2022年第二部分第一讲名词和冠词.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思第一讲 名词和冠词名词的数1可数名词的数1可数名词单数变复数的规章变化可数名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式词尾后加-s 或- es, 规章的复数构成形式如下：变化规章例词tabletables一般情形下在词尾直接加 -s parkparksbusbuses以-s、 -x、 - ch、 - sh 结尾的名在词尾加 -es boxboxes词wishwisheswatchwatchesfamily families以辅音字母加 -y 结尾的名词将-y 变为 -i 再加 -es butterfly butterfl

2、iesdictionary dictionariesdaydays以元音字母加 -y 结尾的名词在词尾直接加 -s holiday holidaysmonkey monkeysphotophotos以-o 结尾的名词一般在词尾加 -s radioradios有些在词尾加 -es zoozoospotatopotatoestomatotomatoesheroheroes名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思knife knives以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词2有些名词的复数形式不是以

3、加变化规章变内部元音一般变 -f 或- fe 为-v, 再wife wives加-es life livesleaf leaves少数直接加 -s roofroofs belief beliefs -s 或-es构成,它们的不规章变化构成形式如下：例词manmenwoman womenfoot feetmouse micegoosegeesetoothteeth 词尾加- en 或-ren 单复数同形ox oxenchild children fish, sheep, deer, means方式；方法 , series, Chinese, Swiss 2.不行数名词的数一般来说,物质名词和抽象

4、名词是不行数的,因此没有复数形式,一般也不能用 a 或 an修饰；通常只用作不行数名词的名词有：milk, homework, housework, weather, news, information, bread, advice, progress, equipment, meat, fun, luggage, furniture, wealth, word 消息 , room空间 , man人类 等；1word 意为 “ 消息 ” , room 意为 “ 空间 ” , man 意为 “ 人类 ”瘙嚔Word came that the meeting will be held on Fr

5、iday. 有消息称会议将于周五召开；时, 通常不带任何修饰词；2名词前有man 或 woman 修饰,变复数时,作定语的man/woman 和中心词都要变成复数形式；瘙嚔man doctor men doctors 男医生瘙嚔woman teacher women teachers 女老师抽象名词详细化名师归纳总结 1表示某种特点、状态、 情感的抽象概念的不行数名词,可以与不定冠词an连用, 表第 2 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思示详细的人或物；主要有：抽象名词 详细意义surprise 惊

6、奇 a surprise 让人惊讶的人或事success胜利 a success胜利的人或事pride 自豪 a pride 让人自豪的人或事续 表抽象名词 详细意义pleasure 兴奋 a pleasure 令人兴奋的事pity 怜悯 a pity 令人遗憾的事failure 失败 a failure 失败的人或事relief 劝慰 a relief 令人感到宽慰的事concern 关怀 a concern 关怀的事beauty 漂亮 a beauty 漂亮的人或事2.留意某些物质名词可个体化为可数名词,如 a coffee 一杯咖啡；two teas 两杯茶； a paper一篇论文等；

7、名词的固定搭配考查名词固定搭配在详细语境中的运用；常见的固定搭配：动词名词 介词名词have/ gain access to 取得 in great demand 需求量很大的使用机会take place 发生 beyond recognition 认不出来take advantage of 利用 make room for 为 腾出空out of question 毫无疑问 on condition that 以 为条件,名师归纳总结 间只要总的第 3 页,共 12 页make contact with 与 取得on the whole 从整体而言,- - - - - - -精选学习资料 -

8、 - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思联系 来说make a compromise 妥协 in possession of 拥有catch sight of 突然观察 in the distance 在远处give a solution 解决 beyond belief 难以置信单句语法填空12022 太原模拟 The little boy ate so many_potato and so much meat that he threw up at dawn. 答案： potatoes 22022 临沂二模 The ALS makes people musc

9、les become hard. It is hard for the patients to move. Stephen Hocking is one of the_suffer. 答案： sufferers 3As we know, New Zealand is famous for its beautiful scenery and _place of interest. 答案： places 42022 全国卷 语法填空 While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the_chang

10、e are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 答案： changes 5. 2022 全国卷 语法填空 In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their_able to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. 答案： ability 6. Its too early to

11、declare his efforts to be a_successful 答案： success 冠词的基本用法1不定冠词的基本用法名师归纳总结 1用在第一次提到的人或物的名词前,表泛指；第 4 页,共 12 页瘙嚔At that time, I was working in a factory. The factory produces various car parts. 那时,我在一家工厂工作；那家工厂生产各种汽车零部件；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思2表示数量“ 一”或“ 任何一个” ；瘙嚔 Wha

12、t would you like. 你想喝点什么？I would like a coffee and two beers. 我想喝一杯咖啡和两瓶啤酒；3用于序数词前,表示“ 又一,再一” ；瘙 嚔 He missed the gold medal in the high jump, but he will get a second chance in the long jump. 他在跳高竞赛中错失了金牌,2定冠词的基本用法但是在跳远竞赛中他仍有机会；1特指前面已提及的人或物,或双方都知道的人或物；瘙 嚔 Take your time its just a short distance fro

