2020年春人教新目标英语八年级下册Unit-3基础知识手册.doc

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1、2020年春人教新目标英语八年级下册 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room？ 短语归纳1. 出去吃饭 2. 在外面待到很晚 3. 去看电影 4. 搭车 5. 从事 6. 完成做某事 7.干净整洁 8.洗餐具 9. 倒垃圾 10. 叠衣服11. 扫地 12. 整理床铺 13. 打扫客厅 14. 没问题 15. 欢迎某人 16.放学/下班 17.扔下 18.坐下 19.过来 20. 带某人去散步 21.一直;总是 22. 整曰/夜 23.做家务 24.大声回应 25.走开 26.分担家务 27.一个舒适的家 28.惊讶地 29. 拿点喝的东西 30.观看一

2、个节目 31. 闲逛 31. 把某物传给某人 32. 把某物借给某人 33.使某物弄湿 34. 讨厌做某事 35. 做杂务 36.帮某人干某事 37.带顶帐篷来 38.买些小吃 39.去商店40.使某人做某事 41. 足够的压力42. 浪费时间 43.为了 44.取得好成绩 45. 介意做某事 46.依赖;依靠 47.发展孩子的独立性 48. 2个 照顾；照看 49. 做某人分内的事50.邀请某人参加聚会用法集萃1.至少 （反义词）至多 2.enough 用法 3.the minute= 4.内部的前面 外部的前面 5.有the无the区别大： 吃饭；进餐 在桌边 住院 在医院（不一定看病）6

3、. neither两者都不 ，作主语，谓语动词 。 neither nor 既不也不,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由 确定。表达“也不” 则用 “Neither /Nor + + ”。重点句子点拨：1. Peter, could you please take out the trash? Sure, Mom. Could you please do the dishes? Sorry, I cant. I have to do my homework. 点拨1：在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用could代替can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而can则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能

4、把could看作can的过去式。以上两句中用could是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了can, could之外，还可以用may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例： Could/Can/May I use your car for a day? I wonder if I could use your car for a day? Do you mind if I use your car for a day? 对于、句所作允答可以各种各样，如同意可以说Yes，或Sure或Certainly，还可说Yes, (do) please. 或Of co

5、urse. (you may/can). 或Go ahead, please. 或Thats OK/all right. 如果不同意，可以说Im sorry you cant. 或Im really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说No, you cant. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。对于句（3）所作回答可以说Never mind. /Not at all. 表“不介意”。不能用Yes. /Sure. /Of course. /Certainly.等。 无论肯定还是否定应答中，要避免使用could，要用can或may。因为应答须用确

6、定的语气。而could在表请求的问句中是为了表示礼貌或委婉语气，用在应答中则成了不确定语气，与情理不符。所以应答中不说Yes, you could. 或No, you couldnt. 而要说Yes, you can. 或Sorry. /No, you cant. 点拨2：区别动词do和make。 “do”与动作及非实质性的事连用，与词尾是-ing的动作名词连用，如：do the dishes（洗餐具），do my homework（做我的家庭作业），do chores（做家务，处理琐事），do the laundry（洗衣），do the shopping（购物），do some readi

7、ng（读书） “make”表示“做、制造”、“整理”、“冲、泡（饮料）”等，如： make your bed（铺床），make breakfast（做早餐），make dinner（做晚饭），make tea（泡茶，沏茶），make myself a cup of coffee（给自己冲一杯咖啡） 点拨3： take out 带出（人），取出（物）；take out of 从里取出。2. Could I please use your computer? Sorry, Im going to work on it now. Well, could I watch TV? Yes, you ca

8、n. Could I/you please ？表示一种有礼貌的请求或提议，其后连接原形动词，比Can you /I？语气更委婉。类似句型有： Would you like + sth. / to do sth.? May I + do sth. ? Shall we + do sth.? Would you mind + sth. /doing sth.? What / How about + sth. /doing sth.? 肯定回答有Sure. /Of course. / Certainly. /OK. /Great. / Well. / Good idea. / I agree. 等。

