2022年英语三大从句知识总结3.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 优秀学问点英语三大从句主语从句用作主语,如： ：That the earth is round is true. 地球为圆的是真实的；宾语从句用作宾语；如：Do you know where he lives. 表语从句用作表语,如：My opinion is that you should not go alone. 同位语从句用于说明说明前面的名词；如：我的看法是你不应单独前往；The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的；（that 从句用于说明说明the fact

2、）定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词；如：The student who answered the question was John. 回答疑题的同学是 John. 状语从句相当于一个副词,如：When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学；（时间状语）If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 假如他明天来,你就可以观察他；（ if 引导的条件状语从句, 其结构为： if + 状语从句, 主句）；要留意在状语从句中有一个规章是“ 主将从现 ”,即主句是将来时,就从句要用

3、一般现在时表示将来；主句和从句的划分方法是相同的；句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较简单；谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,如谓语是系动词,就系动词后的部分是表语；如：I am a teacher. 其中, I 是主语, am 是谓语, a teacher 是表语；He likes playing football very mucy. very much 是状语；名词性从句其中, he 是主语, likes 是谓语, playing football 是宾语,名词性从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句；例如：宾语从句： I d

4、on t know where he will go. 主语从句： Where he will go is unknown. 表语从句： The problem is how we can get so much money. 同位语从句： We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game. 下面几点是学习名词从句要加以留意的：1 whether 和 if 都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否 ” 意,（即引导宾语从句时if 和 whether 可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用 if ）引导：（1） 引导主语从句

5、,且在句首时；例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known. 但It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis. （2） 引导表语从句时；例The problem is whether he can get a job. （3） 引导同位语从句时；例：I have no idea whether he will come. （4） 介词后的 whether 从句；例： I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 2 位于句首引导主语从句的 that 不行忘；例

6、如： That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us. 3 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/that 从句 ”结构中, that 从句谓语有时用（should）do 这样的虚拟语气形式；例如： It is suggested that weshould improve the relations between us. 名师归纳总结 It is a pity that oneshould stay in

7、 one place all ones life. 第 1 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 优秀学问点It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings （缺点） . 4 在“The reason why is that 句式中 that 不要误为 because. 例如： The reason why he didnt go to school yesterday is that he was ill. 5 名词从句中that,what

8、用法比较：what 是连接代词, whatthe 引导名词从句的that 是连词,在句中无成份,无意义,而things that. 例如： It was told in yesterday by the factory. I know that he will study. I know what he will study. s newspaper that what the students had done was praised That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all. What he works hard at is

9、known to us all. All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what used to be.他和以前大不相同了；6 where 在名词从句中的使用特点：the person thathe where 在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where ” ,有时可以变为 “ 介词 the place where ” 形式；例如：主从： WhereThe place whereshe has gone is still unknown. 宾从： Would you please tell me where

10、the place where Mr Smith lives. 表从： Your dictionary remains where in/at the place whereyou put. 同位从： Have you any idea where of the place where she is spending her holidays. 7 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序；例如：I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is. 当一个特别疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即“ 主谓（宾）”或“ 主系表 ”结构）,将其变为间接引语（即宾

11、语从句）时,无需转变语序；例如：What s the matter with him. She asked me what was the matter with him. Who looks after your grandfather. He asked me who looked after my grandfather. 形容词性从句定语从句一、 定语从句与引导词定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句；被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词,而引导定语从句的词叫引导词,有关系代词和关系副词两类；懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键；1 关系代词有：that,which,

12、who,whom,whose, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语,whose 作定语；代人的有：who,whom,whose,that ；代物的有： that,which,whose. 例如：The man who helped you is Mr White.who 代人,在定语从句中作主语 That is the personwhom/who/that you want to see.whom,who,that 代人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略 I m not the foolthat you thought me to be.that 代人,在定从中作表语 A dictionary is

13、a useful book which that tells us the meaning of wordswhich 或 that 代物,在定从中作主语 2 关系副词有：when指时间 ,where指地点 ,why 指缘由 ,在定语从句中作状语；例如： Would you suggest a timewhen we can have a talk.when 可省略 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 优秀学问点The house where they live is not very large./This

