2022年被动语态讲解及练习.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载中学被动语态讲解及配套练习一、 主动语态与被动语态的概念：英语动词的语态有两种：主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态：表示 主语是动作的承担者 经常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情形下使用 例：They speak English. （主动语态）主 谓 宾English is spoken by them. （被动语态）主 谓 介词短语注：及物动词有被动语态,不及物动词必需带有介词才可以有被动语态；例： We listen to the teacher carefully in class. 主 谓 宾The teacher

2、is listened to by us carefully in class. 主 谓 介词短语 e laughed at him . He was laughed at by us. 二、 被动语态的结构与用法：结构： be +done 过去分词 被动语态中的 be 为助动词 ,无意义；be 可能是 am , is , are也可能是 was ,were或原形 be；注： 被动语态的时态是由be 的时态打算的, be 是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be后面的过去分词不变；用法：例： istory is made by the people. 一般现在时 he cars were made

3、in Tianjing in 1995. 一般过去时 The tree will be cut down next year.一般将来时 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载he room must be kept clean. （含有情态动词的被动语态）The door is being opened. （现在进行时）The film has been seen by me. （现在完成时）注：我们中学主要把握前面四种的用法时 态动词的被动形式例句一般现在时is doneHe is asked to

4、 do this.一般过去时was doneThe story was told by her mother.一般将来时will be doneThe problem will be discussed tomorrow. 现在进行时is being doneThe novel is being written.过去进行时was being doneAt that time the desk was being made. 现在完成时has been doneThe house has been built.过去完成时had been doneThey said that their work

5、 had been finished. 过去将来时would be doneHe said the trees would be planted soon.三、 被动语态的各种句型：、 he song is liked by young people. 确定句 、 he song isnt liked by young people（否定句）、 Is the song liked by young people .（一般疑问句）、 Who is the song liked by .=By whom is the song liked. （特别疑问句）四、 主动语态改被动语态的方法：方法分为三

6、步：把原句中的 宾语改成主语动词改为变动形式be done同时留意时态 原先的主语假如需要的话放在介词 by 后面,以指明做事的人或物,假如没有必要就省去名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载例：The man killed a tiger. A tiger was killed by the man .改的过程中要留意时态和语态两个方面 五、 特别句型的被动语态：含有 使役动词（ make /let /have）或感官动词（ hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,w

7、atch,feel等）的句子,在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带 to 的动词不定式 ,但是在 改成被动语态时 ,就肯定要把省去的 to 再加上去 ,另外 help 这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以 带 to,也可不带 to, 但在被动语态 中也必需把 to 加上去 ；例： Mother often makes me do some housework. I am often made to do some housework by mother. We saw him run into the classroom. He was seen to run into the classroom

8、 by us. teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell等动词经常 带有两个宾语 （双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语）,改为被动语态时, 两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语；那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词 to/for；例： he gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me. I was given a pen by her. A pen was given to me by her. 假如直接宾语被提前作主语,My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike fo

9、r me. I was bought a new bike by my father. A new bike was bought for me by my father. 由不及物动词（ vi）+介词/副词宾语的句子改成被动语态时,介词或副词不能丢掉；前面已举过两例 例： e should speak to old people politely. Old people should be spoken to politely by us. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载He took awa

10、y the box. The box was taken away by him. 含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态； （宾补放在原先位置不变）例： We call him Xiao Ma. 主 谓 宾 宾补e is called Xiao Ma by us. He found the book very interesting. The book was found very interesting by him. 六、 没有被动语态的动词：1. 没有被动语态的词 , 表示状态或特点的及物动词如cost, fit, have, suit等没有被动形式,另外,诸如 happen = take

11、place, break out爆发,break down坏了 等不及物动词或 短语以及诸如 result from缘于,belong to, consist of等只用主动语态,而不用被动语态不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear, die ,disappear, end vi. 终止, fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播） , stand, come true, fall asleep, . .大多数系动词： be , feel 摸起来 ,sound听起来 ,look看起来 ,smell闻起来 taste（尝起来） 等词无被动语态,它们的

12、主动形式表示被动意义；例： he skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很松软；Many changes have happened in our hometown. The film lasted for 3 hours. 被动语态配套练习一、单项挑选； 1. One or two man-made satellites _ in our country every year. A. have been sent up B. will be sent up C. is sent up D. are sent up 2. Our TV set _ yesterday. A

13、. is repaired B. was repaired C. had been repaired D. would be repaired 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载 3. A new building _ in our school next year. A. will be built B. is built C. is being built D. has been built 4. Many books on science _ since I went to college.

14、A. were bought B. have been bought C, will be bought D. are bought 5. A wonderful English talk _ by Mr Liu tomorrow. A. has been given B. is given C. is being given D. will be given 6. How _ the Great Pyramid 金字塔 _ many years ago without modern machines. A. is built B. would be built C. have been bu

15、ilt D. was built Food and clothes _ by women. A is often talk about B. are often talked C. are often talked about D. often talked about 8. _ the work _ yet . A. is finished B. Will be finishedC. Has been finished D. Would be finished 9.Such films _ by children like you. A. must be not seen B. must n

16、ot be see C. must not seen D. must not be seen 10.Trees _ in winter but in spring. A. not can be planted B. can be not planted C. can t be planted D. can not be plant 11.This kind of cars _ in Japan ten years ago. A. can only be made B. could only made C. be could only made D. could only be made 12.

17、Jack often does things foolishly, so he _ sometimes _ by others. A. is laughed B. is laughed atC. was laughed D. has been laughed at 13.The bear _ to the zoo tomorrow morning. A. may be send B. may is sent C. may be sent D. is may sent 14. In the past ten year, a lot of new buildings _ in our city.

18、. A. are put up B. have put up C. have been put D. have been put up 15. Such films _ by children like you. A. must be not seen B. must not be see C. must not seen D. must not be seen 二、用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空；1. Some top students _send to study in foreign countries once a year. 2.More and more schools _buil

19、d here later. 3. Where are the apples. I think they _eat by those boys. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载4.Many new things _invent in the last ten years. 5.All the shoes _sell out last week. 6.How long _ the book _can keep. 7. Tom _ hide his shoes behind the tree. So

20、they _not find easily. 8.The babies here _take good care of every day. 9. We _open the box and two new coats _see in it. 10. His new novel _ finish next week. 三 依据短文意思填空English _be very widely _use. It _speak by people in England, the United States, Australia, and many other countries. It _be one of

21、 the working languages at international meetings. Most international business letters _write in English. And quite a few books and magazines _write in English, too. If you _know English, you _find you can _enjoy so many books. English _be really a bridge to so much knowledge. 四 将以下句子变为被动语态1.Many peo

22、ple speak English. 2.People used knives for cutting things. 3.We can use the box as a table. 4.We should clean the classroom every day. 5.She will repair the bike tomorrow 参考答案一、 1-5 DBABD 6-10 DCCDC 11-15 DBCDD 二、 1. are sent 2. will be built 3. have been eaten 4. have been invented 5. were sold 6. can be kept7. hid, aren found8. are taken 9. opened, are seen 10. will be finished 三 . is ,used, is spoken ,is , are written, are written, knew, will find , enjoy, is. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页