2022年高三英语第一轮复习教案语法一 .pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载定语从句定义I. 定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who 人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和 that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但 介 词 提 前时 后 面 关 系代 词 不 能 省略，也不可以用 that whom 人宾语Mr. Smith is the person wi

2、th whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whose 人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate. that 人，物主语宾语A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物主语宾语The book (whic

3、h) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人，物主语宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as 做宾语一般不省略关系when 时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结

4、- - - - - - -第 1 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载副词where 地点地点状语This is the house where I was born. 可用 in which why 原因原因状语I can t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which . as与 which 的区别：定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such 和 the same修饰时，关系代词用 as,不能用 which He is not such a fool as he looks. Don t read such bo

5、oks as you can t understand. 非限制性定语从句中as 和 which 都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有 “ 正如，象 ” 的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而 which 引导的从句只能放主句后，并无 “ 正如 ” 的意思。They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn t expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s. . 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：类别

6、语法意义及特征例句限 制 性 定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确， 这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。The accident happened at the time when I left. 非 限 制 性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that 引导， 关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago. 一、考点聚焦1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语精选学习资料 -

7、- - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和 no 与-boy, -thing 的合成词； 或all、 none、any、some、that、those 等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：先行

8、词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting. 关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places we can visit（them）in China. 4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词： who, whom, which, that, whose, as 。关系副词： when, where, why。 that 偶尔也作关系副词。5、确定关系词的步骤（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成

9、分。6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that 而不用 which （1）先行词被形容词最高级序数词数词几种词修饰或被 only、any、few、little 、no、 all、one of 等修饰时。（2）先行词为all、much、little 、none、 few、 one、something、anything 等不定代词时。（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus. （4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。The villag

10、e is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. （5）当主句中含有疑问词which 时。Which are the books that you bought for me ? 7、宜用 which 而不用 that 的情况（1）在非限制性定语从句中精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载（2）在关系词前有介词时（3）当先行词本身是that 时（4）当关系词离先行词较远时8、关系词who 与 that 指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词（1）当主句是there

11、 be句型时，关系词用who。（2）先行词是为anyone、 those、someone、everyone、one 等词时，关系词用who。（3）当主句是who 作疑问词时，关系词用that。Who is that girl that is standing by the window? （4）whom 在从句中只作宾语，可被who 取代。9、 whose 作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving? There is a room, whose window faces the river. Th

12、ere is a room, the window of which faces the river. 10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。（1）先行词被such 和 the same 修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years age. 注意：区别such that 引导的结果状语从句。They are suchlovely children that we love them much. the

13、 same that 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now. （2）无先行词的定语从句用as 和 which 引导。区别：意义上： as 含有 “ 这点正如 一样 ” 。位置上： as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。He didn t pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out. As is known, the earth is round, not flat. 11、

14、关系副词when 与 where、why、that when 指时间= in / at / on / during which where 指地点= in / at / from / which why 指原因= for which 当先行词为way、day、reason、time 时，可用that 作关系副词。 （非正式场合）I don t like the way that / in which / he talks.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载当 time 作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。T

15、his is the first time I have given you a lesson in French. 12、必须注意的问题（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。强调 it 无意义， that / who 不是引导词。强调 it is / was 和 that / who 后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。It is the museum that / which we visited last year.( 定语从句 ) It was in the hotel that we stayed last

16、 night. （强调句）（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that 充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that 不能充当任何成分，不可省。Word came that their army was defeated.( 同位语 ) We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语 ) （4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。关系词作宾语，前无介词时。关系词作表语。（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which 和 who

17、m。（7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中 one 为先行词）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match. （句中 students为先行词）Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday？ Is this the place (that / which) we visited yesterday? He stoo

18、d at the window, from where he could see what was happening. It may rain, in which case the match will be put off. 二、精典名题导解1. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载village. （NMET 2001 ）A. unti

19、l B. that C. when D. where 解析：答案为C。本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词the hours 和关系词被介词短语to me 所分隔。定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours, 并且关系词在从句中用作状语，故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。2. _ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.(NMET 2001) A. It B. As C. That D. What 解析：答案为B。本题考查as引导的非限制定语从

20、句。as作“ 正如 ” 解时，引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时，常用于下列短语：as is known、as is said、as is reported、 as is announced等。要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.(NMET 1996) A. which B. where C. that D. when 解析：答案为B。本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。定语

21、从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语the small town, 且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语，因此定语从句必须用关系副词where 引导。要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分，然后选择适当的关系词。定语从句基础训练题一改错1. I m using the pen which he bought it yesterday. 2. Is that factory which your father once worked in? 3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. 4. July 1,1999 is the day when we ll

22、never forget. 5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them. 6. I m going to work in the hospital where needs me. 7. Those that haven t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate. 8. I don t like the way which you talked to your friend. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第

23、6 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载9. This is the last time when I ve given you lessons. 10. Soon they came to a farm house, and in front of which sat a small boy. 11. We heard the news which our team won the game. 12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable. 13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets writ

24、e down your names. 14. That was the reason because she looked old. 15. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China. 16. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou. 17. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky. 18. The students and things which you spoke of are known

