小学英语语法入门基础.doc
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1、#+小学英语语法入门(一)接数字要大写首字母的单词有些单词接数字时必须大写首字母,并且数字的首字母也要大写,这样的单词有lesson、grade、class、team、row、number等。如LessonOne第一课,ClassTwo,GradeThree三年级二班,TeamFour第四组,NumberFive第五号。但是它们不接数字时不大写首字母。Be动词的一般用法be动词包括am、is、are, 其用法如下:1.am只用于I的后面,如:Iamagirl. Iamten.2.is只用于she/he/it或其他单数第三人称后面,如:Itisabigapple.Agirlisinabus.(a
2、girl一个女孩,单独一个人是单数第三人称)MikeisinTeamThree.(Mike一个人名是单数第三人称)Anappleisinabox.(anapple一个苹果,一个东西是单数第三人称)Abookisinadesk.(abook一本书,也是单数第三人称)3.are只用于you、we、they或复数人称后面。如:YouareNumberThirteen.TheyareinGradeNine.Weareathome.Mikeandagirlareinabus.(Mike和一个女孩指的是两个人,是复数人称)SixboysareinTeamSix.(Sixboys六个男孩,多于两个人也是复数
3、人称)Abookandaboxareonadesk.(Abookandabox一本书和一个盒子,两个物是复数人称)Threepencilsareinthepencil-box.(Threepencils三支铅笔,多于两个物也是复数人称)如何变一般疑问句(一)1.提前原句中的be动词is、are,Be动词首字母要大写,原句首字母恢复小写,照抄剩余部分,然后加问号。举例如下: TomisinGradeOne.IsTominGradeOne?Yes,heis./No,heisnt.ThisisaneggIsthisanegg?Yes,itis./No,itisnt.(anegg是物,所以用it来回答
4、)ThatisRoseIsthatRose?Yes,sheis./No,sheisnt.(Rose是女孩,所以用she回答) ThisisTomIsthisTom?Yes,heis./No,heisnt.(Tom是男孩,所以用he回答) TheyareinClassNine.AretheyinClassNine?Yes,theyare./No,theyarent. Acatandadogareonthefloor.Areacatandadogonthefloor?Yes,theyare./No,theyarent. Manybirdsareflyinginthesky.Aremanybirds
5、flyinginthesky?Yes,theyare./No,theyarent.2.提前情态动词can,举例如下: Shecanspellclock.Canshespellclock?Yes,shecan./No,shecant. Maxcansaythenumbers.CanMaxsaythenumbers?Yes,hecan./No,hecant. TheycanspeakverygoodEnglish.CantheyspeakverygoodEnglish?Yes,theycan./No,theycant.如何变一般疑问句(二)变一般疑问句,所涉及的所有第一人称都要改成第二人称(特殊除
6、外)。即:I(me)you,we(us)you,am are,my your,mine yours.1.IamNumberSix.AreyouNumberSix?Yes,Iam./No,Imnot.2.WeareinTeamFour.AreyouinTeamFour?Yes,weare./No,wearent.3.Thisismy classroom.Isthisyour lassroom?Yes,itis./No,itisnt.练习:变一般疑问句1.Weareinthesamegrade.2.IaminClassSix.3.Thatismysister.练习:变一般疑问句并作两种回答1.Ev
7、eisinabus.2.Thisisanorange.3.ThatisMrsZhang.4.ThisisMrHu.5.Katecanrideabike.6.Tomandagirlareintheclassroom.7.TheyareJapanese.8.LucyandLilycanspeakChinese.如何变一般疑问句(三)一、如果句中谓语动词是have/hasgot,则提前have/has。(注意:有some要改成any,有第一人称要改成第二人称,有第二人称要改成第一人称。)1.Ivegotaknife.Haveyougotaknife?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavent.2.T
8、omsgotsomegoodfriends.HasTomgotany goodfriends?Yes,hehas./No,hehasnt.练习一:将下列句子变一般疑问句并作两种回答。1.SimonsgotsomepostcardsfromMexico.2.Laurasgotaviolin.3.Ivegotapiano.4.Shesgotaknifeandforkandchopsticks.二、如果句中谓语动词是动词原形,则在句首加do;如果句中谓语动词是第三人称单数,则在句首加does,原动词第三人称单数恢复原形;如果句中谓语动词是过去式,则在句首加did,原动词过去式恢复原形。1.Iofte
9、nsingsongsonFlagDay.DoyouoftensingsongsonFlagDay?Yes,Ido./No,Idont.2.KatealwayshasEasterEggsonEaster.DoesKatealwayshaveEasterEggsonEaster?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt.3.WeatezongzilastDragonBoatFestival.DidyoueatzongzilastDragonBoatFestival?Yes,wedid./No,wedidnt.4.Imeatingdeliciousmooncakesnow.Areyouea
