2022年第六讲分隔式定语从句详解.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 第六讲 定语从句与先行词分隔通常,定语从句紧跟在先行词之后,但在详细的运用中, 往往也显现有定语从句与先行词被分隔的现象； 有时是为了行文的需要, 定语从句和它所修饰的先行词被谓语, 状语,第一后置定语等成分所分隔；有时是为了增加语言的敏捷性和丰富性,在定语从句中常常使用插入语, 特别是在关系词和其引导的从句之间；解此类试题,找准先行词是关键；忽视掉插入语,题就变得简洁了；一、定语从句与先行词分隔的形式1、定语从句被谓语分隔Many forms of apparatus （装置,仪器） have been devised （设计） by whi

2、ch a more accurate （精确的）knowledge of blood pressure （压力）can be obtained （获得）人们已经设计出很多医疗器械, 通过这些医疗器械, 可以对血压有一个更为精确 的明白；分析 ：先行词是 apparatus ,被 by which 后面的定语从句修饰 have been devised 分隔了先行词和定语从句； 不分隔的语序是： Many forms of apparatus by which a more accurate knowledge of blood pressure can be obtained have bee

3、n devised 明显,句子头重脚轻；2、被状语分隔： Never say anything behind a persons back that you wouldnt say to his face 当面不愿说的话,千万不要在背后说；分析 ：先行词是 anything ,定语从句 that you wouldnt say to his face 被状语behind a persons back分隔；I remember viewing a half dozen men in a chair 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - -

4、 - - - factory whose job was to bend several pieces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result 我记得曾在一家椅子厂见过六个工人,他们的工作 是将几根钢管弯曲并组成一把折椅；分析 ：先行词是 men ,whose job 后面引导的是定语从句, 被状语 in a chair factory 所分隔； Temperature plays the same part in the flow of heat that pressure does in the flow

5、of fluids 温度在热的传导中所起的作用和压力在液体的流淌中所起的作用相同；分析 ：先行词是 part,定语从句 that pressure does in the flow of fluids,被状语in the flow of heat 所分隔；3、被补语分隔 ：The cook turned pale ,and asked the housemaid to shut the door ,who asked Brittles ,who asked the tinker ,who pretended not to hear 厨 子的脸色变得惨白, 要女仆把门关上, 女仆叫布立特尔关,

6、布立特尔又叫补锅匠 关,而补锅匠装着没听见；分析： 先行词是 the housemaid ,who asked 后面引导非限制性定语从句,修饰the housemaid ,定语从句和先行词被补语to shut the door 分隔；4、被同位语分隔 ：One was a violent thunderstorm ,the worst I had ever seen ,which obscured my objective有一次是暴风骤雨,猛烈的程度实为我平生所仅见；这阵暴风雨遮住了我的目标；分析 ：先行词是 thunderstorm ,定语从句被 the worst I had ever s

7、een 分隔；5、被插入语分隔 ：Is there anyone you can think of who may know which hospital he was sent to ？你能不能想到有谁可能知道他被送往哪一家医院了？名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 分析 ：先行词是 anyone ,who 后面引导定语从句,被you can think of 分隔；6、被非从句定语分隔 ：Singapore is at the start of a long road,already well trodden in

8、 the west ,that leads to such solutions as shelter and rest homes新加坡眼下正踏上一条西方国家早已走了很远的漫长道路,养院来解决问题；即最终建立收容所和休分析：先行词 road ,that leads 后面的定语从句修饰 road, 被 already well trodden in the west 分隔；Does this mean that in time fish might learn to leave alone all food on hooks that they have seen before ？这莫非不就意味

9、着,鱼儿很快就可能学会躲开那些它们常见的鱼钩上的食物吗？分析 ：先行词 food ,that they have seen before定语从句被 on hooks 分隔；7、先行词所带的非从句定语常需置于定语从句之前而造成先行词与定语从句分 隔：There was something original,independent and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them 这个方案有制造性,而且别出心裁,又有魅力,所以深得 他们的喜爱；分析 ：先行词 something ,非从句定语 original ,independent and h

10、eroic about the plan 位于定语从句 that pleased all of them之前,分隔了先行词和定语从句； No doubt there are questions of principle（原就）involved which can not be ignored and underestimated无疑,这里涉及人们不能忽视或低估的原就问题；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 分析 ：先行词 questions ,which can 后面的定语从句被 f principle involve

11、d 分隔；二、定语从句分隔其他句子成分1.定语从句对主谓结构的分隔The country life he was used to _ greatly since the opening policy. Changed B. has changed C. Changing D. having changed 分析 ：句中 he was used to 为定语从句,修饰先行词即主句的主语,而不能对其后的谓语起任何作用,因此整个句子缺少谓语动词,故答案为 B. 2.定语从句对宾补结构的分隔；Mr. Green was disappointed to see the washing machine s

12、he had had _ go wrong again. repaired B. it repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired 分析 ：认真分析整个句子,可以看出该题考查have sth. done 结构；解此题的难点在于定语从句 that which she had had repaired 把宾语与宾补分隔开来；that which 在从句中作宾语被省略了,repaired 作宾语补足语；所以选 A. 3.定语从句对定语结构、状语结构的分别Can you tell me the way you thought of _ the problem ？A.