14、 is the reason why he did not came to the meeting. 留意：不是表时间的先行词都用when 引导定从, 不是表地点的先行词都用where 引导定从；例如： We ll visit the factory which that makes radios. which 或 that 在定从中作主语,where 不行用主语,故不行用 They still remember the happy dayswhich/that they spent in Beidaihe. which 或 that 在定从中作spent 的宾语, when 不行作宾语,故不

15、行用 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开,修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代 词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开,可以修饰主句中的某一个词,也可修饰整个句 子；非限制性定语从句不能用 that 引导, 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略；非限制 性定语从句例：Li Ping s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.which 指代主句内容, 因前后两句是因果关系,此时 which 不行换 为 as

16、； He is good at physics, as is known to us all. As is known to us all, he is good at physics.as 指代主句内容,在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe这类结构中as 不行换为 which 三、 只用 that 引导和不用that 引导的场合1 只用 that 引导和不用that 引导的场合1） 当先行词既包括人又包括物时：him. He talked about the men and the books that attracted 2） 指物的先

17、行词被 any, every, only, very, all, no 等修饰时： These are the very points that interest me./That s the only watch that I like most. 3） 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：difficult./This is the second card that he gave me. The first step that we are to take is very 4） 先行词是指物的不定代词all, little , few , much,及 everything , a

18、nything , nothing等时：There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need. 5） 先行词是 who 时： Who that have seen him does not like him. 2 不用 that 的场合如下：1）非限制性定语从句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film ,which was about the Long March . 2）介词放在关系代词之前时This is the man from whom I

19、 learnt the news 3）句中显现了that,或先行词是that 时 I have found that which I was looking for. 副词性从句 状语从句 时间状语从句：When Susan goes to town, she will visit her grandma. 苏珊每次进程,总要去探望她奶奶；地点状语从句：I will go where I am needed. 哪里需要我,我就到哪里去；方式状语从句：I have changed it as you suggest. 我已经根据你的建议作了转变；缘由状语从句：名师归纳总结 Mary didnt

20、go shopping because I advised her not to. 玛丽没有去购物,由于我劝她不要去；第 3 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 优秀学问点目的状语从句：They worked hard in order that they might succeed. 结果状语从句：他们努力工作,以便能够获得胜利；Waste must be treated so that it does not become a danger to life. 废物必需进行处理,这样它才 不会成为危害生命的东西；条件状语从句：I

21、f he works hard, he will surely succeed. 让步状语从句：假如努力工作,他确定会胜利；Though we are all different, we need never be separate. 比较状语从句：I was happier than I had ever been in my life. 时间状语从句：这是我一生中最欢乐的时间；1 时间状语从句由以下连词引导：After, as, before, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while, as soon as Lets wait til

22、l the rain stops. 咱们等到雨停再说吧；Once the train is moving, theres no way to stop it. 火车一旦开动就没方法让它停下来；They were scolded whenever they were late for school. 每次他们上学迟到都挨骂；（2）有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句：time, the first time ）The minute, the moment, every The moment he reached the country, he started his search.

23、他一到达这个国家,就开头他的探寻工作；Every time I saw the straw hat, it reminded me of the tour I made years before. 每当我看到那顶草帽,它就使我想起几年前的那次旅行；I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her ；我第一次见到她就觉得她诚恳而友善；（3）有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句：Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet. 校长一进来,大家就寂静下来；The young lady

24、 rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise. 那位年轻女士一听到响 声就冲进房间；（4）as的用法1）某事一发生,另一事立刻发生 As the sun rose the frog dispersed. 太阳一出来雾就消散；They strolled into the garden as the music ceased. 音乐声一停,他们就走进花园；2）在某事发生的过程中另一事发生 I heard the murmur of their voices as I crossed the hall. 我走过大厅的时候听到他们在嘀咕什

25、么；（两个动作都是一般时态）Just as he was speaking there was a loud explosion. 正值他在说话的时候,一声巨响；（从句 用进行时态）3）两个动作同时发生 He smiled as he passed. 他路过的时候笑了一下；（两个都是短暂动作）As she sang, the tears ran down her cheeks. 她一边唱歌,眼泪一边从脸颊淌下；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 优秀学问点Helen heard the story as sh

