小学英语阅读理解4A-教师版.pdf

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1、1 / 13判断正误题判断正误题重点考察甄别选项与原文信息是否符合的能力。题型特征：Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? Which of the following statements is NOT true? Which of the following is NOT considered as ? According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasons for ?做题方法：排除+还原法判断正误题

2、常见的问法是以下哪种说法是正确或不正确的。做这类题的一般方法是先要找出题干或是选项中的关键字，一般为数字、大写或人名地名，再通过scanning 快速确定该细节在文中的出处(信息源 )，仔细对照题干要求，排除或选择。命题者在出这类题时惯用“ 偷梁换柱、张冠李戴” 的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置， 把 A 的观点说成B 的观点等。 所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。注：是非判断一般都遵循对照选项进行“ 三对一错或三错一对” 的判断。若该信息句是长句或难句，要学会找出其主干部分，分析句子结构，正确理解信息句的意义。一定要注意的是，要所答是所问，不要

3、受到惯势思维的影响，习惯性地去选择正确的细节事实，切记要弄清问题，不要所答非所问干扰项特点：1. 以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。我要赶快学阅读理解之判断正误题2 / 132. 断章取义。 干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。3. 主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。4. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A 的特征放在B 的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。5. 无中生有或似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类

4、干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。解题技巧：1. 做这种题的时候先要逐步判断出每个选项的说法是否正确，如果该选项的说法正确，那么就在该选项的后面划对勾；如果该选项的说法不正确，那么就在该选项后面画叉，然后再看题目要求选的是正确的还是不正确的。 这样做的主要原因是很多学生在看完题读选项时会出现思维混乱，导致忘记题目要求选的是正确的还是不正确的。2. 一般情况下， 语义绝对的句子是不正确的，常见标志词为： never, every, none, all, must, have to 等， 但是需要注意的是not everyone, not all ， 它们表示的是不完全否定，因此含义不绝对。还有精

5、确化的数字也要特别留意，因为一般情况下文中会含有almost, nearly 之类表示 “ 大概、大约 ” 的词汇，但是选项中会去掉，所以这类选项一般也是不正确的。3. 一般情况下，带有may, maybe, probably 等表示不确定含义的词汇是正确选项。4. 负面的、不符合积极精神、和谐社会的说法是不正确的。做题忌讳：脱离文章，单凭印象Example 1In America, when people say man s best friend , they don t mean another person. Instead, they are talking about a love

6、ly animal a dog! These words show the friendship between people and animals. Dogs and other pets can give joy to people s lives. Some people even leave all their money to their pets when they die!Animals can help people, too. You can teach dogs to be the eyes for blind (失明的 ) people or ears for deaf

7、 (聋的 ) people. Scientists have found that pets help people live longer! They make people happier, too. Because of that, they bring animals into hospitals for visits.Americans have Be Kind to Animals Week in the first week of May. There are many pet shows during the week. Even if you don t live in Am

8、erica, you can also show your love to animals. How? First think about how 3 / 13animals make your life richer ( 更丰富 ). If you have a pet, take more time this week to play with it. Remember to give it nice food. If you don t have a pet, be kind to animals around you. For example, if you see a street

9、dog, don t kick it. Just leave it alone, or make friends with it. If others around you do bad things to animals, try to stop them. As people, we must protect ( 保护 ) animals because they can t speak for themselves. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Dogs can help people in many ways. B. Dogs can

10、help people live happier. C. Dogs can help people make everything. D. Dogs can make people s lives richer.Example 2Most people want to work, but it has become more difficult in today s world to find work for everybody. The economy （经济） of the world needs to grow by 4% each year just to keep the old

11、number of jobs for people. Often this is not possible, and so more people are out of work. Some people have no jobs now because new machines can do the work of many people in a short time. Also, machines are taking work from people, not only in factories, but also on the farms. One machine can often

12、 do the work of forty people. About 75000 people are moving to the cities a day to look for jobs, but only 70% of them can find jobs. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Machines are taking work instead of people. B. Now more people are out of work. C. Machines need more money and longer holidays

13、. D. Most people want to have jobs. Example 3When an earthquake hit a small town ，many houses fell down. After the earthquake ，all the newspapers reported many stories about some of the families who were in trouble. One Sunday， when I was reading a newspaper， a special picture touched （触动）me. It gav

14、e the clothing sizes of each family member. I thought that this would be a good chance to teach my children to help those who were less lucky than themselves. I said to my seven-year-old twins ，Brad and Brett ，and three-year-old Meghan. We have so much，and these poor people now have nothing. Well sh

15、are what we have with them.”I filled a box with foods and clothes. While I was doing this， I encouraged the boys to choose their toys and donate some of their less favorite things. Meghan watched quietly as the boys took out their old toys and games 4 / 13and put them together. Then she walked away.

