牛津高级中学英语语法复习材料(模块1-4)-苏教出版.doc
《牛津高级中学英语语法复习材料(模块1-4)-苏教出版.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《牛津高级中学英语语法复习材料(模块1-4)-苏教出版.doc(24页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、+牛津高中英语语法复习(模块1-4)语法复习一:定语从句(一)定义1)在复合句中(一个句子的某一成分由句子承当),修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句或形容词从句;在句中起定语的作用.2)被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词antecedent1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.先行词 关系代词 定语从句2) You must do everything that I do.先行词 关系代词 定语从句(二):关系代词的作用; 1.连接主句和从句。2.代表被修饰的先行词。3.在定语从句做一个句子成分。eg. This is the room whic
2、h I lived in last year.先行词 关系代词 定语从句(三):定语从句中有 关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that, as.关系副词 when, where, why 等引导定语从句。(四):用关系代词还是用关系副词关系代词起代词的作用,关系副词起副词的作用,因此同样的先行词,选用什么样的关系词,要由它在定语从句中担任的逻辑作用来决定。关系代词词性先行词充当成分who人主、宾、表Whom人宾That人&物主、宾、表Which物主、宾、表As物主、宾Whose=of whomof which人&物定语关系副词When=atinonduring wh
3、ich时间状Where=atinto which地点状Why=for which原因状that 在口语中可以代替关系副词以上三者状This is the place where we work.(vi.) (关系词所做的成分关键是由从句中的动词来决定的)This is the place which we visited. (vt. )种类先行词关联词例句说明定语从句(人)在从句中做主语或宾语物在从句中做主语或宾语whowhichThis is the doctor who saved the boys life .这就是救了孩子生命的医生。She is the new student who
4、m I want to introduce to you .她就是我要介绍给你的新学生Please pass me the book which is lying on the table.请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。The novel which Tom bought is very interesting.汤姆买的小说很有意思。Can you lend me the magazine about which you talked yesterday?你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗?who在从句中做主语whom在从句中做宾语,口语中who可以代替whom,也可以被省去,但做介词宾语时只能用w
5、homwhich在从句中做主语。which充当宾语时可以省去。which做介词宾语不可省定语从句人或物的whoseThe professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你英语。The professor, the daughter of whom teaches you English is Dr. Williams. The bike whose brake was damaged has now been repaired.那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。=The bike the bra
6、ke of which was damaged has now been repairedwhose在从句中做定语指某人的也可以用of whom代替whose指物时也可以用of which 代替 whose人或thatThe woman that is playing the piano is Miss Zhang.正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐。Id like to see the films that are just on show.我想看那些刚上映的电影。that指人做主语that指物做主语种类先行词关联词例 句说 明物all, littlemuch和some,any every ,no
7、 构成的合成代词人或物thatthatThey talked for about an hour of things and persons that they remember in the school. 他们谈起他们所记得起的学校里的人和事,谈了大约有半个小时。Ill tell you all(that )I know about it .我要告诉你我所知道这件事的一切情况。Is there anything (that) I can do for you?有什么我可以帮助做的事吗?Ive brought everything (that )you need.我把你需要的东西都拿来了。T
8、his is the best film that I have seen .这是我看过的最好的一部电影。The first place that well visit is Beijing Library.我们要参观的第一个地方是北京图书馆先行词分别表示人和物,关系代词要用that,不用who或which先行词表示物,关系代词用that不用which, 在从句中做宾语可省去 。如果先行词是人时,关系代词不受制约,用that或who (whom)均可先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时定语从句用that引导。定语从句人或物thatHe is the only person that is bel
9、ievable.他是唯一可靠的人。John is the very person that she wants to see.约翰正是她要见的人。Who is the man that is talking with Tom ?正在和汤姆谈话的人是谁?Which of the books that you bought is easy to read?你买的那些书中哪一本容易读。先行词被the only, the very,the same 等修饰时用关系代词that.当主句以who、which开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句要用that时间whenHe came at a time when w
10、e needed him most.他在我们最需要的时候来了。Well never forget the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。在定语从句中作时间状语 注:先行词是time, minute, moment, next time很少用关系副词when,可用that 但通常省去。地点whereThis is the room where he put up for the night.这就是他渡过夜晚的那房子。在定语从句中作地点状语原因理由whyI know the reas
11、on why she studies so well .我知道她学习好的原因。在定语从句中作原因状语This is the place where we work.(vi.) (关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的)This is the place which we visited. (vt. )(五):限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果省去,主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。从句只是对先行词的附加说明,如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标 点从句和主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开关系代词
12、指人who (that) whom指物which (that)人和物whose关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去指人who(作主语)whom(做宾语)指物which人和物的whose关系代词一般不可省修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子限制性非限制性形式上无逗号有逗号内容上先行词不是唯一的先行词是唯一的,定语从句可有可无。关系词可用that ,why.作宾语可以省略不可用that ,why。关系词一律不省。先行词名词或代词名词或代词,也可以使整个句子汉语翻译译作定语译成并列句 1二者差异比较限制定语从句
13、紧跟先行词,同先行词之间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导。He has a brother who is a physicist.He has a brother, who is a physicist. (只有一个)He returned all the books which are written in English.He returned all the books, which are written in English.I will wear
14、 no clothes which will be out of ordinary.I will wear no clothes, which will be out of ordinary.The man who lives next door is a doctor.My sister, who lives next door, is a doctor.Im sure I know the person who served me.Tom, who served us, is the owner of the restaurant.A student who studies hard wi
15、ll make good progress.The student, who lives far from school, is the leader of their football match.(六) 关系代词that和 which的区别 只能用that的情况 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none ,few.等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如:All the people that are present burst into tears.Everyt
16、hing that we saw was interesting.Im interested in everything that I dont know.All that is needed is a supply of oil.(2) 如果先等词被 all ,little none any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which.例如:I read all the books that you gave to me. This is the only money that I have in my pocket.All
17、 the money that was collected was given to the Hope Project. (3) 如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或者先行词是最高级时,关系代词常用that,不用which。This is the first book that was written in English. This is the last factory that I visited.This is the best film that I have ever seen.This is the funniest thing that I ever heard.(4) 如果
18、先等词被the only ,the very , the same ,the last修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which.This is the only book that I really like.He was the only person in the office that was invited to the ball.(5) 先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that。而不用who, which.例如: The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. He talked about
19、the teachers and schools that he had visited.(6)who ,which开头的特殊疑问句中,关系代词用that.Who is the person that is standing there?Which of us that knows English doesnt know this?which of the novel do you like best?(7) 关系代词作定语从句的表语时,关系代词用that.It took us many years to make the city that it is today. He is not th
20、e man that he used to be.China isnt the country it used to be.(8) 先行词是基数词或是序数词时,关系代词用that .Yesterday I caught two fish. Now you can see the two that are still alive in the basin of water. (9) 当主句 “there be “开头时,关系代词要用that 引导的定语从句修饰该句型的主语。There are four desks in the middle of the office that are used
21、 for the teachers.(10) 当先行词是 “to be “ 后面的表语时关系代词用that . This is the dictionary that was bought in the bookstore yesterday.只能用which的情况 1) 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。如:There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.Bei jing , which is chinas
22、capital, is rich in culture.2)those/that +名词后的定语从句用which引导。不能用关系代词that。That pen which he took is mine.A shop should keep those goods which sells well.3) 介词后只用which This is the room in which he lived. I dont know the man to whom you talked. The chair on which he is sitting is made of wood.(4) which还有
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 牛津 高级中学 英语语法 复习 温习 材料 模块 出版
限制150内