2022年非谓语动词口诀 2.pdf

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1、非谓语动词包括动词不定式， 动词的过去分词和动词的-ing 形式三种。 这是高考中的热点，其考查量多、面广，几乎是必考的一个知识点。近六年高考复现率达百分之百。 纵观试题，其考查重点为动词非谓语形式的作用及功能相同的非谓语动词之间的区别。学生对此知识也“ 知之半解 ” ，深感头疼。请看下面的方法，将有助于记住不定式及动名词。1、动词的不定式不定式有标记，to 与动词连一起。没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。not 加上不定式，否认结构要牢记。疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。解析：“to+ 动词原形 ” 是它的基本构成形式，即不定式的

2、标记。它没有人称和数的变化， 不管主语是任何人称， 单数还是复数， 动词不定式都没有变化。但它仍保留动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语。它具有名词、 形容词和副词三大特点， 所以，它在句中可以作主语、 宾语、定语、表语、状语和宾补。“not + 动词不定式 ” 是它的否认形式， 不要受其他否认式的影响， 要记住规律。疑问代词 what, who, whom, which和疑问副词 where, when, why , how加上不定式在句中可以做主语，宾语、表语、状语。通过以上分析， 只要仔细研究， 把不定式的功能用法搞清楚，在应用时就能作出准确的判断。2、动名词：哪些动词后面只能接动名词，下

3、面的顺口溜有助于记忆。喜欢、考虑不可免 enjoy, consider, escape, avoid 停止，放弃太冒险 stop, give up , risk 反对想象莫推延 mine, imagine, delay, put off 要求完成是期望 require, finish, look forward to.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 18 页建议继续勤 *练suggest, go on, practise 不禁原谅要坚持 cant help, excuse , insist on继续注意使成功 keep

4、on, mind, succeed in 1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _ a good college. A. enterB. to enter C. enteringD. entered 【陷阱】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词could 就断定此处应填动词原形enter。【分析】其实正确答案应是B。 此句为省略句，即在 could 后省略了动词do，假设把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what w

5、e could do to enter a good college 。即句中的不定式短语 (to enter a good college) 是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句：(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他们尽量抚慰她。(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他

6、拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。值得指出的是，这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to 不定式。请看以下试题：(4) He ran as fast as he could _ to catch the early bus. A. to hopeB. hope C. hopingD. hoped 此题的答案是C 不是 A，其中的现在分词短语hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。(5) He spent every minute he could _ spoken English. A. practiseB. to practise 精选学习资料 - - -

7、 - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 18 页C. practisingD. practised 此题答案选C， 这与前面动词spent 的搭配有关，即 spend . (in) doing sth 。假设将此句补充完整，即为He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English. (6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could _ his oral English. A. improveB. to improve C. imp

8、rovingD. to improving 此题答案选 D，注意两点：一是devote . to . 是固定搭配，意为 把.奉献给.；二是其中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。2. He knows nothing about it, so he cant help _ any of your work. A. doingB. to do C. being doingD. to be done 【陷阱】容易误选A，根据 cant help doing sth 这一结构推出。【分析】其实答案应选B。比较以下结构：cant help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事can

9、t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事又如下面一题，答案也是B：She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A cleaningB. to clean C. cleanedD. being cleaned 再请看以下试题：While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuadeB. persuading C. being persuadedD

10、. be persuaded 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 18 页此题应选 C，句中的cant help 意为禁不住 注意根据句意用被动形式 。3. All her time _ experiments, she has no time for films. A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题最正确答案为B。现分析如下：(1) devote 意为致

11、力于，献身于 ，主要用devote.to. 或 be devoted to ，其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。(2) 选 A 错误：假设将do 改为 doing 则可以。(3) 选 B 正确：all her time devoted to doing experiments为独立主格结构，用作状语。(4) 选 C 错误：因为 all her time 与 devote 为被动关系，故应将devoting 改为 devoted。(5) 选 D 错误：假设单独看All her time is devoted to doing experiments ，此句

12、并没有错， 但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，假假设在后一句的句首加上and或 so， 则可选 D， 或将 D 将中的 is 改为 being也可选它。请做以下类似题答案均选A ：(1) All the preparations for the project _, were ready to start. A. completed B. have been completed C. had been completed D. been completed (2) Such _ the case, I couldnt help but_ him. A. bei