13、 working at B. to work out C. to work for D. working out 分析 ：此题考查的是双层定语； 即 you thought of 为限制性定语从句, to work out 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - the problem 为后置定语,这两部分都用来限制宾语the way . 该题假如忽视了定语 从句的分隔作用,极简洁误选 D 项；正确答案为 B；The young student did all that he could _ the examination

14、s. A.pass B. to pass all； to pass the examinations 在C. passing D. passed 分析 : that he could do 是定语从句,修饰句中作目的状语；所以答案为B；4、定语从句对一些固定句式；You can t imagine the hard time she had _ the children. A. bringing up B. to bring up C. growing D. brought up 分析 ：结合题意和词义,可以肯定句中的 she had 是定语从句,修饰前面的 time；将其仍原正常句式就为：所

15、以答案为 A；She had the hard time in bringing up the children .5. 定语从句对强调句的分隔；It is near the place _ there is a bomb _ we found the dead man. 名师归纳总结 A.where; where B. where ; that where there is bomb 是定语从句,第 5 页,共 9 页C. that ; where D. that; that 分析 ：该题考查的是含定语从句的强调结构；故正确的答案为 B；很多同学简洁误选C. - - - - - - -精选学

16、习资料 - - - - - - - - - 6. 定语从句对独立结构的分隔With everything she needed _ , she went home happily . A.to buy B. buying that she needed 的使用C. bought D. buy 分析：该题考查 with 复合结构的用法,其中定语从句极简洁干扰同学的思维,造成错选；正确答案为C；三、定语从句与先行词分隔的缘由1、为了保持句子结构平稳,防止“ 头重脚轻” ,将定语从句与先行词分隔,例如：MrLeon said in the future,computer would be devel

17、oped which would be small enough to carry in the pocket利昂先生说,将来会生产出小得可以放在口袋里的运算机； 2、为了突出或强调主句中的主谓结构所表达的意义,将定语从句与先行词分隔,例如：Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries ,who will negotiate trade agreem ents with the respective govern- ments 中国已派出贸易代表团前往非洲各国,以便与这些国家的政府商谈贸易 协定； The day i

18、s not far off when a lot of housework can be done by machine 大量家务活由机器来干的日子不远了；四、与先行词分隔的定语从句的汉译 1、将定语从句译为汉语“ 的” 字结构,置于先行词之前 ,例如： Yet there exist 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - com plex computations in science and engineer-ing which people are unable to make 到目前为止, 在科学和工程方面仍存在

19、很多人们无能为力的复杂运算；He merely swallows this theory because there is something about it that appeals to the twentieth-century m entality他全盘接受这一理论,只是由于这一理论中有一种迎合二十世纪心理的东西； I think it is clear that each side entertainssuspicions of the other which are unjust 有正值理由的猜疑；我认为双方明显相互怀着没2、将定语从句单独译为一个分句, 例如：There is

20、som ebody waiting for you who I think might be one of your friends from your native town有个人在外面等你,我想这个人可能就是你家乡的一位伴侣；The molecules exert forces upon each other ,which depend upon the distance between them 分子相互之间存在着力的作用,该力的大小取决于它们的距离；The result of this is the retention of too much air in the respirator

21、y tract at each expiration which prevents the fresh air from being taken in at the next inhalation from reaching the lung alveoli其结果就是在每次呼气时呼吸道里保留过多的空气,这样就在下次吸气时阻碍吸入的新奇空气抵达肺泡里；3、将定语从句与先行词溶合译出,例如：He is a wise man who speaks little智者言少； No method is known by which it is possible to create energy out o

22、f nothing 大家知道,根本没有什么方法能够凭空制造能量经典练习：（以下习题比较经典,请留意体会懂得）名师归纳总结 1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the 第 7 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - next year. A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out 2. I can t find Mr. Liu. Where did you meethim thi

23、s morning . -It was in the hotel _ he stayed. A. that B. which C. the one D. where 3.You can hardly imagine the difficulty she had _ enough evidence（证据）to prove the case. A. collected B. to collect C. collecting D. to have collected 4.Will you please tell me the way you thought of _ the cold. A. get

24、 rid of B. to get rid of C. getting rid of D. got rid of 5.The war and the suffering _ caused affected him greatly. A. where B. it C. which D. what 6. He was nearly drowned once. -When was _. -_ was in 1988 _ he was in middle school. A. that; It; when B. This; This; When C. this; It; that D. that; I

25、t; that 7.The day we had been looking forward to _ at last. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. come B. came C. coming D. arriving 8.It was in the lab _ was taken charge of by Professor Zhang _ they did the experiment. A. where; that B. which; where C. that; where D. which; th

26、at 9.The more ways we have _ at a problem, the more likely it is that we can find a solution. A. looked B. of looking C. look D. seeing 答案 ：1A.解析：此题结构比较复杂, 语言基础较差的同学可能无法理清句子结构；正确的句子结构分析是这样的：they would like to see the next year 是修饰名词 the plan 的定语从句,而在这个定语从句中,省略了作动词 see 的宾语的关系代词 that（指代 the plan ）,所以定

27、语从句的原来面目便是 they would like to see the plan_the next year . 明显,其中的 the plan 与横线处的 carry out 有被动关系,故应填过去分词 carried out.2D.3C解析 句子的次序有所转变 考察的是 have diifficulty in 可以省略 doing sth 4B 解析： work out 表示解决问题, you thought of 为 定语从句 the way to do . 的方法5B（认真摸索一下为何不选 which. ）6A,7B,8D,9B. 解析：we have 是修饰 way 的定语从句, 考察的是 the way of doing sth ；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 9 页