2022年高中英语语法填空技巧讲解篇 .pdf

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1、第 1 页 共 5 页按设题类型分为三类情况：(1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7 个技巧：技巧 1：缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词 )。如：例 1I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _38_ gets there almost in a second. 解析： and 连接前后两个句子，and 后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，“ 马上可到达那里 ” 的是 the m

2、essage，替代 the message 用代词 it 。技巧 2：名词前面，若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词)，很可能是填限定词。如：例 2It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _33_rice crop grow up quickly. 解析：名词rice crop 前还没有限定词，应当填限定词；根据句意，这个急性子人当然是急于使“ 他的 ” 禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物主代词his。例 3 the head of the vill

3、age was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _35_ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 解析：因单数可数名词town 前还没有限定词，应填限定语；根据句意，是指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的一个小镇上去修理，表示“ 一个 ” ，用不定冠词，故填a。技巧 3：句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。例 4 who should have the honour of receiving me _33_ a guest

4、in their house. (2007年广东高考 ) 解析：因 a guest 在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语，前面一定是填介词，使其成为该介词的宾语；又由句意可知，他们“ 把我当作客人” 来接待，表示“ 当作 ” ，用介词as。技巧 4：若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。例 5 from two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso _34_ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars. 解析：因与Pablo Picasso (毕加索 )与 Candido Portina

5、ri (坎迪多 波尔蒂纳里 )这两个名词之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，应填and。例 6 all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me _36_almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008年深圳一模 ) 解析：因 melted me 和 gave me 两个动宾短语之间没有连词，一定是填连词； 两者是并列关系，故填 and。技巧5：若两句 (一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号

6、或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。例 7 I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days _32_I was to return to Guangzhou. 解析：因I wanted to 是一个句子，I was to return也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系，可知“ 参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方” 应是在 “ 返回广州 ” 之前，故填before。技巧 6：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填

7、情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did 等 )。例 9What is acceptable in one country _31_be considered extremely rude in another. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页第 2 页 共 5 页解析：句中What is acceptable in one country是主语从句，空格后的be considered 是谓语；因其中的be是原形，故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称

8、单数)；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“ 可能 ” 的情态动词may。例 10 He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary. 解析：这是一个由but 连接的并列句，由前一分句的谓语动词had 是一般过去时可知，后一分句的谓语动词 bring 也应用一般过去时；可是，bring 却用的是原形，既与语境的时态不附，也与主语he 不一致，该句不是倒装句，因此，此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词did；由句意和作者的语气

9、推测，应当填对谓语表示强调的助动词did(的确 ) 技巧 7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1)由 it is that 强调结构形式，判断填it 还是 that 。如：例 11 and _40_was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn t eat MSG (味精 )! 解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填it。(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, d

10、oes, did 等。 如：例 12 _with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. 解析：由 can you expect to可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词only，因为 “only +状语 (with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒装。(3)由 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it 。如：例 13 as _32_took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world -famous artists (2008年佛山二模 ) 解

11、析： it takes, sb. some time to do sth. 句型，不定式 to steal paintings 是真正的主语， 空格处填形式主语it 。例 14Dating sites also make _36_easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. 解析：由句式结构可知，to avoid 是真正的宾语，easy 是宾补，空格处应填作形式宾语的it。(4)so /such that 句型。 如：例 15 This made the goat so jealous _34_it began plotting a

12、gainst (谋划对付 ) the donkey. 解析：是sothat 句型，应填that。(5)more than ( 与其说 不如说 ，比 更)句型。 如：例 16Cynthia s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _40_ how much he pays. 解析：是 morethan 句型，故填that。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。(2) 给出了动词的试题的解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。技巧 8：若

13、句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态主谓一致。例 17His fear of failure _36_ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. 解析：因主语His fear of failure后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与keep 是主动精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页第 3 页 共

14、5 页关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词played 可知，要用一般过去时，故填kept。例 18 That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _40_ (close) my book and walked away. 解析： 虽然句中已有谓语动词declined ，但由 and walked 可知， 所填词与 declined 和 walked 是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式closed。例 19 In Logan, three people _38_ (take)to a

15、 hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. 解析：因主语three people 与 take 是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由were treated 可知，要用一般过去时，故填were taken。技巧 9：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用 ing 形式、 ed 形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：(1)作主语或宾语，通常用ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。如：例 20 but it is not enough only _3