26、e washed. 海伦一边洗衣服一边听故事；He saw that she was smiling as she read. 他看到她一边看着书一边笑；（两个都是连续性动作）We get wiser as we get older. 我们随着年龄的增长而变得聪慧起来；（随着时间的变化而变 化）（5）when 的用法：1）以 when 引导的时间状语从句中,既可用短暂性动作也可用连续性动作；I bought the car when I received my first salary. （短暂性动作）我是在领第一笔薪水的时候买的车；Dont get excited when you talk

27、. （连续性动作）说话的时候不要兴奋；2when 简单与时间状语从句混淆的例子请留意：此项中when 引导的都不是时间状语从句； She had just finished dressing when her guests came in. 她刚刚穿戴完毕,这时她的客人进来了；这里的 when 不是从属连词, 而是并列连词； 所以它引导的是并列句；像这类问题有以下主 要特点 when 后面的分句动词必需是瞬时动词,用于表示突然性：We were about to start when it began to rain. 正值我们要动身的时候,突然下雨了；3）.when 前面的分句是过去进行时：

28、He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. 妻子走了进来；4）.when 前面的分句含有 be about to, be on the point of: 他正笑着,突然门开了,他的He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他刚要动身的时候,突然有 人敲门；5）.when 前面的分句采纳过去完成时或是过去完成进行时：We had just fallen asleep when the telephone rang. 我们刚刚

29、入睡,突然电话铃声响了；The plane had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. 飞机播种了近一个 月,这时天才下雨；6while 的用法（以 while 引导的时间状语从句中,只能用连续性动作；）They arrived while I was sunbathing. 当我正在进行日光浴时,他们来了；While the discussion was still going on, Mr. Zhang came in. 当争论仍在进行的时候,张先生进来了；缘由状语从句because, as, since

30、, 用来引导缘由状语从句；而是并列连词；for 虽然也是表示缘由,但是它不是从属连词,1 because 表示最强的因果关系,表达听话者未知的缘由,because引导的从句通常放在后面,表示强调时也可放在前面；because引导的从句可以用来回答 Why 引起的特别疑问句；He got the job because he was the best candidate. 他得到那份工作,由于他是正确人选；“Why can t I go.Because you are too young.为什么我不能去？由于你年纪太小；（2）as 所表示的缘由通常是听话者已经知道的；因而它不是句子的中心；不能用

31、来回答Why 引起的特别疑问句；As all the seats were full, he stood up. 由于全部的座位都满了,他只好站着；Perhaps shell need some help, especially as she她可能需要帮忙, 特别是由于她始终有病；名师归纳总结 （3）since 所表示的缘由通常也是听话者已经知道的；同样 since 也不能用来回答Why 引起第 5 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 优秀学问点的特别疑问句；Since you are going, I will go too.

32、既然你要去,我也去吧；（4）for 从语法分析的角度来说,它不是引导状语从句,而是构成一个并列句；for 通常用于书面语,它通常不表示因果关系,而是对前面的分句进行补充说明；for- 分句通常放在句末, for 之前有逗号；He laughed little, for he was a sad man. 他很少发笑,由于他是个多愁的人；She was clearly upset, for her eyes were filled with tears. 泪水；地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由 where,wherever 引导；她明显心烦意乱,由于她眼眶里饱含Where he made mist

33、akes, he admitted these willingly. 他在什么地方做错了事,他都乐于承认 这些错误；Put it where we can see it. 把它放在我们能看得见的地方；Let s go wherever this path will take us.我们就顺着这条小路走,走到哪儿就算哪儿；相关引导词： 缘由： because, since, now that既然 as, for, this reason. 结果： so that, so, therefore, consequently, so as to, as a result . 时间：after, bef

34、ore, when, while, as, until, as soon as, since, by the time, once, lately, presently, shortly after, currently, at present, nowadays . 条件：if, only if., once, unless, in the event that, in case that, provided that, on the condition that, etc. whatever / however / 让步：though, although, even thoughif, no matter what / how / when whenever . 目的： in order that, in order to, to, for the sake of 比较： than, as . as, by comparison相比较 ,by contrast相对比 .名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页