2022年高中英语语法权威解析一---名词性从句 .pdf

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1、渝东南家教中心专用资料在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses ） 。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组 , 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一 主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1. It 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而 it 引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都

2、可用连词 that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：a) It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。b) It doesn t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型）d) It is John that broke the window. 是 John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）2. 用 it 作形式主语的结

3、构(1) It is 名词 从句It is a fact that 事实是It is an honor that 非常荣幸It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句It is natural that很自然It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词 从句It seems that 似乎It happened that 碰巧It appears that 似乎(4) It 过去分词 从句It is reported that据报道It has been proved that 已证实It is said tha

4、t据说3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said /reported 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达： That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达： It occurred to him that he failed

5、 in the examination. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页渝东南家教中心专用资料错误表达： That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达： Whether he is wrong or not doesn t matter. （5）含主语从

6、句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 错误表达： Is that will rain in the evening likely? 4. what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而 that 则不然。例如：a) What you said yesterday is right. b) That she is still alive is a consolation 二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词

7、性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词) 或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语(1) 由 that引导的宾语从句 (that 通常可以省略 ), 例如：I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。(2) 由 what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。(3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：She told me tha

8、t she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。2. 作介词的宾语，例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。3. 作形容词的宾语，例如：I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意： that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, gla

9、d, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的 that 从句的看作原因状语从句。4. it 可以作为形式宾语精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页渝东南家教中心专用资料it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：We heard it that s

10、he would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。5. 后边不能直接跟 that 从句的动词这类动词有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用 that 引导的宾语从句。如：正确表达： I admire their winning the match. 错误表达： I admire that they won the match. 6.

11、不可用 that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语 that从句 “结构中，常见的有 envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：正确表达： He impressed the manager as an honest man. 错误表达： He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. 7. 否定的转移若主句谓语动词为 think, consider, suppose, believe, e

12、xpect, fancy, guess, imagine 等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。三. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后， 一般结构是 “主语连系动词表语从句” 。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的 that 常可省略。另外，常用的还有 the reason is that 和 It is because 等结构。例如：1) The questi

13、on is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2) This is why we cant get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 四. 同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对

14、于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that 引导，例如：1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页渝东南家教中心专用资料2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是

15、被别的词隔开。 例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的 that 既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分 （主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that 是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用， 不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abro

16、ad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。） （第一个 that 引导的从句是定语从句， that 在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. （汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。 ） （同位语从句， that在句中不作任何成分）名词性从句专项练习1_he does has nothing to do with me. A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If 2. The manager came over and asked the customer how_

17、 A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about 3. Energy is _makes thing work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that 4. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A.

18、while B. that C. when D. as 5. This is _the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. A. there B. in which C. where D. when 6. They have no idea at all_. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patients fear _he would die of th

19、e disease.A. that B. which C. of which D. of that 8. The order came _the soldiers _the small village the next morning. A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave C. /; must leave D. when; should leave 9. _is no possibility _Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; that C. the

20、re; whether D. It; whether 10. The question came up at the meeting_ we had enough money for our 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页渝东南家教中心专用资料research. A. that B. which C. whether D. if 11. Is _he said really true? A. that B. what C. why D. whether 12._the meeting should last tw

21、o day s or three days doesnt matter.A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where 13. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning gray. A. while B. if C. that D. for 14. ?_more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen. A. Whether B. This C. who D. If 15._he will go to work in a mountain

22、village surprises all of us. A. What B. That C. Whether D. If 16. _you dont like him is none of my business.A. What B. That C. Who D. How 17._all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded. A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what 18. _appeared to me that he enjoyed the fo

23、od very much. A. What B. It C. All that D. That 19. It is widely _that smoking can cause cancer. A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped 20. _caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where Keys: 15 ABABC 610 AABAC 1115 BBCAB 1620 BCBAA 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页