13、ng, support B. was, support C. has been, supporting D. is, to support 比较以下各题，答案选B，因为句中使用了并列连词and：(1) All the preparations for the project _, and were ready to start. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 18 页A. completed B. have been completed C. had been completed D. been completed (

14、2) Such _ the case, I couldnt help but_ him. A. being, support B. was, support C. has been, supporting D. is, to support 4. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 【陷阱】容易误选 C，受题干中的逗号的影响，认为是现在分词表结果的用法。【分析】其实答

15、案应选B，句中的逗号相当于连词and 或 but，not to make it more difficult 是对逗号前的不定式to make life easier 的补充说明。此句的意思是新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，而不是使生活变得更困难。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语purpose 的内容。请做以下类似试题 答案选 B ：The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _ work for young people. A. provide B. to provide C. providing D. provid

16、ed 5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. to be tied B. being tied C. tied D. having tied 【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】最正确答案为 C。从意义上看， hands 与 tie 的关系应属被动关系，故排除 D。在 A、B、C 三个选项中，选项A 比较容易排除，因为不定式表示将来意义，在此与语境不符。现将B 和 C 作一比较： B 为现在分词的被动式，它表示两层意义，一是表被动， 二是表进行， 也就是说his hands being tied 的实际意

17、思是 他的手正在被捆住 ，这显然与语境不符。 而 C 为过去分词， 它也表示两精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 18 页层意义，一是表被动，二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态，此句中的with his hands tied behind his back 可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最正确答案为 C。请看下面一题：Anyone _ trying to take knives on heard flights would be caught by the police. A. finds B. found C. be

18、ing found D. will find 答案选 B 而不选 C，其中的过去分词表示被动和完成。比较下面两题，最正确答案是D 不是 A，现在分词的被动式表示被动和进行：(1) The court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see a case _. A. argued B. to be argued C. to be arguing D. being argued (2) The silence of the library was sometimes broken by an occasional coug

19、h or by the sound of pages _. A. turned B. having turned C. to be turned D. being turned 6. Remind me _ the medicine tomorrow. A. of taking B. taking C. to take D. take 【陷阱】容易误选A。受 remind sb of (doing) sth 这一常用结构的影响。【分析】最正确答案为C。比较以下三个结构：remind sb of about sth = 使某人想起某事remind sb of doing sth = 提醒某人做过

20、某事暗示动作已发生remind sb to do sth = 提醒某人去做某事暗示动作尚未发生精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 18 页请看两个例句：I reminded him of his promise. 我提醒他做过的诺言。My wife reminded me of seeing that film. 我妻子提醒我曾经看过那部电影。Can you remind me to phone her tomorrow? 你明天能否提醒我给她打? 7. Once your business becomes internat

21、ional, _ constantly will be part of your life. A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最正确答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词，这就说明不能选 B 或 C，因为 B、C 均为名词，不能受副词constantly 的修饰。 A 和 D均是可能的，因为其中有动词fly。但假设选 A，you fly 是一个主谓结构，与其后的谓语will be 相冲突，所以只能选D，即动名词 flying 在此用作主语。8. Not only should y

22、ou get used _ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention _ your work well. A. to work, to do B. to working, to doing C. to work, to doing D. to working, to do 【陷阱】容易误选A，认为两个空白处均应填不定式。【分析】正确答案为B，因为 get used to与 pay attention to 这两个结构中的to 均为介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不能动词原形。类似地，以下各结构中的

23、to 也是介词，不是不定式符号， 后接动词时也应用动名词，而不是动词原形：look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事object to doing sth反对做某事stick to doing sth 坚持做某事get down to doing sth 开始做某事精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 18 页take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事admit to doing 承认做了某事pay attention to doing sth

24、 注意做某事devote ones time to doing sth 把某人的时间用于 (奉献于 )做某事be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能胜任做某事What do you say to doing sth 你认为做某事怎么样9. Both of my parents insisted _ a computer for me, but I dont think it is necessary. A. to buy B. buying C. on buying D. in buying 【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为 insist 后不能接不定式，但可以接动名词。【分析】答

25、案应选 C。其实，动词 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，因为 insist 通常用作不及物动词； 假设语义上需接宾语， 要借助介词on 或 upon，即用于 insist on upon (doing) sth；但它有时确实也可用作及物动词，不过其宾语通常只能是that 从句，而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。如：He insisted on seeing her home. 他坚持送她回家。I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。10. Do you have anything more _, sir? No. You can hav

