2022年第六章-数词和量词.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载第六章 数词和量词6.1 基数词6.1.1 基数词构成法1）基数词（ cardinal numbers 由这些基数词构成：）只表示目的的词；下面是最基本的基数词,其他数目都是1 2 3 4 1one 11eleven 20twenty 100 2two 12twelve A hundred 3three 13thirteen 30thirty 1,000 4four 14fourteen 40forty A thousand 5five 15fifteen 50fifty 1,000,000 6six 16sixteen 6

2、0sixty A million 7seven 17severnteen 70seventy 1,000,000,000 8eight 18eighteen 80eighty A billion 9nine 19nineteen 90ninety 10ten 2 基数词构成法：除了上表列出的词外,其他基数词构成的方法如下：a.21-99: 先说“ 几十”,再说“ 几” ,中间要加连字号：39 thirty-nine b.101-999 ：先说“ 几百”,再加 and,再加末尾两位数或末位数：375 three hundred and seventy-five c. 1000 以上的词：先从后往

3、前数,每三位加一个逗号,用这个方法把数目分作如干段,再一段段念 ; 第一个逗号前的数为 thousand ,其次个逗号前的数为 million,第三个逗号前面的数为billion,例如：4,007 four thousand and seven 13,849 thirteen thousand, eight hundred and forty-nine 54,256,000 fifty-four million, two hundred and fifty-six thousand 14,800,000,000 fourteen billion eight hundred million 2,

4、000,000,000 two trillion 两万亿在这类词中, hundred ,thousand ,million, billion6.1.2 基数词在句中的作用1）基数词在句中主要用作：a. 定语：b. 主语：c. 宾语或介词宾语：d. 表语：e. 同位语：f. 状语：I hate riding two on a bike. 等词都用单数形式；名师归纳总结 2 基数词仍可以用于复数形式,表示很大的数量：hundreds of 第 1 页,共 6 页They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两地来了；3 某些基数词的复数形式可以用在“in the（one

5、s） - ” 结构中,表示：- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载a. 年岁： in his fifties b. 岁月： in the 1970s 4 一些数学公式的读法如下：+ plus _minus Times Divided by More than Less than Approximately equals Be not equal to 6.2 序数词 6.2.1 序数词表示法1）序数词（ ordinal numerals 下：First eleventh ）是表示数目次序的,和最基础的基数词相对应得序数词如Second

6、twelfth twentieth Third thirteenth thirtieth Fourth fourteenth fortieth Fifth fifteenth fiftieth Sixth sixteenth sixtieth Seventh seventeenth seventieth Eighth eighteenth eightieth Ninth nineteenth ninetieth Tenth a.除第一, 其次, 第三之外, 其他序数词都以在基数词后加词尾th 构成, 其中有些词 （见上表中的黑体部分）在拼法上有少许变化,如：Fifth b. 两位数的词,只需把

7、个位数变为序数词：Twenty-second c.三位以上的词,只把最终的两位数变为序数词：nd,3 rd,20th ,21st 等；One hundred and fiftieth 此外, first,second 等词常缩写为1st ,26.2.2 序数词在句中的作用 1）序数词在句中可用作：a. 定语（多和 the 或物主代词一道用） ：b. 表语：c. 主语：d. 宾语或介词宾语：e. 同位语 who is that man, the first in the front row. f. 状语 when did you first meet him. 2 序数词的一些其他用法：A序数词

8、仍可以和a 连用,表示“ 在一个”、“ 又一次” 等：B表示日期：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载C用在很多短语中：third-rate first-place second-class second-hand 3 用基数词表示次序的方法：在很多情形下我们可以用基数词表示次序：第 章、部分、节编号的东西,常防止用序数词,读法也简洁化：第 705 号房间 room 705 4）下面数字的读法：A电话号码的读法：279 1034 B年份读法 2000 the year two thousand 20

9、04 two thousand and four C日期读法：July 22nd July the twenty-second 或 the twenty-second of july D时刻读法：08:00 eight oclock 或 eight 09:15 nine fifteen 或 a quarter past nine（美） after nine 或 a quarter to six （美： of six）05:45 five forty-five 6.3 倍数和分数 6.3.1 倍数 表示倍数的方法有多种,如：1 Three threes are nine. 2 Three tim

10、es three is nine. 3 This room is three times as large as that one. 4 This room is three times larger than that one. 表示三以上的倍数用 times ,但表示两倍（汉语只能够的一倍实际上是两倍）时 就用 twice, 如：5）Twice three is six；6）This room is twice as large as that one. 表示倍数也可用again , double ,triple,quadruple ,fold等词7）My uncle is as old

11、again as I am. 8 The top-brand cigarettes are often sold at double the normal price here. 9 Human, China s leading live pig -exporting province, expects to export 420000lean-meat pigs, quadruple the figure for 1985. since 1939. 10 The value of the house has increased fourfold 表示增加多少倍可用百分比,如：Populati

12、on has increased by 200%in the past 25 years. This shows a 300%increase over the previous year. 如有“ 增加” 用 times 与 fold ,就须留意英语要多说一倍,如说“ 增加了三倍”,就须用,如 four times 或 fourfold Output of coal increased four times（或 fourfold）Output of coal was four times as great as that of last year. 6.3.2 分数词 1）分数词构成法：分数

