初中英语三年知识点汇总.doc

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1、初中英语三年知识点汇总资料Unit 1-Unit 2重点句型1. My names Jenny. Im Gina. Nice to meet you.2. Whats your/his/her name? My/His/Her name is .3. Whats your/his/her family/first name?4. Whats your telephone number? Its 218-9176.5. Whats his/ her telephone number?6. Whats this/that in English? Its a ruler.7. Is this/tha

2、t your pencil? Yes, it is./No, it isnt.8. How do you spell pencil?/Spell pencil./Can you spell pencil?9. Is that your computer game in the lost and found case?10. Call Alan at 495-3539.重点语法be在一般现在时中的基本用法：I用am, you用are，is跟着他她它。He ,she ,it用is，we, you they都用are。单数名词用is，复数名词都用are。be的几种形式：is, am, are bei

3、ng was, were been主谓一致：主谓一致的15种常考情况：1 表示时间，重量，数目，价格，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，尽管他们是复数形式，但如果把这些复数形式的词或短语看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 Two months is quite a long time. Twenty dollars is enough.2 动词不定式，动名词，从句或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 To see is to believe. It is not easy to master a foreign language.3 由and连接两个成分作主语时，要根据其表示的意义来决定

4、谓语动词的形式。如果其表示的是一个整体的概念或指的是同一事物，谓语动词用单数，如果其表示的是两个不同的对象时，谓语动词用复数。 The writer and the teacher are coming. The poet and teacher is one of my friends.4 集合名词people，police一般看作复数意义，其谓语动词用复数。另外一些集合名词family，enemy，class，army等作主语时，谓语动词是用单数还是复数，要根据这些词在句中的实际含义而定。当他们表示的是整体意义时，谓语用单数；当他们强调个体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。In England,

5、 people eat fish and chips.The Chinese people（民族）is a great people.5 名词性物主代词mine，yours，his，hers， its，ours，theirs等作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于该代词所表示的意义是单数还是复数。His parents are young, but mine are old.6 以s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，如news，physics，politics，maths等。 No news is good news. Physics is the most difficult s

6、ubject for him.7 由or，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also等词连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数和最接近的主语一致。 Neither you nor Li Hua has been to Shanghai before.8 以there，here开头的句子，若主语不止一个，其谓语动词的形式和邻近的那个主语一致。 There is a table and four chairs in the room. Here are some books and paper for you.9 trousers，clothes，glasses，com

7、passes，chopsticks等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果前面有a pair of短语时，谓语动词用单数。 Jims trousers are brown. The pair of glasses is Mr. Greens.10 由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词”或“分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据名词的单复数而定。 A lot of people have been to London. Three-fifths of the water is dirty.11 “a number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the nu

8、mber of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 A great number of birds fly to the south in winter. The number of lions does not change much if people leave things as they are.12代词something，anything，nothing，everyone，anybody，nobody，each，neither，either，little，much，one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Neither of us is a boy。 Each of them h

9、as an English dictionary。 One of the students was late for school。13All，some none，most，any等代词作主语时，若其指复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式；若其指单数形式，则谓语动词用单数形式。 Not all work is difficult。 Not all the students are here。14有些形容词前面加上定冠词the，如the poor，the old，the yong，the rich，the dying等用来表示一类人时，主语为复数意义，谓语动词用复数。 The old are good

10、taken care of。15Many a意为“许多”，但因后面跟的是单数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式。 Many a student has passed the exam。练习：1The news for my brother。 A. are B. were C. be D. is2A boy with two dogs when the earthquake rocked the city。 A. were sleeping B. is asleep C. was sleeping D. are asleep3Everyone except Tom and John there when

11、 the meeting began。 A. are B. is C. was D. were4Neither he nor I from Canada。We are from Australia 。 A. is B. are C. am D. be5Jim works hard on his Chinese and 。 A. so Lucy does B. so is Lucy C. so does Lucy D. so Lucy is 6Jenny and her parents going to visit the Palace Museum tomorrow。. A. is B. am

12、 C. are D. be7Henry，with his friends， volleyball every afternoon。 A. play B. plays C. has played D. have played8Fish and chips the most takeaway food in England。 A. are B. is C. were D. was9My family early in the morning。 A. get B. gets C. has got D. have got10Maths my favorite subject。 A. be B. is

13、C. am D. are11. How time flies! Three years really a short time. A. is B. are C. was D. were12. liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars. Of them are the pride of China. A. Both B. Neither C. All D. None13. Are the twins on the football team? -No, neither of them on the team. A. is B. ar

14、e C. were D. be14. Not only his parents but also his grandfather to a lot of places of interest in our country since hey came here. A. has gone B. has been C. have gone D. have been15.There are enough in the fridge. We dont need to buy any. A. milk B. tomatoes C. tomatos D. apple16. A report says hu

15、ndreds and thousands of trees in the Amazon rainforest last year. A. was cut down B. have been cut down C. were cut down D. had been cut downUnits3-4 复习要点 1、 介绍家庭成员 This/That is my sister/brother/mother These/Those are my parents/grandparents Is this/that your sister/brother? Yes, it is./No, it isnt