10、tingdeliciousmooncakesnow?Yes,Iam./No,Imnot.5.FatherChristmasoftengivesyoupresentsonChristmas.DoesFatherChristmasoftengiveuspresentsonChristmas?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesnt.练习二:将下列句子变一般疑问句并作两种回答。1.Isometimesgetupat6:00.2.RoseneverdancesonHalloween.3.TheywatchedabigfootballgamelastThanksgiving.4.TomandMik
11、eareswimminginthelake.5.SantaClausalwaysgivesyoupresentsonChristmas.变特殊疑问句一般分三步:第一步:根据划线部分确定疑问词。第二步:将原句变成一般疑问句。第三步:去掉划线部分,并加问号。三步当中以第一步最难确定,现总结如下:如何变特殊疑问句(一)1.对姓名提问用What,例如 HisnameisMax.Whats/Whatishisname? HernameisRose.Whats/Whatishername?2.对物提问用What,例如 Itisabanana.Whats/Whatisit? Thisisapear.What
12、s/Whatisthis? Thatisachick.Whats/Whatisthat?3.对年级提问用Whatgrade,例如 TomisinGradeSix.WhatgradeisTomin? SheisinGradeNine.Whatgradeisshein?练习:变特殊疑问句1.Thatisabag.2.HisnameisSam.3.Thisisablackboard.4.AmyisinGradeEight.5.HeisinGradeSeven.如何变特殊疑问句(二)1.对班级提问用Whatclass TomisinClassOne,GradeTwo.WhatclassisTomin?
13、 IaminClassSix,GradeThree.Whatclassareyouin? WeareinClassFour,GradeSix.Whatclassareyouin?2.对组、队提问用Whatteam IaminTeamNine.Whatteamareyouin? WeareinTeamTen.Whatteamareyouin? LinglingisinTeamEleven.WhatteamisLinglingin?练习:变特殊疑问句1.DamingisinTeamTwelve.2.IminClassSix,GradeNine.3.WeareinTeamFive.选择疑问句选择疑问
14、句是由一般疑问句+or+其他构成的供选择的句子。1. Isthisapenorapencil?Itsapen.2.AreyouEnglishorAmerican?ImanAmerican.(注意:1,择疑问句or前面的单词要读声调,or后面的要读降调。2,择疑问句不能用yes或no回答,只能在or前后选择。)练习:将下列句子与所给成分合并为选择疑问句并适当回答1.AreyouinClassOne?(ClassTwo)2.CanyouspeakChinese?(Japanese)3.Doyoulikeplayingbasketball?(football)4.Wouldyoulikesomemi
15、lk?(somejuice)5.IsheTom?(Sam)如何变特殊疑问句(三)1.对人提问用Who,对人名提问用what(一句话中有单词name,并在name下划线,疑问词就要用What;如果没有单词name,并在人名下划线,疑问词就要用Who。) SheisKate.Whoisshe?HernameisKate.Whatishername? ThisboyisJim.Whoisthisboy?HisnameisJim.Whatishisname?ThatwomanisMsSmart.Whoisthatwoman?HernameisMsSmart.Whatishername?2.对年龄提问用
16、Howold.Sheisnine.Howoldisshe?.Eveisten.HowoldisEve?3.对排、行提问用Whatrow.MikeisinRowNine.WhatrowisMikein?.HeisinRowFive.Whatrowishein?.IminRowFour.Whatrowareyouin?4.对地点提问用Where.Mikeisonthehill.WhereisMike?.Thecatisinthebox.Whereisthecat?.Apearisonthechair.Whereisthepear?(上句出现a,下句用the特指)练习:变特殊疑问句1.Coyisin
17、abus.2.LauraisinRowFive.3.Roseistwelve.4.ThegirlisLucy.5.Iamatschool.6.ThatmanisMrHu.7.Imtwenty.8.Awomanisintheroom.9.HernameisLucy.10.IamMrWang.如何变特殊疑问句(四)一.对长度提问用Howlong1.TheGreatWallisthousandsofkilometers.HowlongistheGreatWall?2.TheChangjiangRiverisabouttwelvethousandLilong.HowlongistheChangjian
18、gRiver?二.对人口数量提问用Howbigis+地名?1.Beijinghasgotabout14millionpeople.HowbigisBeijing?2.NewYorkhasgot8millionpeople.HowbigisNewYork?练习:1.TheYellowRiverisabout5thousand4hundredkilometerslong.2.Shanghaihasgotabout17millionpeople.3.Heilongjiangisaboutfourthousandthreehundredkilometerslong.4.SanFranciscohasg
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