13、词（ fractional numerals）由基数词和序数词构成,基数词代表分子,序数词代表分名师归纳总结 母；除了分子为1 的情形下,序数词都要用复数形式：第 3 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 14 One-fourth 5学习好资料欢迎下载9 five-ninths 3 25 three and two-fifths 此外仍有下面表示法：2 1 4 Two and a quarter 比较复杂的分数读法如下：239 Twenty-three over nine 76 2）分数在句中的作用：分数在句中可用作：A 主语：B 宾语或介

14、词宾语：C 表语或同位语：D 定语：92 seventy-six over ninety-two E 状语： China is one-sixth larger than the United States. 6.3.3 小数的读法和用法 1）小数的读法如下：6.4 - six point four 2）小数主要用作定语：6.4 times 6.3.4 百分数的用法（美 percent ）表示,可以在句中作：百分数由 per cent 1） 主语： Ten percent of pupils are absent today. 2） 宾语或介词宾语：The bank charges inter

15、est at 12 percent. 3） 定语： I paid him four percent interest. 4） 状语： I think its ninety percent probable. 偶作表语： 12 is 1 percent of 1,200. 6.4 量词 6.4.1 量词范畴 量词（ quantifiers）不是一种词类,而是血多与量词有关的词和短语,它们包含：1） 很多与数量有关的代词和限定词,如some,any,much,any 等；2） 各种数词,如 two ,half ,a third,80%等；3） 名词和 of 构成的表数量的短语,如 a lot of

16、, plenty of 等；4） 某些与数量有关的形容词,如 enough,whole ,half 等；5） 某些与数量有关的名词,如feet ,miles ,years ,dozen 等；6） 某些与数量有关的合成词,如 a five-dollar bill, a 6-page summary等；7） 某些与数量有关的的全部格,如two months stay ,four weeks notice等；下面将简要地加以处理；6.4.2 与数量有关的代词和限定词 1）有很多作定语的代词和限定词,特殊是不定代词和相关限定词,可用来表示数量：How much rent do you pay. Few

17、 words are best. Many hands make light work. This might sever several purposes. 2 这类代词也可作主语、宾语等,表示数量：a. 主语：b. 宾语或介词宾语：名师归纳总结 有关这类词,详见5.6.5-5.7.7 第 4 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载6.4.3 由“ 名词 +of ” 构成的量词 1）这类量词为数很多,他们都加在所修饰词前面：有些这类名词可用复数形式,强调数量之多：Numbers of people quantities

18、of rain tons of letters Lots of food heaps of money. masses of people 2 有些这类词表示“ 少量的”： a bit of shopping. a pinch of salt a touch of cold a dash of vinegar a spot of tea. a shred of evidence a grain of truth a trace of jealousy a speck of truth a drop of brandy 3 有些这类量词与外形有关：a ball of string. a stic

19、k of toffee a ring of bodyguards a strip of sticky tape a shaft of sunlight a bunch of flowers a thread of light a tuft of hair. a wall of fire a gush of blood aloud gust of laughter a jet of water a ray of hope. a mountain of dirty clothes Clouds of smoke Streams of people a torrent of abuse. a sho

20、wer of stones 4 仍有不少量词表示一群人（a）或动物（ b）：a. a group of students a team of scientists a host of students. a gang of workers a bunch of idiots a company of travelers a troupe of acrobat a strange collection of people swarms of photographers. a pack of angry shoppers b. a flock of sheep a herd of deer. a

21、pack of hounds a pride of lions a swarm of locusts schools of fish. a flight of ducks a cloud of mosquitoes 5 仍有很多这类量词与容器有关：A bottle of beer a box of chocolate A can of soup a bowl of rice A cup of tea a basket of fruit A bucket of water a sack of corn A bag of toffees a crate of bananas A glass of

22、fruit juice a mug of milk A packet of cigarettes a pot of jam A spoon of sugar a tube of toothpaste A barrel of oil a carton of yoghurt A jar of marmalade a pack of gum A plate of beer a package of detergent 有些名词后可加冠词尾-ful来表示数量：A spoonful of vinegar a basketful of peaches A handful of raisins a mout

23、hful of food An armful of flowers a houseful of guests A busful of children a roomful of antiques 6.4.4 一些与数量有关的词 1）一些与数量有关的形容词：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载有不少形容词与数量无关：long , tall., wide, deep, broad, thick, high 2 一些与数量有关的名词：a. 有很多单位名称常常和数词连用表示数量：kilos, digress

24、, pound, cupful b. 也有些名词和in 连用,表示数量：in depth, in height, in area, in weight 3 也有一些表示数量的：a. 合成词：a ten-dollar bill 十美元的钞票 a two-page summary 两页的提纲a 5-storyed house 五层楼的房子 4 per cent interest 百分之四的利息per-mu yield 亩产量 per capita wage 人均工资a 44-hour week 每周工作 44 小时 a four fold increase 四倍的增长b. 名词全部格：名师归纳总结 a weeks wage 一周的工资two weeks notice提前两周通知第 6 页,共 6 页a day s journey 一天的路程ten years experience十年的体会an hour s drive开车一小时six months leave.六个月的假期- - - - - - -