26、e a rest or do something else. A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D. to type 【陷阱】容易误选D，根据 have sth to do 这一常用结构推出。【分析】最正确答案是B。确实，在 have+宾语+不定式 结构中，用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义，如 I have some clothes to wash 等，即尽管其中的 some clothes 与其后的不定式to wash 具有被动关系，但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。 但值得指出的是， 这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系，如I have some

27、 clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由该句主语I 来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同，即其中的to type 这一动作不是由句子主语精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 18 页you 来完成的，而是由说话者 我来完成的。比较：Are you going to Shanghai? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去上海吗？你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗？Im going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of th

28、ings to take with me. 下个星期我要去上海，我随身要带很多东西去。11. She took her son, ran out of the house, _ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctors office. A. put B. to put C. putting D. having put 【陷阱】容易误选B 或 C，误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法。【分析】正确答案选A。句中的 took, ran, put, drove 为四并列的谓语动词，其时态应一致。类似地如(答案选 A)：I got out

29、of the taxi, _ the fare and dashed into the station. A. paid B. paying C. to pay D. having paid 但是，下面一题稍有不同：Hearing the news, he rushed out, _ the book _ on the table and disappeared into the distance. A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open C. leaving; lie opened D. left; lay opened 此题答案选 B，leavi

30、ng 在此表结果， lying open 与其前的动词 leave有关，leave 后接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。12. The boss insisted that every minute _ made full use of _ the work well. A. be, to do B. was, doing C. be, doing D. was, to do 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 18 页【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】其实正确答案是A。分析如下：(1) 第一空填be，是

31、因为 insisted 后接 that 从句，从句谓语要用 should+动词原形 这样的虚拟语气，其中的should 也可省略。(2) 第二空要填 to do，是因为此句谓语为被动语态， 假假设将此句转换成主动语态，则是 .should make full use of every minute to do the work well, 句中涉及make use of . to do sth ( 利用.做某事 )这一结构。另外，还有make the most of (尽量利用 )，make the best of ( 尽量利用 )等短语也可能用于此类试题。请看以下类似例子：(1) The o

32、ld professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of _ the power station. A. to build B. building C. build D. built 此题答案选A，不是B。为便于理解，可先考虑以下结构：.make use of every part of the materials to build the power station 由此可见，make use of 的宾语是every part of the materials ， 其后的不定式to build the po

33、wer station 为目的状语。(2) Does the way you thought of _ the water clean make any sense? A. making B. to make C. how to make D. having made 此题答案选 B，不是 A。句子主语是the way，you thought of 是修饰主语的定语从句，不定式to make the water clean 也是修饰主语的定语，也就是说，句子主语带有两个定语修饰语。13. The managers discussed the plan that they would like

34、to see _ the next year. A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 18 页【分析】答案选 A。此句结构较复杂，现分析如下：(1) that they would like to see _ the next year 是修饰名词the plan 的定语从句。(2) 由于 the plan 与空格处的carry out 有被动关系，故填过去分词carried

35、 out。请做以下类似试题：(1) Who do you think youd like _ with you, a boy or a girl? A. to have go B. to have to go C. to have gone D. having to go 在确定答案之前，我们先来看看下面这个句子：I think Id like to have a boy go with me. 句中的 go 要用原形，这是因为其前有表示使役的动词have。在此句中，假假设对名词 a boy 提问，便可得出：Who do you think youd like to have go with

36、you? 对照上面一题，答案很显然是A。(2) Who did the boss _ his car this time? A. make wash B. make to wash C. make washing D. making to wash 在做此题之前，也请先看看下面这个句子：The boss made Jack wash his car this time. 假假设对句中的名词Jack 提问，便可得出：Who did the boss make wash his car this time? 由此可知上面题答案为A。(3) You can never imagine what gr

37、eat difficulty I had _ your house all by myself. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 18 页A. found B. finding C. to find D. for finding 此题答案选 B。考查的基本结构是have great difficulty (in) doing sth。14. How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _ at last. A. to has come B. to

38、 have come C. to having come D. has come 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】其实正确答案是A。大家知道，短语look forward to 意为 盼望，其中的 to 是介词，而不是不定式符号，所以后接动词要用动名词，许多同学据此便选择了 C。 但问题是，句中介词to 的宾语不是 have come ， 而是 the holiday。正解的句子分析是： the holiday为句子主语， we have been looking forward to 是修饰主语的定语从句 (介词 to 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that，被省略)，has co

