雅思写作重点词汇总结：动物保护类.doc

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1、动物类题目1.动物实验2.保护野生动物3.饲养宠物4.动物园是否有用？5.动物是衣服和食物的来源6.动物作为食物61.vivisection活体解剖2.perform experiments on animals在动物身上做试验3.test animals用于实验的动物4.be subjected to experiments被迫接受试验5.animal rights动物权利6.clinical research临床研究7.cruel残忍的8.extremist极端主义者9.medical research医学研究10.origin of species物种起源11.alternative m

2、ethod替代的方法12.biological diversity生物多样性13.natural balance自然平衡14.equilibrium of ecosystem生态平衡15.coexistence共存16.endangered animals濒危动物17.diversity of species物种多样性18.shameless令人羞愧的19.barbaric野蛮的20.live and let live活着就是与万物共存21.meaningless没有意义的22.dominant species优势物种23.laboratory实验室24.vaccine疫苗25.infring

3、ement践踏26.right to live生存权27.torture折磨28.anti-science反科学的29.life-threatening diseases危及生命的疾病30.scientific gains科学成果31.an ever-lasting theme一个永恒的主题32.evolution进化puter simulation电脑模拟34.groundless没有理由的35.humane人道的36.medical technology医疗技术37.anatomy解剖38.equal公平的39.unreliable不可信赖的40.valid有效的、正当的41. be co

4、nvicted for.被认定有罪 42. using live animals in clinical training program用活动物做临床试验 100911 Some people think it is necessary to use animals for testing medicines intended for human use. Others, however, think it is cruel to do that. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.1. 动物实验的合理性是一个极具争议的话题。 The

5、rationality of animals experiment is one of the most debatable topics nowadays.2. 有些人认为，用动物做医疗实验是很有必要的，目的是为人类所用；然而其他人认为此事很残忍。There are some people who argue it is essential to test medicines by using animals for human use, while others claim that it is bloody to perform that.3. 这两种观点各有利弊。There are a

6、dvantages and disadvantages for both of the arguments.承1. 用动物做医疗实验是很重要的一项医药研究方法。Experiment on animals is an essential medicines research approach.2. 人类可以获得大量的临床数据，因为这种实验更有效。Human could obtain a great quantity of clinical data as the experiment seems to be more effective.3. 比如说，医学家经常用小白鼠做实验，研究治疗癌症药物的

7、有效性。RemedyFor example, medicines scientists always use mice to conduct experiments, researching medicines usefulness.4. 如果让癌症病人尝试新药，风险很大，容易产生医疗事故。medical negligenceIf cancer patients are allowed to try new medicines, risking significantly and easily causing/leading to medical negligence.5. 进一步说，用白鼠做

8、实验，可以降低实验成本，因为它们繁殖快，饲养方便。MultiplyFurthermore, testing on white mice may contribute to the decline of cost, as they multiply quickly as well as being raised conveniently.6. 可见，用动物于医药研究可提高效率、降低风险和成本。Generally, using animals to test medicines may significantly increase efficiency and reduce risks and c

9、osts.转1. 然而，因大量使用动物做药物实验，产生很多问题。On the other hand, as lots of animals are used to test medicines, there are many problems.2. 事实上，这种实验容易产生新的病毒。In fact, it is easy to produce new viruses in the research lab.3. 据报道，很多流行感冒的爆发很可能源于这种医学实验。It is reported that breaking out of major flu probably originates/c

10、omes/stems from medicines researches.4. 因此，环保主义者和动物保护者都一致反对这种实验，因为它的残酷。Defenders of WildlifeTherefore, both defenders of wildlife and environmentalists oppose/are against this kind of experiments because of its cruelty.5. 他们认为， 人与动物都是大自然的重要组成部分，所以动物实验是违背自然规律的做法。They think that human and animals are

11、important components of nature, so animal experiments are against natural law. 动物权利活动者继续威胁恐吓对有争议的动物研究实验室所属的公司。 Animal rights activists are continuing a campaign of threats and intimidation against scores of companies linked to the controversial animal research laboratory. 该公司合法进行医药试验The firm is lice

12、nsed to carry out testing for pharmaceutical .进行重要生物医药研究而不受到威胁或者骚扰to conduct vital biomedical research research without being harassed and threatened. 鼓励使用模拟技术取代活动物to endorse the use of simulation technologies to replace live animale use in sergery training programFurther reading:Animal TestingAnima

13、l testing may be necessary, but we need to be mercifulEvery year, millions of animals undergo painful suffering or death as a result of scientific research into the effects of drugs, food additives, cosmetics and other chemical products. While most people think animal testing is necessary, others ar

14、e upset by what they see as needless suffering. This essay looks at some of the positive and negative aspects of animal testing. Many medical treatments and procedures have been developed from experiments on animals. Since animals share many features with humans, scientists use animals to test the s

15、afety and effectiveness of newly developed drugs before pilot testing on small groups of patients. Medical teams practice new operating techniques such as transplants on animals. Without animal testing, many procedures or new drugs would be extremely unsafe. However, many people are concerned that a

16、nimals are suffering unnecessarily and cruelly. They do not believe that every new drug needs to be tested on animals, especially with the huge database of knowledge and modern computer models. They also are worried that many animal tests are ineffective, pointing out that any drugs have had to be w

17、ithdrawn from the market despite extensive testing. They particularly feel that animal testing should not be used for non-essential products such as cosmetics, shampoos, soaps, and cleaning products. Furthermore, some campaigners would like to see certain tests replaced and more humane methods used.