9、否定回答有Sorry . / No, you cant. 等。3. I hate to do chores. Do you like to do the laundry? No, Its boring. I dont like doing the dishes because its boring. 点拨1： hate vt. “不喜欢，讨厌、恨”，没有进行时。hate后可接to do也可接doing，意义无大差别，只是to do更多表示具体的一次性的动作，而doing更多表示习惯性，经常的一般的动作。这与like后接to do或doing的用法一样。点拨2：对比由动词加-ing和-ed构成的

10、形容词： 动词加-ing构成的形容词可以指人或物，在句中作定语或表语；动词加-ed构成的形容词通常用来指人，作表语，通常不作定语。例：boringbored, relaxingrelaxed, surprisingsurprised, excitingexcited, interestinginterested4. Could I invite my friends to a party on Saturday? 点拨：invite vt. “邀请”，意同ask，但invite更正式。 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事。 e. g. They invited me t

11、o join their club. invite sb. to sth. / invite sb. for sth. e. g. He invited us for the concert. I want to invite my friends to a party. invitation n. 邀请 e. g. Thanks for your invitation. Thank you for asking /inviting me.5. Thanks for taking care of my dog. 点拨：“take care of”“照顾、照料、注意”，意思侧重于负责任的意思，后

12、面的宾语可以是表示人或事物的名词或代词。 e. g. Mother takes good care of her children. Its not easy to take care of the sick. Take good care of the books. 注：look after一般情况下可替换take care of，意思上强调看管或照料。 I have to look after my sick dog at home.6. I dont understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and c

13、hores at home. 我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。点拨：make sb. do sth 让某人做某事make made made v. 做， 制作， 使得(1) make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物” make you happy (2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.【make短语】:make sure 确信 make a dialogue编对话 make a mistake犯错误(by mistake由于疏忽)make a noise吵闹 make faces做鬼脸 make friends (

14、with)和.交朋友 make room for给.让地方 make tea沏茶 make money赚钱 make a decision作出决定 make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make fun of = laugh at 取笑7. They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。点拨1：spend. on sth 在某事上花费.spend/p

15、ay/cost/take 花费(1)spendspentspent v 花费,主语是人 sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sthsb. +spend +时间/钱+（in）doing sthspend on= pay for 支付He spends too much time on the computer games.(2) pay paid paid v 支付，主语是人sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.(3) cost cost cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事 sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱 A n

16、ew computer costs me a lot of money.(4)taketook taken v 花费It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.点拨2：in order to “目的是；为了” 后接动词原形。in order to do sth 为了做某事点拨3：get into =enter 进入【拓展】与get相关的短语： get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服 get dressed穿衣 get into进入

17、 get/be lost丢失 get off/on下/上车get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of从出来 get warm 变暧get ready for +n.为做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相关：(be asleep睡着) 8. Also,when they get older, they will have to do housework so theres no need for them to d

18、o it now.而且，当他们长大的时候，他们也将会做家务，因此，他们没必要现在在做。点拨：get older 长大 get/ become/ go辨析： get+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用。The days are getting longer and longer. become 强调变化的结果 Its becoming colder and colder.go+adj.表示令人不快的事情 go bad变坏，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿9. . Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. 每个人

19、都有责任保持家里的干净和整洁。点拨1： do ones part 尽职责；尽本分Do ones part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责点拨2：keep +sth /sb. +adj. “使.处于某种状态” keep 系动词 “保持” keep + adj . We must keep healthy.实义动词 “保持；继续” (1) keep ( on ) doing sth 继续做某事 He was in great pain but he kept on working (2) keep sb. Doing sth 让某人一直做某事 Im sorry to have kept

20、 you waiting for so long. 典句必背6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the T V .我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。经典范文背诵Dear Chairperson,I would like to join the Birdwatching Society.First, let me introduce myself. I am a Grade 8 at No.6 Middle School. My favorite subject is Biology and English. I am i

21、nterested in collecting the pictures of different animals and listening to music. Last spring, I went to Zhalong Nature Reserve and took part in activities to protect birds with my friends, I enjoy the natural world, and Im interested in learning different kinds of plants and animals. I want to know

22、 more about the birds. Some people want to cut down trees. As a result, the number of the birds is becoming smaller and smaller. I think its important for me to do something to protect them. I can take part in activities all day every Saturday. I will be very happy if I can be a member of the Birdwatching Society. You can call me on 0519-82835988 or email me at . Yours sincerely,Zhao Yang