39、me 是句子谓语。请做以下类似试题：(1) The man you referred to _ just now. A. comes B. come C. coming D. came 答案选 D，句子主语为the man ，you referred to 为修饰 the man 的定语从句，空白处填came ，为句子谓语。(2) The theory he sticks to _ to be of no use in our studies. A. proves B. prove C. proving D. be proved 答案选 A，he sticks to 是修饰主语the theo

40、ry 的定语从句，句子的基本结构为 The theory proves to be of no use in our studies. (3) The work he devoted his time to _ worth praising. A. was B. be C. being D. been 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 18 页答案选 A，he devoted his time to 是修饰主语the work 的定语从句。句子的基本结构为The work was worth praising. (4)

41、I think this is the very work that we must finish _ her. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 答案是 A。句中空格处填的动词help 并不是 finish 的宾语，正确的句子分析是：that I must finish 是修饰名词the very work 的定语从句， finish 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that，其后的不定式to help her 是目的状语。(5) Which do you enjoy _ your weekend, swimming or fishing? A.

42、 spending B. being spent C. spend D. to spend 答案选 D。 enjoy 的宾语是句首的疑问词which， 不是其后的动词spending 。此题中的to spend. 用作目的状语。(5) What the boy enjoys _ to have a room of his own. A. being B. to be C. is D. are 答案选 C，而不选 A。what the boy enjoys 是主语从句， 空格处填的is 为谓语动词。(6) Nothing that he suggested _ to be of any use.

43、 A. prove B. proved C. proving D. to prove 答案选 B，而不选 C。句子主语是nothing，that he suggested 是修饰主语的定语从句， suggested 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that，而不是其后的动词；句子谓语是proved。全句意为 他建议的情况没有一条是有用的。 (7) The old house we paid a visit _ at the top of the hill. A. standing B. to stand C. to standing D. to stands 精选学习资料 - - - - -

44、- - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 18 页答案选 D。 we paid a visit to 是修饰 the old house 的定语从句，句中的 stands 为主句谓语。(8) The life he is now used _ quite different from ours. A. is B. to be C. to being D. to is 答案选 D。句中 he is now used to 是修饰 the life 的定语从句， to 后的动词is 是句子的谓语，句意为 他现在习惯的这种生活与我们的生活很不相同。(9) The wo

45、rk he paid special attention _ to nothing. A. came B. to come C. to coming D. to came 答案选 D。句中的 he paid special attention to 是修饰 the work 的定语从句，to 后的动词came 是句子的谓语，句意为 他特别关注的那项工作泡汤了。(10) The result what he said would lead _ his regret in the future. A. is B. to be C. to being D. to was 答案选 D。句中 what

46、he said would lead to 是修饰 the result 的定语从句， to 后的动词was 是句子的谓语，句意为 他所说的话将导致的结果是他今后的懊悔。15. _ the road round to the right and youll find his house. A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed 【陷阱】容易误选B 或 C，误认为这是非谓语动词作状语。【分析】正确答案选A。根据句中的连词and 可推知它是一个并列句。假假设将此题改为下面这样，则答案为B：_ the road round to the rig

47、ht, youll find his house. A. Follow B. Following 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 18 页C. To follow D. Followed 但是，假设改成下面一题这样，则答案为C(不定式短语表目的 )：_ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him. A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed 请做以下试题，答案均选A，都是因为句

48、中的并列连词and填空句为祈使句 ：(1) _ to the top of the hill, and you can see the whole of the town. A. Get B. To get C. Getting D. Having got (2) _ the milk and set a good example to the other children. A. Drink B. To drink C. Drinking D. Having drinking (3) _ me, and then try to copy what I do. A. Watch B. Watc

49、hing C. To watch D. Have watching (4) _ through this book and tell me what you think of it. A. Look B. Looking C. To look D. Having looked (5) _ it with me and Ill see what I can do. A. Leave B. Leaving C. If you leave D. When left 有时不用连词连接句子，而用破折号，情况也是一样(答案均选 A)。如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -

50、- - - - - -第 15 页，共 18 页(6) _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room. A. Turn B. Turning C. to turn D. To have turned (7) _ some of this juice - perhaps you will like it. A. Try B. Trying C. To try D. To have tried 以下各题也应选 A，是因为句中的从属连词when, before, until 等填空句为祈使句：(8) _ him enough time to