13、m here to the restaurant. 不焦急 从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离；2用于单数可数名词、形容词或分词前,表示“ 一类人或物”；瘙 嚔 The explosion saw people rush to help the injured. 爆炸发生后,人们赶到现场帮忙受伤的人；3用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only, very, same 等之前；瘙嚔Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China. 在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人；4用于被限制性修饰语加以限定的人或物前；瘙嚔2022

14、重庆高考单项填空I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask. 我刚听说多拉工作的银行被一个戴面具的持枪人抢劫了；3零冠词的基本用法 1用于表示泛指的不行数或复数名词前；瘙嚔Keeping a diary is a good habit, by which youll make great progress. 记日记是一个可以让你取得进步的好习惯；2用于与 by 连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前；瘙 嚔 Are you going there by plane or by ship.

15、 你是乘飞机仍是乘船去那里？3用于系动词 turn 后的单数名词作表语时；瘙 嚔 After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager. 多年的努力工作之后,汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一名优秀的经理；冠词用于固定搭配中名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思1常用固定结构1用于“bythe表示计量单位的名词”结构中,表示“ 按 运算”；瘙 嚔 Its said John will be in a jo

16、b paying over $60, 000 a year. 据说,约翰将获得一个年薪超过 6 万美元的工作；Right, he will also get paid by the week. 是的,他的工资将按周支付；2用于“the比较级 .the比较级 .” 越 越 结构中；瘙 嚔 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越当心,就会越少犯错误；2冠词用在固定短语中1不定冠词用于固定短语中at a loss不知所措,困惑all of a sudden 突然in a hurry 匆忙的as a rule 通常b

17、e on a visit 参观；拜望as a matter of fact 事实上as a result 因此be on a diet 节食have a gift for 在某方面有天赋have/catch a cold 感冒make a living 谋生have/take a rest 休息in a way 从某种意义上说give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车2定冠词用于固定短语中at the moment 此刻；目前at the same time 同时名师归纳总结 not in the least 一点也不第 6 页,共 12 页on the contrary 相反on the

18、whole 总的来说to tell the truth 说实话in the distance 在远处on the other hand 另一方面- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思to the point 中肯；切题make the most/best of 充分利用by the way 顺便说一下go to the cinema/theater 去看电影 /戏剧in the middle of 在 中间in the family way 怀孕3零冠词用于固定短语中on purpose 有意地by chance 碰巧

19、catch/on fire 着火at dawn/dusk 在清晨 /黄昏out of date 过时by sea 乘船 单句语法填空12022 全国卷 语法填空 The adobe dwellings 土坯房 built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even_most modern of architects and engineers. 答案： the 22022 河南高考适应性测试We can broaden our horizons and know more about the world

20、 by watching_latest news and reports. 答案： the 32022 南昌二模 Lionel Messi, _player from the South American country of Argentina, is the greatest soccer player alive today. 答案： a 42022 河南一般毕业班适应性练习 used in many aspects. 答案： an English is now_international language. It is 5The experiment turned out to be

21、_ complete failure, which wasn t what they wanted. 答案： a 62022 河南罗山高中二模I said, “ You tell your sweet nephew that there are still nice people left who want to give them _hand in this world.”答案： a 单句改错12022 太原二模 Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in 名师归纳总结 - - -

22、 - - - -第 7 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思a ordinary school. 其次个 a an 22022 河南六市第一次联考Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years. It came suddenly and went on for more than three hours. a the 32022 济宁模拟 Hiking is great fun. You will get close to the nature and take exercise at the

23、 same time. 去掉第一个the 去掉其次个the 4As far as I know the dictionary is of no the help to English beginners.5Child as he is,he likes to be treated like the adult. thean , 同学用书 P248 单句语法填空12022 洛阳高三其次次统考There is a famous_say “Good habits lead to good endings ”, which shows the importance of habits. 答案： say

24、ing 22022 济南一模 The_protect and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects all the people and economic development throughout the world. 答案： protection 32022 聊城模拟 In the rush hour, there were so many cars and_bus on the road, so I was stuck. 答案： buses 4 2022 滕 州 5 月 模 拟 For s

25、everal weeks, Mrs. Edwards hoped to be one of the lucky_housewife like many of her friends. 答案： housewives 52022 深圳一模 But the man wasn答案： expression t sitting down with a sad_express. 62022 青岛检测 For the millions and millions of people living in modern_time they might have to change their diets, espe

26、cially those with poorer nutrition quality. 答案： times 72022 江西八校一模 The grass under our_foot is very green. 答案： feet 82022 江西上饶三模 They are always gathering in their winter food in the middle of summer and they are making_prepare for the long cold winter. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - -

27、 - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思答案： preparations 92022 郑州第三次诊断 British families started going on holiday to the seaside around the middle of the 19 thcentury. The_invent of the railways made this possible. 答案： invention 10 2022 济南模拟 Just imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that with

28、 so many eyes fixed upon me. I had no other_choose, though. 答案： choice 112022 山东烟台模拟 If you don have_good knowledge of English, it s out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently. 答案： a 12 2022 河北保定联考 There are only a few stands in the canteen, leading to lots of students having to lin

29、e up for food. It is_waste of time, isnt it. 答案： a 13 2022 日照模拟 Would you mind giving me advice on how to improve my record. If you make_most of your potential, there will be a rise in your achievement. 答案： the 14 2022 南昌一模 In_eyes of children, playing on the Internet can only bring them great fun.

