2022年高三定语从句考点归纳 .pdf

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1、读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思高三定语从句考点归纳定语从句又称为形容词性从句，引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词：who, whom, that, which, as, whose等和关系副词when, where, why等，关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语 , 表语，定语等；关系副词则在从句中充当状语。 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句，关键是看有无逗号把先行词与定语从句分开。若有，是非限定性定语从句，此时关系词不能省略；若无，则是限定性定语从句。综观历年高考试题，我们可以发现该语法项目是测试中的热点与难点。 为了便于同学们复习该语法点时有所侧重，本文拟就其考点作以归纳

2、。一、考查几组关系词异同1. 考查先行词是物时，关系代词which, that充当主语或宾语异同： 在限定性定语从句中充当主语、宾语关系代词which, that一般可以互换， 关系代词作宾语时还可以省略。（ 1）which 用于下列情况： ( I )如果引导的是非限定性定语从句; （II ）关系代精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思词充当介词的宾语， 且介词位于关系代词之前; （III）先行词本身是that等。（ 2）that用于下列情况： ( I ) 先行词是 all, ev

3、erything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词；（II ） 先行词被 all, any, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰；（III）先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；（IV）先行词被the only, the very( 正是、恰是 ),the last修饰；（ V）先行词中既有人也有物；（VI）在 which 或 who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句等。另外需要注意：先行词是the way ，并在定语从句充当状语时，关系代词用that或省略，若用which, 其前加介词in 。 典型考题 （09

4、 江西）The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which （ 07 年浙江） Chan s restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. A. that B. which C. who D. where (04 湖北 ) What surprised me was not what he said

5、 but _he said it. Athe way Bin the way that Cin the way Dthe way which 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思（ 10 全国） I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone else s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 解析： B。该题考查的是定语从句中关系代词前的介词位于谓语动词之后，关系代词可以省略，定语

6、从句补充完整为：(which/that) I grew up in，修饰先行词the house 。若选择 D 项，应该用in which I grew up B。先行词 Chan s restaurant在非限制性定语从句充当used to be poorly run的主语，故用 which 。A。在 notbut结构中，前后应一致，因but 之前是名词性从句，故其后也应该是名词性从句或与之相对的名词等，又因the way 在该定语从句充当方式状语，所以关系词用that, in which 或省略，故选 the way 。 B。不定代词something 在定语从句作主语，用that引导。2

7、. 考查先行词是人，关系代词who,whom,that充当主语或宾语异同：在限定性定语从句中充当主语一般用 who,that ；充当宾语时三者可以互换或关系代词还可以省略。下列情况用who或 whom:( I ) 在非限定性定语从句中， 先行词是人， 并在从句中充当主语，关系代词用who， 充当宾语， 用 whom或 who(口语中 ) ，（II ）先行词是人，介词后的宾语, 只能用 whom 等。 典型考题 （ 06 北京） Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having hea

8、rt disease than those _ dont.A. who ; 不填 B. 不填 ; who C. who ; who D. 不填 ; 不填（ 10 浙江） The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. Awhom Bwhich C them Dthose 解析： C。两处都是考查定语从句，并且都是关系代词充当主语，第一个空格前的women 是其后的定语从句的先行词，并在从句中充当主语，第二个空格前的thos

9、e 指代的是 women,是其后的定语从句的先行词，并在从句中充当主语，故前后两空都用who。A。在非限定性定语从句中表示人的先行词“1,000 people”充当介词of 的宾语，故用whom 。3. 先行词是人时，关系代词which 与 who/whom在定语从句的区别：关系代词which 引导定语从句，并在从句中作表语或补足语时，其先行词可以是表示人的职业、身份、性格、才能等，但这里的人不是指具体的人；而who在定语从句中作主语、宾语（口语），whom在定语从句中只作宾语，who或 whom 代的先行词是具体的人的名词或代词。 典型考题 （ 05 湖北） Her sister has b

10、ecome a lawyer, _she wanted to be. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思Awho Bthat Cwhat Dwhich (07 北京)We shouldn t spend our money testing so many people, most of _are healthy.A. that B. which C. what D. whom 解析：D。此处的 lawyer从表面看指的是人，但实际上是人的职业，并在非限制性定语从句充当be动词的

11、表语。故用which 。 D 。先行词people 在非限制性定语从句充当介词of 的宾语，故用whom 。4. 关系代词 whose与 which 在定语从句作定语的区别：在“（介词）+关系代词 +名词”中，关系代词作定语， 一般多用 whose（即指人， 也指物）； 但若名词是case, point, reason, fact, situation, time等抽象名词用来总结整个主句的情况或句子的部分内容时，作定语的关系代词用which，结构常见于“介词+关系代词 +名词”。另外需要注意：物作定语时，whose+名词 =the + 名词 +of+which 或 of+which +the

12、+名词。 典型考题 (05 重庆 )Mark was a student at this University from 1999 to 2003, he studied very hard and was made chairman of the students Union.A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time （ 10 山东）Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C.