16、5_(memorize) rules from a grammar book. 解析：因it 是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填to memorize 。例 21 _ (speak) out your inner feeling won t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary解析：句中已有谓语won t make，所以 speak 应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语，一般用不定式。如：例 22 _ (complete) the project as

17、 planned, we ll have to work two more hours a day. 解析：因句中已有谓语will have to work，所以 complete 应为非谓语动词；因“(为了 )按计划完成这项工程” 是“ 我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时” 的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填To complete 。例 23 Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _33_ (succeed). 解析：因在形容词likely 后作状语，要用动

18、词不定式，故填to succeed。(3)作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词;是被动关系，用过去分词。如： 例 24 He saw the stone, _37_ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” 解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw 不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He 与 say 是主动关系，故填saying 作伴随状语。例 25 The headmaster went into the lab, _(follow) by the foreign guests. 解析： 句中已有谓语went，而

19、follow 又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因 the headmaster 与 follow是被动关系，故用过去分词followed 作伴随状语。(4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用ing 形式，是被动关系用 ed 形式。 如：例 26 There will be a meeting, _40_ (start) later this year to review the film. 解析：因a meeting 与 start 是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明a meeting，故填 starting。例 27 Lessons _39_

20、 (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (广东考试说明) 解析：因句中已有谓语can help，所以 learn 应为非谓语动词；又因lesson 与 learn 是被动关系，要用过精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页第 4 页 共 5 页去分词短语作定语，故填learned/learnt。(3)、词类转换题的解题技巧根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：技巧 10：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。如：例 2

21、8 The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 解析：因在系动词felt 后作表语，用形容词，故填silent 。例 29 In a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。例 30 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students

22、 _ (interest) in the subject 解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students 的补足语，用形容词；表示“ 感兴趣 ” ，填 interested。技巧 11：作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。如：例 31 When China s ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions. 解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，China

23、s ancient scientific and technological 是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由are 可知，主语是复数，故填achievements。例 32 These people have made great _39_ (contribute) to China with their work. 解析：作及物动词have made 的宾语，用名词；表示“ 作贡献 ” ，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填 contributions 。例 33 instructors expect students to be familiar with _32_ (inform

24、) in the reading. 解析：因with 是介词，在介词后作宾语，要用名词，故填information 。技巧 12：在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“ 冠词 (+形容词 )” 后，用名词形式。如：例 34 the remains date from this period because of their _38_ (similar) to those found elsewhere. 解析：在形容词性物代词(their) 后应当用名词，故填similarities 。例 35 With the large numbers of students, the _ (operate) o

25、f the system does involve a certain amount of activity. 解析：在冠词后，要用名词，故填operation。技巧 13：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：例 36 As I looked _32_ (close) at this girl, I fount that 解析：修饰动词looked，作状语，用副词，故填closely 。例 37 There must be something _40_ (serious) wrong with our society. 解析：要求填的词修饰形容词wrong，作状语，用副

26、词，故填seriously。例 38Singles are flocking( 涌向 ) to the Internet _33_ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time 解析：修饰because引导的原因状语从句，修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，故填mainly 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页第 5 页 共 5 页技巧14：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻

27、辑关系，在词根前加un, im 等，在词根后加less 等。 如：例 39 People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ (use). 解析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可知，作者是表达“ 没有什么知识是无用的” ，故填 useless。例 40 Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office. 解析：在名词前作定语， 用形容

28、词形式； 但根据句意可知， 错误是引起不必要的麻烦事，故填 unnecessary。技巧15：括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。如：例 41 there was a lot of information about the city s well-known tourist _34_ (attract) 解析：尽管 attract 是动词， 但这是考查词类转换的；在句中作介词about 的宾语， 用名词， 故填 attraction 。例 42The other frog went on jumping as har

29、d as he could He jumped even _36_ (hard) and finally made himself out. 解析：联系前句，又有even(更加 )的提示，可知这里用比较级，故填harder。例 43Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexico s border with Texas on Friday, destroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said. The _33_ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. (2007 梅州二模 ) 解析：结合前段内容，特别是the 的提示，可知要用bad 的最高级worst，表示 “ 最严重的 ” 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页