16、. Are these/those your parents/grandparents? Yes, they are. /No, they arent. There are 3/4/5 people in my family. They are my father, my mother,and I.2、关于方位介词或短语 表方位的介词或短语有：in,on ,under,behind,near,next to,in front of,across from, My book is on my desk, my pen is in my book Where is the backpack/pen

17、cil? Its in/on/under. Where are the books/pens/balls? They are in/on/under.3、把带去给某人 take to e.g:Please take these things to your sister. 把带来给某人 bringto e.g:Can you bring my homework to school?二、代词 ( 有两种：人称代词和物主代词。)1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后。3、形容词性物主

18、代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于谁的。4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如： This is my bag. = This is mine. That is her ruler. = That is hers.一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。 请牢记下表：练一练：1、按要求写出相应人称代词。I（宾格）_she（形容词性物主代词）_ we（名词性物主代词）_he（复数）_ us（单数）_ theirs（主格）_its（宾格） 2、想一想，把下表补充完整。3、用所给词的适当形式填空。1）That is not _ kite

19、. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2）The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3）Is this _ watch? ( you ) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4）_ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 5）_ dresses are red. ( we ) What color are _? ( you ) 6）Show _ your kite, OK? ( they ) 7）I h

20、ave a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it ) 8）Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they )9）Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom.( we ) 10）_ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. ( she )11）Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. (

21、they ) 12）Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger! ( it )13）_ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she ) 14）The girl behind _ is our friend. ( she )三、其他代词（有反身代词，指示代词，不定代词，疑问代词，相互代词和关系代词）1、反身代词：表示某人自己的代词人称 数单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfherselfitselfthemselves反身代词在句中可作宾语、同位语、表

22、语等，在使用时应注意它和它所指代的名词和代词在人称、性、数上的一致性。 Little Jimmy can dress himself now。 小吉米现在能自己穿衣服了。（作宾语） The boy in the picture is myself，not anyone else。 照片上的男孩不是别人，正是我自己。（作表语） I myself made the mistake about your address。 我自己把你的地址搞错了。（作同位语）四、指示代词指示代词是用来指示或标示人或事物的代词，表示“这个（些）”“那个（些）”，他们主要有： 单 数 复 数近指 this 这个 thes

23、e 这些 远指 that 那个 those 那些1. this, these往往指时间或空间较近的人或物；that,those可指时间或空间较远的人和物。This gift is for you and that one is for your brother.这件礼物是你的,那件是你弟弟的.(this近指,that远指)I like these games but Idont like those.我喜欢这些游戏,但不喜欢那些.(these近指,those远指)2. that,those常常用来代替前面已提到过的名词,以避免重复。those 代指复数形式，that代指单数形式。The com

24、puter works faster than those we bought last year。这些计算机比我们去年买的工作速度快。The life in the country is more peaceful than that in the city。乡村生活比城市的生活要安静。对于上文中所提到的事物，英语中常用that或those表示，而汉语却常用“这”表示。如：I had a bad cold。Thats why I didnt attend the lecture。我感冒了，这就是我为什么没去听讲座的原因。Those are the DVDs you want。这就是你要的DV

25、D碟片。 Units 5-6重点句型：Do you have a basketball? Yes, I do. / No, I dont.Lets watch TV. No, that sounds boring.That sounds great.Do you like hamburgers? Yes, I do. / No, I dont.I like French fries. I dont like tomatoes.重点语法:名词一.名词的分类:名词分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词指个人，地方,机构等专有名称. 如：China, Shanghai, Li lei。普通名词又分为个体名

26、词: 某类人或东西中的个体.如fighter, gun, country, 集体名词:若干个体组成的集合体.如 family, team, police, class物质名词：无法分为个体的实物。如 cotton, tea, air, 抽象名词: 动作, 状态, 品质, 感情等抽象概念. 如: health, happiness.个体名词和集体名词又叫做可数名词.物质名词和抽象名词又叫做不可数名词.二.名词的数。可数名词都有单数和复数之分。: 规则的可数名词变复数的规则如下： 1.一般情况加s : books, mouths, houses, girls 2.以s，sh，ch, x结尾的es:

27、 classes, boxes, matches 3.辅音字母 + y结尾的变y为i,再加es: cities,countries, parties,factories 4.以o结尾的词多数+es heroes Negroes potatoes tomatoes zeroes / zeros 以 o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母 +s radios, zoos, bamboos , (pianos ,kilos photos是特殊) 5.以f, fe 结尾的改f,或fe为v,再+es,例如:leaves, lives, wives knives, halves, wolves The thief

28、s wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her life. 但是,也有一些+s,如roofs, proofs, gulfs, beliefs, handkerchiefs / handkerchieves : 不规则的可数名词变复数的规则： 1. manmen, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, childchildren, mousemice, 2.单复数相同: sheep, fish, deer, means, Chinese, Japanese, fish如表示不