13、whose D. What (08 陕西 )The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds. A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which 解析： A 。此题考查在定语从句中during which time表示“在 1999 至 2003 期间”。 C。空格处所选的词应该是引导定语从句并且在从句中作parts的定语，所以使用whose。whose parts=the parts of which

14、或 of which the parts。 D。先行词 watch 与定语从句中the hands构成从属关系，故结构为：the hands of which或 of which the hands或 whose hands。5. 考查关系代词which 与 as 引导非限定性定语从句的异同。两者都可并指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中做主语、宾语等，位于主句之后。（1）下列情况多用which: ( I )在非限制性定语从句作主语时谓语动词是连系动词之外的行为动词；（II ）非限制性定语从句用以对主句的意义进行补充，前后不一致，出乎意料的；（III）非限定性定语从句的关系代词紧跟在介

15、词后面充当介词的宾语等。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思（2）下列情况用as: ( I ) 在主句之前或插入主句之中用as；（ II ）表“如同那样，按照，正如”含义，这里的 as 主要起与上下文联系的作用，表达说话人的看法，并指出内容、出处和根据等，常用的结构有 as we know( 众所周知 ) ，as often happens (正如常发生的那样)， as is often the case（情况常常如此）， as is+announced/expected/kno

16、wn/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/reported ( 正如所 )等。 典型考题 （ 10 四川） After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling， turned out to be a wise decisionAthat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere (06 江苏 )The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it runn

17、ing, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. A. who B. that C. as D. which (04 江苏 ) _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As (00 北京春招 ) The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expected. A. when B. that C. which D. what 解析： B。此处应

18、为which 引导的非限制性定语从句，which 代替前面整个句子。D。从句中的谓语动词 meant 是非连系动词的行为动词，故用which 。 D。关系代词在非限制性定语从句指代后面一个句子，且在此从句中充当主语，故用As。 C。关系代词在非限制性定语从句指代前面一个句子，并在从句充当宾语，由从句可知，前面一件事是出人意料，并作expected 的宾语，故用which 。6. 考查关系代词与关系副词where,when,why 的区别及关系副词相互之间的区别：（1）可以用关系副词 where 代替 in which/on which/to which 等表示地点的状语，常见表地点的名词既有“

19、具体”的（如：place,school,family等）也有“抽象”的（如：point,situation,career,activity,job，stage ，scene等）。（ 2）可以用关系副词when代替 on which/in which/at which/during which等表示时间的状语，常见表时间的名词既有“具体”的（如：days,time等）也有“抽象”的（如：stay,occasion等）。（ 3）可以用关系副词why 代替 for which表示原因的状语（非限定性定语从句常用for which），此时其先行词常是 reason 。但需要注意的是：若表示时间、地点或

20、原因的先行词在从句中充当主语或宾语时，只能用关系代词 which,that或关系代词的省略形式（作宾语）。 典型考题 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思（ 10 福建） Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose （09 四川）She ll never f

21、org et her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when (02 上海春招 )Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained 解析： B。先行词 planet在从句中做地点状语，用关系副

22、词where 或 in which 。 D。her stay为先行词，可以理解为抽象的一段时间（她呆在那里期间），when指代 her stay在定语从句中做时间状语。A。先行词虽然是reason, 但在从句中充当explained的宾语，而非在从句中充当原因状语，故用he explained,省略了作宾语的关系代词。二、考查定语从句中的“介词+关系代词”结构1、考查该结构中关系代词的选用。若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom ，指物时常用 which 。 典型考题 （ 09 海南） She brought with her three friends, none of I ha

23、d ever met before. A. them B. who C. whom D. these （ 10 江苏）The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which 解析： C。在定语从句中代替先行词friends作介词 of 的宾语。故用关系代词whom 。D。在定语从句中先行词the newly built caf 作介词 of 的宾语

24、。故用关系代词whom 。2、考查该结构中介词的选用。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思（1）一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词固定搭配；句子的意思。 典型考题 ( 08 上海 )We went through a periodcommunications were very difficult in the rural areas. A.which B.whose C.in which D.with which （ 10 山东）

