字典呢？You dont know how to read the word，why not look it up in a dictionary？(why not)3天空似乎要放晴了，明天有望是个好天气。It seems that the sky will clear up，and it promises to be a fine day tomorrow.(it seems that.)4一个微笑可以帮助我们渡过困境。A smile can help us get through difficult situations(get through)5一旦攻下这一难题，其他问题就好解决了。Once this difficulty is overcome，other problems will be easy to solve.(overcome)