18、 We need to make sure that the millions of animals who are used for testing new products are treated with the minimum of suffering. Although some animal testing may be unavoidable at present, treating our fellow creatures as mercifully as possible will demonstrate our humanity.267 wordsAnimal Testin

19、gThere is no alternativeEvery day, thousands of people are saved from painful diseases and death by powerful medical drugs and treatments. This incredible gift of medicine would not be possible without animal testing. Despite these overwhelming benefits, however, some people are calling for animal t

20、esting to be banned because of alleged cruelty. This essay will examine arguments for and against animal testing.Those against the use of animal testing claim that it is inhumane to use animals in experiments. I disagree completely. It would be much more inhumane to test new drugs on children or adu

21、lts. Even if it were possible, it would also take much longer to see potential effects, because of the length of time we live compared to laboratory animals such as rats or rabbits.Opponents of animal testing also claim that the results are not applicable to humans. This may be partly true. Some dru

22、gs have had to be withdrawn, despite testing. However, we simply do not have alternative methods of testing. Computer models are not advanced enough, and testing on plants is much less applicable to humans than tests on animals such as monkeys. Until we have a better system, we must use animal testi

23、ng.A further point often raised against animal testing is that it is cruel. Some of the tests certainly seem painful, but the great majority of people on this planet eat meat or wear leather without any guilt. Where is their sympathy for animals? Furthermore, animals clearly do not feel the same way

24、 as humans, and scientists are careful to minimize stress in the animals, since this would damage their research.I agree that we need to make sure that animals who are used for testing new products have the minimum of suffering.However, I am convinced that animal testing is necessary, and that it wi

25、ll continue to benefit humans in new and wonderful ways.311 wordsAnimal TestingAdvantages of Animal Testing in Medical Research Medical research involving animals has dramatically improved the health of the human race. Without animal testing, the cure for polio would not exist and diabetics would su

26、ffer or die from their disease. Despite these benefits, some people believe that animals should be not be used for testing medical techniques and drugs. This essay will outline the advantages of animal testing. Animal testing allows scientists to test and create new drugs. Animals such as monkeys or

27、 rabbits have similar physical processes to humans. This allows scientists to test the effects of certain drugs. If a drug produces adverse effects in animals it is probably unfit for human use. Animal testing is cheap. There is a large supply of animals for medical research. Animals are easily bred

28、, and maintained safely in controlled labs. The costs of testing in humans would be extremely high.Many people argue that animal testing is cruel. In some cases this is true. However it would be much more cruel to test new drugs on people or children, or to let people die because there was not enoug

29、h information about a drug. Furthermore, legislation in most countries sets standards for animal treatment, and laboratories have guidelines to prevent cruelty.Opponents of animal research also say that information from animals does not apply to humans. They point to certain commercial drugs which h

30、ave been withdrawn because of side-effects in humans While it is true that animal systems differ from human systems, there are enough similarities to apply information from animals to humans.Animal rights campaigners claim that we dont need new tests because we already have vast amounts of informati

31、on. However, many new deadly infections appear every year and new treatments and drugs are needed to combat these deadly plagues.Animal testing is needed in the world we live in. Our responsibility is to manage the animals in our care and balance their suffering against the good that comes from them

32、. 321 words The Animal Protection Agency (APA) is the UK organisation committed to ceasing the trade in wildlife for pets. Perhaps unbelievably, it is still legal in Britain to sell wild animals captured from other countries. The majority of wild-trapped animals die from the stress and disease that

33、is associated with every stage of their harrowing journey. Next to habitat destruction, collection of animals for the pet trade is the main reason for the decline in many species. Attempts to regulate and control the trade have globally failed. The problem is getting worse, and time is running out!

34、This site contains information on who we are, our current campaigns and how you can help us.Animal Protection Agency (APA) LtdA large part of the work of APA is to lobby 对(议员等)进行游说(或疏通) 2. 施加压力(或影响)使(议案等)得以通过 for improved legislation to protect animal welfare. We oppose the activities of individuals

35、 or companies involved in the trade in wild animals as pets and we expose the wasteful practices and consequences of the wildlife trade. By working alongside government agencies and local authorities, and by building public support and awareness, APA seeks to end the cruel confinement幽禁;监禁 of wild a

36、nimals as pets.Animal Protection Agency (APA) FoundationThe Animal Protection Agency Foundation was set up to carry out, or commission, research into the impacts of the wildlife trade on individual animals, biodiversity and the natural environment, as well as the risks of infectious disease transmis

37、sion between wildlife and people. The Foundation conducts awareness raising programmes on all issues concerning the trade in wild animals as pets.By concentrating resources on tackling着手对付(或处理) the exotic外来,外国产的 pet trade, the Animal Protection Agency aims to achieve real and lasting results for ani

38、mals and their environments. We also aim to help protect people from making the mistakes of acquiring wild animals or pet-linked disease.Staff members have years of experience in campaigning for animal protection and specifically in thwarting反对,阻挠;使受挫折;挫败 the unlawful activities of wild animal dealers. Supporting APA Ltd and the Foundation is an integrated team of scientific, veterinary兽医的 and legal advisors that includes specialists in exotic animal welfare, conservation and public health.