25、Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which ( 06 陕西 )She was educated at Beijing University, she went on to have her advanced study abroad. A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that 解析： C。把从句补充完整：communic

26、ations were very difficult in the rural areas in/during the period ，可以判断出此处用介词in 。此句中介词的选用取决于先行词period 。C。把从句补充完整：we may return to an ancient source of energy in the near future，可以判断出此处用介词to 。此句中介词的选用取决于从句中的动词固定搭配return to sth.。 A。主句与定语从句是先后关系，故用after which。此句中介词的选用取决于句子的意义（2）表示“整体和部分关系”、“同位关系”或“所属关

27、系”，介词常用of 。常见结构：（ I ）在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前后可以用of which/whom。（II ）the + 比较级或最高级前后用of which/whom等。 典型考题 ( 05 全国 I)I have many friends, some are businessmen. A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom （ 04 湖北） There are two buildings , stands nea

28、rly a hundred feet high . Athe larger B the larger of them Cthe larger one that Dthe larger of which 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思解析： D。 先行词 friends在定语从句中与some构成所属关系， 故用 some of whom或 of whom some 。D。先行词 buildings在定语从句中与比较级the larger构成所属关系，故用the larger

29、of which或of which the larger。三、考查定语从句的特殊结构1. 考查关于定语从句的分隔结构。命题者主要通过定语从句的分隔考查动词形式的选择和通过先行词的定位， 确定定语从句的关系词及介词+关系词的选用。 考查动词形式的选择主要表现在以下几方面：定语从句对主谓结构的分隔时的主句谓语动词选择；定语从句对从句中宾补结构的分隔时的非谓语动词；定语从句对主句定语、状语的分隔时的非谓语动词；定语从句对一些固定句式的分隔时的非谓语动词。(10 上海 )Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in studen

30、ts bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce (00 全国 )The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. carry out (10 江西 )The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister_ she would st

31、ay for an hour. A. where B. who C. which D. what （ 05 山东） The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992. A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed (07 辽宁 )You c ant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking 解析： B。此处应该用不定式。the on

32、ly way to do sth表示“做的唯一途径”。作定语的不定式被定语从句we can imagine 与被修饰词分开了。解答此类题应把定语从句去掉。C。先行词 the plan作 see 的宾语，此处的 see 后是复合结构， carry out 充当 the plan 的补足语，并与其构成被动， 故用 carried out 。解答此类题应把先行词还原到定语从句中去。A。先行词为centre, she would stay for an hour作定语，与其先行词被介词短语隔开了，该从句不缺宾语或主语, 故先行词在从句中作地点状语, 故用 where。为了保持句子平衡，定语从句与先行词

33、往往被介词短语、副词或谓语等分开，解答此类题，关键找准先行词。 B。这里的 he was used to 是省略了关系代词的定语从句，change 充当主句的谓语动词，因与since连用的主句常用现在完成时，同时主语是life,故用 has changed 。解答此类题应把定语从句去掉。D。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思结合题意和词义，我们可以断定句中的we had 是定语从句，修饰其前的difficulty，很显然，此题考查固定句式 have difficulty (in

34、)doing sth.。解答此类题应把先行词还原到定语从句中去看是否是固定句式。2. 考查带有插入语的定语从句的关系词的选用。做此类题中时，把关系词后的插入语（如：I believe,Ithink,I expect等）去掉进行判断。 典型考题 （ 05 福建） Is that the small town you often refer to? Right, just the one you know I used to work for years. Athat B which Cwhere Dwhat解析： C。you know 是插入语，在解题时可以省略，可以看出the one 指代 t

35、he small town 在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where 四、考查定语从句的主谓一致关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。 典型考题 （ 10 全国） Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _evening dress. A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn (09 宁夏高考适应 )She is one of the few girls who_in the kindergarten A. is well paid B. are

36、 well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well 解析： B。“the only one of+复数名词+定语从句”中的先行词是the only one，并从句作主语，故从句谓语动词用单数形式，另外，从is可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，故用wears。B。“one of+复数名词 +定语从句”中的先行词是复数名词，并从句作主语，故从句谓语动词用复数形式，根据句意，应用被动语态，故用are well paid。五、考查定语从句与其它从句的区别精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -

37、第 9 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思1. 考查非限定性定语从句与并列句的区别。区分办法主要看前后句之间是否有and、but 等并列连词或分号等的存在，若有，则为并列句；如果只有逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明，则为非限定性定语从句。 典型考题 （ 09 全国 II ）My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it .( 04 重庆 )I intended to compare notes with a friend, but