16、 A few minutes later she came back with Lucy ， her much-loved doll. She put the doll on top of the other toys. Oh ， dear， ” I said. “ You dont have to give Lucy. You love her so much.，Meghan said，“ Lucy makes me happy ，Mommy. Maybe shell make another little girl happy，too. ”I looked at Meghan for a

17、long moment. She taught me a lesson. Its easy to give something that we dont want any more， but harder to give what we cherish （珍爱）， isnt? Which of the following is true? A. An earthquake happened in the writers hometown. B. The writer didnt let Meghan give her much-loved doll. C. The writer decided

18、 to buy some clothes for those people in trouble. D. The writer thinks it is more difficult to give what we love a lot. Example 4Reading newspapers has become an important part of our life. Many people begin their day by reading the papers. In this way they learn what is going on in the world. Somet

19、imes, however, they do not have time to read the news carefully, so they just have time only to look at the headlines（标题） . There are newspapers to meet the needs of every reader. In big cities there are many kinds of papers. In small towns there are fewer newspapers. In some places the paper is pub

20、lished（出版） once a week. Today, as a group, English language newspapers enjoy the largest number of readers. With the development（发展） of the world, some new newspapers will be published in the years to come. Which of the following is right? A. There are different kinks of newspapers to meet people s

21、needs.B. There are more papers in small towns than in big cities. C. In some places papers are published every two weeks. D. The most important news is not on the front page. Example 5For most people, the word “ fashion” means “ clothes” . But people may ask the question, “ What clothes are in fashi

22、on?” And they use the adjective（形容词） ” fashionable ” in the same way: “ She was wearing a fashionable coat.” “ His shirt was really a fashionable colour.”But of course there are fashions in many things, not only in clothes. There are fashions in holidays, in restaurants, in films and books. There ar

23、e even fashions in school subjects, job and in languages.Fashions change as time goes. If you look at pictures of people or things from the past, you will see that fashions have always changed. An English house of 1750 was different from one of 1650. A fashionable man in 1780 looked very different f

24、rom his grandson in 1860. 5 / 13Today fashions change very quickly. Some of this is natural （自然的） . We hear about things much more quickly than in the past. Newspapers, radios, telephones and television send information from one country to another in a few hours. New fashions mean that people will b

25、uy new things, so you see there is money in fashion. Which one is NOT right in the following statements? A. In the modern times, fashions change very quickly. B. As time goes, fashions can be different from what they are now. C. The word “ fashion” doesn t only mean “ clothes”.D. Fashions are many t

26、hings, but there aren t any ones in school subject.Example 6Mr. Jackson is a farmer and he lives in a small village. It was the last day of June. He drove to the town to buy some new clothes for his wife and his children. He got there after twenty minutes. It was Sunday, and the street was full of p

27、eople. He couldn t find a place to park his car. At last he noticed there was no car in front of a building. He parked it there at once and went shopping. Two hours later the farmer went back to his car with many things in his hands. To his surprise, he saw a policeman standing by his car. “ Do you

28、know you can t park here, sir?” asked the policeman.“ I m sorry I don t. ” Answered Mr. Jackson.“ Look at the sign, please.” The policeman said seriously.“ Doesn t it say Fine for parking ? So I parked it here!”Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. That was a place for parking.

29、 B. Mr. Jackson didn t see the sign.C. Mr. Jackson may park his car there. D. Mr. Jackson couldn t park his car there. 真题训练6 / 13Exercise 1 阅读理解：根据短文内容选择正确答案。（215=30 分） (2011 年) （C）It s Sunday morning. The students of Class 3 are giving their classroom a good cleaning. Miss Huang, their teacher, is

30、working with them. The children are busy. Some are carrying water; some are cleaning the windows; others are sweeping the floor. Zhang Hua is putting up a map on the wall. It is a map of China. Wang Fei and Wei Qing are mending some broken chairs. The children are listening to the radio while they a

31、re working. The classroom looks nice and bright after the cleaning. The children are very happy. They go home for lunch at noon. 根据短文内容判断正（T）误（ F）（ ） 1.The children are playing in their classroom on Sunday morning. （ ） 2.Miss Huang, their mother, is working with them. （ ） 3.There is a map of China o

32、n the wall. （ ） 4.Two of them are repairing the broken chairs. （ ） 5.They are singing while they are working. Keys: FFTTF Exercise 2 阅读短文，判断对错，对的写T，错的写F。（占 5 分）（ 2008 年大联盟）There are many people in the bus. Some have seals, but some have to stand. At a bus stop, a woman gels on the bus. An old man he

33、ars the door and tries to stand up. “ Oh, no thank you”, the woman forces（强迫） him back to the seat.“ Please don t do that. I can stand.”“ But ，madam. Let me , ” says the map.“ I ask you to keep your seat.”the woman says, She puts her hands on the old man s shoulder. But the man still tries to stand