25、to us. 19. Look out! Don t get too close to the house of which roof is under repair. 二用恰当的关系代词或关系副词填空1. I will always remember the hours _ we lived together. I will always remember the hours _ we spent together 2. Can you still think of the village _he once worked? Can you still think of the village

26、 _ he once visited? 3._ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth. _ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth. 4. I have borrowed many books, many of _ are about music. I have borrowed many books, and many of _ are about music 5. There are 50 students in their class,

27、 most of _ are from Tonglu. There are 50 students in their class, and most of _ are from Tonglu 三用适当的介词填空The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we can t live.2. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class. 3. I ll never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to m

28、e. 4. Who can give me the reason _ w hich he hasn t turned up yet?5. Mandela was the black lawyer_ whom I went for advice. 6. He was generous with his time, _ which I was grateful. 7. The parts of town _ which they had to live were decided by white people. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - -

29、 -第 7 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载8. It was a prison _which no one escaped. 9. He is a man of great experience, _ whom much can be learned. 10. Chapin, _whom money was now no problem, start a new film company with his friends. 四单项选择1. The pretty lady _you told me the other day turned out to be a thief. A. who B

30、. whom C. about whom D. with whom 2. Is this the factory _your father used to work many years ago? A. the place B. which C. in which D. the one in which 3. Do you know who lives in the building _ there is a big apple tree？A. in front of it B. in front of whose C. in front of where D. in front of whi

31、ch 4. The person _my father spoke just now is my English teacher. A. who B. to whom C. to who D. whom 5. The reason _she didn t come to Tom s birthday is that her mother won t let her.A .that B. which C. for which D. for what 6. China is a beautiful country, _we are greatly proud. A. which B. in whi

32、ch C. of which D. where 7. I will never forget the day _I join the army. A. on which B in which C. which D at which 8. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 9.There are two buildings ，_stands nearly

33、 a hundred feet high. A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 10. “ I dlike to give my thanks to those_ help my son will be able to survive his terrible disease,” said the woman on TV. A who B that C with whose D with their 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -

34、- - - - - -第 8 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载定语从句强化训练题1. Some of the roads were flooded, _ made our journey more difficult. A. which B. it C. whatD. that 2. Finally they arrived at a place_ sold cigarettes and other small articles. A. where B. which C. in which D. what 3. He was educated at a local grammar school

35、, _ he went on to Cambridge. A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 4. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _they learn simple games and songs. A. then B. there C. while D. where 5. Mom, what did the doctor say? He advised me to live_ the air is fresher. A. in where B.

36、in which C. the place where D. Where 6. It is reported that two schools，_ are being built in my hometown，will open next year. Athey both Bwhich both Cboth of them Dboth of which 7A survey was carried out on the death rate of newborn babies in that area, were surprising. Aas results Bwhich results Ct

37、he results of it D the results of which 8There were two small rooms in the house, _served as kitchen. A. the smaller of which B. the small of which C. the smaller of them D. the smaller one 9. Franks dream was to have his own shop _ to produce the workings of his own hands. A. that B. in which C. by

38、 which D. how 10. “ I d like to give my thanks to thosehelp my son will be able to survive his terrible disease,” said the woman on TV.Awho Bthat Cwith whose Dwith their 11. She had two new cars, _ was made in Japan. A. one B. which C. and one of which D. and one of them 12. On my way home I met a m

39、an, _ I think was her brother. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载A. whom B. that C. who D. / 13. Next winter, _ you will spend in Harbin, I m sure, will be another exciting holiday. A. which B. when C. in which D. that 14. _ to take the English Evening Course, please f

40、ill in this form. A. Those who want B. Anyone wants C. Those that want D. People want 15. I dont like _ you solve such problems. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 16. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, _ 80% are sold abroad. A. of which B.

41、 which of C. of them D. of that 17. I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where 18. The Oscar is the only one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress by far. A. which is

42、 not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been 19. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 20. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 21. I have bought the same dress _

43、 she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 22. This is the very film _ Ive long wished to see. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 定语从句高考题20XX 年高考精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载1. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. （

44、上海卷）A. which B. that C. where D. it 2. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. （山东卷）Athat Bthere Cwhich Dwhere 3. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. （安徽卷）A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 4. We shouldn t s

45、pent our money testing so many people, most of _are healthy （北京卷）A. that B. which C. what D. whom 5. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. （湖南卷）A. who B. which C. what D. that 6. He was educated at the local high school

46、, _ he went on to Beijing University. （江苏卷）A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that 7. After graduation she reached a point in her career she heeded to decide what to do. （江西卷）A. that B. what C. which D. where 8. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _they learn simple games a

47、nd songs. （全国卷 I）A. then B. there C. while D. where 9. Today, we ll discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail to use the language properly. （陕西卷）A. which B. as C. why D. where 10. The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad （上海春）Athat Ball that Call what D

48、which 11. It is reported that two schools ，_ are being built in my hometown ，will open next year. （四川卷）Athey both Bwhich both Cboth of them Dboth of which 12. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 14

49、 页学习必备欢迎下载than hearing. （天津卷）A. when whose C. which D. where 13. Chan s restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. （浙江卷）A. that B. which C. who D. where 14. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose

50、. （重庆卷）A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which 15. Eric received training in computer for one year, _ he found a job in a big company. （辽宁卷）A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this 16.The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago. （福建卷）A. when B. which C.