38、 unfortunately conldn t spare me even one minute A.they B.one C.who D.it 解析： A。由两句中用逗号且上句内容在后句中充当主语可知，后句是非限制性定语从句，关系代词用 which 。A。由两句中间有but 可知，是并列句。 句中的 a friend指任意一个朋友， 可理解为 a friend of mine ，而后半句意指“我的这些朋友们”，为复数，故选they 2. 考查主语从句与非限定性定语从语的区别。重点考察it,what和 as 的选用。常见的考查结构：（1）“It be done（如： said/suggeste

39、d等） that+ 从句（ that+ 从句是主语从句，It是形式主语）”意为“据/ 人们（说 /建议等）”。（2）“What be done（如：said/suggested等） is that+从句（ that+ 从句是表语从句，what 引导主语从句）”意为“所（说/ 建议等）的是”。（3）“As be do ne（如： said/suggested等）, 主句（ As 引导非限定性定语从句）”意为“正如所（说 / 建议等）的那样，”。， 典型考题 ( 08 福建 ) is known to us all is that the 2008 Olmpic Games will take p

40、lace in Beijing. A.It B.What C.As D.Which ( 08 上海 )It has been proved eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. A.if B.because C.when D.that 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思( 04 北京 ) is reported in the ne

41、wspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. A.It B.As C.That D.What 解析： B。what 引导主语从句，并在从句中先当主语。D。此结构是it是形式主语，真正的主语是 that引导的主语从句。that 在从句中不充当任何成分。B。As 引导非限定性定语从句，放句首，“正如”之意。3. 某一名词或代词后引导定语从句与地点状语从句的区别。是定语从句时，该名词或代词在从句中充当成分； 如果后面句子只是说明前面该名词或代词所处的位置，该名词或代词又不在从句中充当成分时，应该是地点状语从句。 典型考题

42、 （ 10 天津） Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? You should try the barbersI go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that ( 08 山东)Youd better not leave the medicine kids can get at it. A.even if B.which C.where D.so that 解析： C。根据句意分析可知，表示地方的名词the barber s 在后面的从句中充当地点状语，故用 where 引

43、导定语从句。C。后面句子说明the medicine 所处的位置，并且the medicine 在后面的从句中不充当任何成分，故用where 引导地点状语从句。4. 考查定语从句和同位语从句的区别。它们都可放在名词后。但在定语从句中，该名词在从句中充当成分，从句对该名词进行修饰；同位从句是对前面抽象名词进行具体解释说明，该抽象名词不在从句中充当成分。 典型考题 (08 山东 ) Do you have anything to say for yourselves? Yes, there s one point we must insist on. A.why B.where C.how D./

44、 ( 06 安徽 )A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思A.if B.when C.that D.which 解析：D。point在后面从句中充当介词on 的宾语，故此题考查定语从句中关系代词充当宾语。C。that引导同位语从句，解释说明thought的具体内容，

45、that 在从句中不充当成份。5. 考查 the same,such引导限定性定语从句和结果状语从句的区别。the same,such,so可以与 as或 that搭配。 as 引导的是定语从句，前面名词或代词要在从句中充当成份；而that 引导的是结果状语从句，从句结构完整。 典型考题 ( 07 上海)Pop music is such an important part of society it has even influenced our language. A. as B. that C. which D. where (00 上海春招 )These houses are sold

46、 at such a low price people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which 解析： B。suchthat中，that引导结果状语从句，从句中不缺成份。B。suchas 中 as 引导定语从句，且 as 代替 price在从句中充当expected 的宾语练一练1. He is the only one of the students who_a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C.have been D. has been 2.A computer is suc

47、h a useful machine_we can use everywhere. A. that B. which C. as D. what 3.The river,_ the banks are covered with trees,is very long. A. whose B. which C. of which D. which of 4. China s population is expected to increase to about1.5 billion in 2040，_it will start to decline slowly. A. where B. whic

48、h C. on which D.after which 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思5.In a sports team each player has a clear role,and there are few occasions_members are confused or uncertain of their roles. A. when B. which C. whose D. why 6.The doctor _is leaving for Africa

49、next month. A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking 7.Finally,the thief handed everything _he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. whatever D. that 8.Alice received an invitation from her boss,_came as a surprise. A.

50、 it B. that C. which D. he 9.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 10.The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom参考答案： 15 DCCDA 6 10 CDCDB 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师