30、答案： the 15. 2022 河南三门峡考前适应性练习Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not_pleasant experience：people stepped on your feet or pushed you with their elbows肘部 , hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. 答案： a 16. 2022邢台高三摸底考试Driver: I terribly sorry, officer. I wont do it again. Could you please let me

31、 off with_warning. 答案： a 17. 2022 石家庄二模 Our destination was Orewa, _seaside town. 答案： a 18. 2022 青岛自主诊断 After_short silence, the man told the doctor that he seized all the money that his father gave to his brother, who was abroad. 答案： a 19. 2022 福建龙岩质检 When we think of_first thing on land, we probab

32、ly think of strange animals coming out of the oceans. 答案： the 20. 2022 南阳一中三模 Have you experienced the thrilling sportfreeflying ？Imagine falling 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思towards the planet Earth at_awesome speed of 300 kilometers per hour. You star

33、t your fall from over four kilometers above the Earth. 答案： an 单句改错1. 2022 石家庄模拟 According to a report, the habitat of many wild animals and plant, the Polar Bears included, is threatened. plant plants 2. 2022 温州一模 Apart from doing some cleaning for the old people, giving some performance with my fri

34、ends is another thing I can do. performanceperformances 3. 2022 日照模拟 I will never sell my furnitures to anyone at any time, whatever he may pay for it. furnitures furniture 4. 2022 山东省试验中学模拟He lost his way in a small village. Otherwise, he would have visited more places of interests yesterday. inter

35、ests interest 52022 江西九校联考 I think it good habit that in our spare time we read more books of great use. good 前加 a 62022 河北衡水中学二模Recently wildlife protection has become the increasingly popular topic all over the world. 第一个 thean 语法填空2022 聊城模拟 Summer vacations are the time when kids can finally rela

36、x without thinking about school, studies and homework. 1. _kids wait for their summer vacations with great excitement, most of them get 2. _bore within a week, which can get annoying for the parents as well. Hence, 3. _is a good idea to plan the kids summer vacations before they begin. Going on a ho

37、liday 4. _your family is one of the best ideas. It is not only 5. _great way to relax, but the best way of 6. _spend some quality time with your loved ones. If you 7. _think of vacationing at a particular place for several days, this is the best time to 8. _actual go there. However, before you decid

38、e on the place, there 9. _be several factors that you have to keep in mind, including your budget, holiday expenses, etc. If you are not able to decide on a particular place, consult a travel agency where you will get details about various family holiday packages. They will also suggest some places

39、10. _kids can have fun. 【解题导语】暑假是孩子们能够休闲玩耍的时间,但是时间太长会让他们厌倦暑假生活,所以在暑假之前就要为他们做好外出旅行的方案；名师归纳总结 1Although/Though解析：考查连词；尽管孩子们很兴奋地等待他们的暑假,但是一第 10 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思周内他们就厌烦了,故填 Although 或 Though；2bored 解析：考查形容词；get bored“ 变得厌烦 ”；3it 解析：考查代词；it 作形式主语,后面的动词不定式是

40、真正的主语；4with 解析：考查介词；go on a holiday with sb. “与某人一起度假”；5a 解析：考查冠词；way 为可数名词,这里泛指一种休闲的好方式；故填 a；6spending 解析：考查非谓语动词；介词 of 后面跟动词 - ing 形式；故填 spending；7have been thinking 解析：考查时态；依据 “for several days” 和 think 这一动作仍在进行可知,此处应用现在完成进行时；8actually 解析：考查副词；这里应用副词修饰动词 go, 故填 actually；9are 解析：考查主谓一样和动词时态；这是 the

41、re be 句型,主语为复数 several factors, 且依据上下文时态可知,应用一般现在时,故填 are；10where 解析：考查定语从句；先行词为 places, 定语从句中缺少地点状语,故填 where； 短文改错2022 河北高三教学质检 Nothing is impossible！If you have a dream,your dream will must come true as long as you always work hard. To tell you truth ,my dream is common. I want to be a doctor. The

42、re was a time that I was in hospital. I saw with my own eyes that a doctor fights all night to save a babys life. I was touched by the kindly behavior of the doctor. I think doctors are the greatest. We can make patients recover from a disease. However,I am determined to be a doctor to help whomever suffers from illnesses. I hope that I am able to help people keep healthy. At the same time , I will devote myself to treat patients. In a word