29、同种类的鱼时复数是fishes; There are many kinds of fishes in that lake. 3.以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化. man servantmen servants(男仆). (boy/girl students) woman doctorwomen doctors. 4.复合名词的复数形式: son-in-law-sons-in-law (主体名词变化) film-goer-film-goers, grown-up-grown-ups (如果没有主体名词,在词尾加复数) 5.字母,阿拉伯数字的复数形式一般加“s ”或“s

30、”. There are two ls in the word “ all ”. It happened in the 1960s /1960s. I will not accept your ifs and buts. 6.物质名词一般没有复数，有时用复数形式表示不同种类， wheats, fruits, vegetables,有时表示更广的词义， woodwoods, waterwaters, sandsands 7.定冠词加姓氏的复数表示一家人。 the Turners, the Smiths, the Wangs. 8.集体名词people, police, cattle 总是作复数，

31、 ( people 作民族，种族时有单复数两种形式) Many cattle are kept. Several police were on duty. The Chinese are a brave and hard-working people. The English are a funny people. 9.集体名词class, public, family, population, team, crew, committee 等单复数都有，但意义不同。 The class is big.- The class are taking notes in English. The po

32、pulation in China is larger.- 80% of the population in China are peasants. 10. hair， fruit 通常作单数，表示总体。 His hair is grey. a rich harvest of fruit 如果表示若干根头发，表示种类的水果时，可以加复数词尾。 He had a few white hairs. What fruits are on sale in this season ? 11.以s 结尾的学科名词只作单数。mathematics , physics, politics, 等。（news）

33、12.glasses， trousers， scissors， shoes， spectacles，等常用复数；但如果这些词前用 a pair of / this pair of/that pair of等修饰时谓语动词有pair 来决定。 Where are my glasses ？ My new pair of trousers is too long. Here are some new pairs of shoes. 13.不可数名词没有复数形式，如果表示“一个”的概念，可用单位词。 a piece of news / information / advice / bread / ca

34、ke / paper / meat / coal a bottle of ink, a grain of rice , a cake of soap 说明：可数名词和不可数名词之间并没有截然的界限；可数名词可以转变为不可数名词，同样不可数名词也可以转变为可数名词，要看清整个上下文的具体内容。 三. 名词的所有格。 .有生命的名词所有格的构成： A.一般在词尾s. the teachers office, Xiao Lis sisters husbands mother. B. 以 s 结尾的复数名词只加 workers rest homes. the masses request C. 不以s

35、结尾的复数名词加s. childrens toys Womens Day D:复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加s. my sister-in-laws brother. E:表示共同所有的几个名词，只在最后一个词的后面加s. This is Tom, James and Dicks room. F:表示各个所有关系的几个名词，在每个名词后分别加s. Jennys, Jeans and Marys rooms face to the south. G:名词短语只在最后一个词后加s. a quarter of an hours talk. . 名词所有格的用法： 1. 名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的

36、名词，表示所属关系。 Lei Fengs dairy. the Working Peoples Palace of Culture. 2.也可用于表示时间的名词。 todays paper. an hours drive. Fridays work. 3. 也可用于表示地理、国家、城市等名词。 the countrys plan. the farms fruit. Chinas population. 4.也可用于表示由人组成的集体名词。 our Partys stand（党的立场） 5. 也可用于表示度量、价值的名词。 two dollars worth of books. a pounds

37、 weight. (现代英语中，这种用法越来越多。) .凡不能用s 属格的情况可用 of 属格表示所属关系。 the City of New York. a map of China. 特别是下列情况要用of 属格： 当名词有较长的定语时， the name of the girl standing at the gate. Have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday. 所修饰的名词前有数量词时， a play of Comrade Lis. some friends of my brothers

38、. 所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词时， that performance of the teachers . .双重所有格： 当of前面的名词有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词如 a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several, no, few ,another等修饰时，用双重所有格，双重所有格只用于表示人的名词并且都是特指的。 a poem of Lu Xuns . a friend of his/hers . Which novel of Dickens are you reading ?

39、 some friends of my brothers .5.几种特殊情况： the key to the door. keys to the exercises. notes to the text answers to the question tickets for the film/movie a check for $1500. anyone elses book. the monument to the peoples heroes.the entrance to the station/cinema在现代英语中of属格大都可用s 所有格代替。 相关练习： 1-I feel ti

40、red. I have so much work to do and dont have much time for myself,-you should take _i think.A health B time C lesson D erecise2-Ask the naughty boys not to manke any _. I cant fall asleep.A noise B sound C voice D singing3.During Christams people get together and sing Christams songs for _A thanks B

41、 wishes C interest D fun4.we have _at seven in the morning.A breakfast B lunch C supper D dinner 5 Please give me a_ when you arrive. -OK. Ill tell everything as soon as I get there.A hand B present C ring D ride 6.We watch evening news on Channel I of _at 7:00 in the evering .A.MTV B CAAC C.CCTV D. WTO 7-Can you tell me when _is ?-Yes. Its on the third Sunday in June.A Mothers Day B.Fathers Day C. Tree Planthing Day D .Thanksgiving Day 8.Where is Tom ? Hes left a _ saying that he has something important to do .A excuse B sentence C message D news 9 If y