34、up, “ Mad am, will you please let me？”“ Oh, no,” says the woman. She again forces the man back. At last the old man shouts（大声喊）， “I want to get off the bus.”（）1、Ali the people have seats in the bus. （）2、An old man gets on the bus at a bus stop. （）3、The old man wants to give his seat to the woman. （）

35、4、The woman sits the old mans seat.（）5、The old man wants to get off the bus. 7 / 13Keys: 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. F Exercise 3 读句子，判断句子意思是否合理，如合理的请在括号内写“T” ，否则写 “F” （占 5 分）（ 2008 年大联盟）（）1、Leopard runs fastest in the world. （）2、Thomas Edison was an American scientist. （）3、The Spring Festival is the mos

36、t important festival in China. （）4、The Olympics will be held in Beijing in 2008. （）5、The capital of Australia is Sydney. Keys: 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T 拓展训练Exercise 1This is a true story. It happened to a friend of mine a year ago. While my friend , Peter , was reading in bed , two thieves ( 贼) clim

37、bed into another room . It was very dark, so they turned on the light .Suddenly they heard a voice behind them. “ What s up? ” “ What s up? ” someone called.The thieves turned off the light and ran away as quickly as they could. Peter heard the noise and came downstairs quickly. He turned on the lig

38、ht, but he couldnt see anyone .The thieves were already gone. But Peter s parrot, Henry, was still there.“ What s up, Peter?” He called.“ Nothing, Henry,” Peter said and smiled, “ go back to sleep.”Which is not true? A. It s a true story B. It happened two years ago. C. Peter was my friend. D. The t

39、hieves ran away with nothing. Exercise 2 A man went to see his doctor one day, because he was suffering from pains in his stomach. After the doctor had examined him carefully, he said to him, “ Well, there s nothing really wro ng with you, I m glad to say. Your only trouble is that you worry too muc

40、h. Do you know, I had a man with the same trouble as you here a few weeks ago, 8 / 13and I gave him the same advice as I am going to give you. He was worried because he couldn t pay his tailor s bills. I told him not to worry about the bills any more. He took my advice and when he came to see me aga

41、in two days ago, he told me that he now felt quite all right again. ” “ Yes, I know all about that,” answered the patient sadly. “ You see, I m that man s tailor!”根据以上短文内容判断正误，正确的用“T” 表示，错误的用“F” 表示。1. The tailor went to see his doctor because he has got a headache. 2. There is nothing serious with t

42、he tailor. 3. A man with the same trouble as the tailor a few days ago. 4. The doctor gave the man and the tailor the same advice. 5. The tailor was worried because a man couldn t pay his bills. Keys: FTFTT Exercise 3 Man has a big brain(大脑 ). He can think, learn and speak. Scientists one thought th

43、at men are different from animals because they can think and learn. They know now that dogs, cats and birds can learn too. They are beginning to understand that. They make noises when they are afraid, or angry or unhappy. Apes( 猿 ) can understand some things more quickly than human, one or two of th

44、em have learnt a few words. But they can not join words to make sentences. They can not think like us because they have no language. Language is a wonderful thing. Man has been able to build a modern world because he has language. Every child can speak his own language very well when he is four or f

45、ive, but no animal learns to speak. How do children learn it ? Scientists do not really know. What happens inside our body when we speak? They do not know. They only know that man can speak because he has a brain. Which of the following is NOT true ? A. Some animals can learn. B. Apes can understand

46、 some things more quickly than men. C. Apes can put the words they know together. D. Apes have no language though they can learn some words. 我学了什么9 / 131. 什么是阅读中的判断正误题？举例说明。2. 判断正误题与那些方法？举例说明。3.今天阅读中的词汇你学到了哪些？说给老师听。Exercise 4 Of all the things we eat and drink, water is the most important. Not many

47、people realize this but it is quite true. The Human( 人类 ) body goes without food for a long time, but two or three days without water usually results in death. Many people do not understand how much water the human body needs to work properly and many people do not drink enough, especially in hot we

48、ather. Most people drink when they are thirsty, but we often need more water, especially if we have been taking exercises. A man s body is 65 to 75 percent of water. Most people need about five to seven litres of water every day, but we do not need to drink this amount(数量 ) because a lot comes from

49、the food we eat. Or we do not have enough water, we feel thirsty and may become ill. Do you know what the best drink is ? Yes, cold water. Which of the following is true ? A. No one knows water is the most important thing to human life. B. It s quite true that water is very important to human life.

50、C. It s dangerous to drink plenty of water when we are thirsty.D. People should stop drinking water in order to keep healthy. Exercise 5 Thousands of people start their day at Laughter Club around the world-and many doctors now think that a good laugh might be the best way to stay healthy. The first