2022年英语国际音标发音标准教程文件 .pdf
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1、此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用第一部分英语国际音标发音标准国际音标(英语语音)元音单元音前元音i: i e ?中元音 ? ?: ? 后元音u: u ?: ? a: 双元音开合双元音ei ai ?i ?u au 集中双元音i ? ? u ? 辅音爆破音清辅音p t k 浊辅音b d g 摩擦音清辅音f s ? h 浊辅音v z ? er 破擦音清辅音t ? tr ts 浊辅音d ? dr dz 鼻音(浊辅音)m n ? 舌则音(浊辅音)l (l) 半元音(浊辅音)w j 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2、- - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - 此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用语音知识:1)字母 :语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u 2) 音素:音的最小单位。英语共48 个音素,其中元音音素20 个,辅音音素28 个。3) 元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。4) 辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。5)音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple ,student,teacher,understand。6) 开音节 :
3、 a) 辅音 +元音+辅音 +e name bike home due; b) 辅音 +元音 he ,go,hi 。7) 闭音节 : a) 辅音 +元音+辅音 bad ,bed,sit ,hot ,cup; b) 元音 +辅音 it。8) 前中后元音 :根据舌位的变化,元音又可分为前元音、中元音和后元音。舌位在口腔前部的时候发出的元音叫做前元音,舌位在口腔中部的时候发出的元音叫做中元音,同理,舌位后缩到口腔后部发出的元音就叫做后元音。9)28 个辅音按发音时是否振动声带分为清辅音 和浊辅音 。按发音时以不同方式调动的不同发音器官来分类,英语辅音又可分为爆破音、摩擦音、破擦音、鼻音、舌边音、半元
4、音。第二部分发音器官图及说明发音主要分为三部分:喉部、口腔、鼻腔。A、喉部的发音器官:1气管2声带( 包括声门 ) 3会厌软骨B、口腔的发音器官:4舌: a. 舌端 b. 舌前部 c.舌后部 d. 舌根5硬腭6. 软腭7上齿龈8牙齿9唇l0 小舌C、鼻腔名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - 此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用26 个英文字母音标表第三部分 发 音 标 准一、元音的发音I 单元音发音
5、方法描述:发音时舌尖轻抵下齿,前舌部向上腭抬起,口形扁而平。发音时间延续较长。例词: Be meat sheep secret believe 例句: I don t believe it. He feels very weak. 发音方法描述:发音时舌尖抵下齿,舌前部向硬腭抬起,口形扁平,发音时间短促。例词: It big rich visit loaded business 例句:It s a very big city. I feel a bit dizzy. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理
6、- - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - 此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用发音方法描述:舌尖抵下齿,前舌部向硬腭抬起,口形扁平,气流从口腔泄出,声带振动。发音时间短促。例词: Fed best them wedding refresh 例句:Well fed,well bred. I will never forget petty. 发音方法描述:舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬,双唇开口度较大,并向两边平展,发音短促。例词: At have flat stand saturday 例句: I m glad to know that.
7、 He was born in a happy family.发音方法描述:舌身放低后缩,舌后部隆起,口形张大,全开,声带振动。发音延续较长。例词: Art fast March party advance 例句: My father has a large farm. Please park your car in the car park. 发音方法描述:舌身尽量降低并收缩,舌后部抬起。双唇收圆更收小,并稍向前突。发音延续较长。例词: Saw born course thought morning 例句: They are talking about Ford. I decided to
8、go abroad after graduation. 发音方法描述:舌身尽量降低并后缩,舌后部抬起, 口形稍收圆, 开口比长元音稍大但不向前突出。发音短促。例词: Hot boss want doctor holiday 例句: Who s knocking at the door. Lost time is never found again. 发音方法描述:舌身后缩,舌后部尽量抬起,口形较小较圆,较突出。发音延长。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 19
9、 页 - - - - - - - - - 此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用例词: Do you tooth choose June 例句: You must follow the rules of the school. Whose shoes are these? 发音方法描述:舌身后缩,舌后部抬起,口形收圆,稍微突出,比的口形略放松。发音短促。例词: Book good put wood push 例句: This book is a good cook-book. Let me have a look. 发音方法描述舌身后缩至口腔中部,舌后部稍抬起,双唇较扁,开口较
10、大。发音短促。例词: Up but does rough thunder 例句: The old man has got much money. I went to cinema just for fun. 发音方法描述:舌位抬高,舌身后缩并放平,口形微张,双唇扁平,双唇肌肉较紧张。发音延续较长。例词:Sir her third worth early 例句: Can I help you,sir? Everybody deserves good services. 发音方法描述:口形微开,双唇扁平,双唇肌肉放松。在词首或词中发舌身放平,舌中部抬起,得较模糊,在词尾时应该适当延长。例 词 :
11、About again teacher writer paper 例句: We ran along the river. She is a famous professor. 单元音对比i: - i eat-it seek-sick read-rid feel-fill keep-kip meal-mill e - i bet-bit bed-bid set-sit fell-fill pen-pin ? - e bad-bed band-bend sad-said had-head gas-guess gat-get ?: - ?court-cot short-shot port-pot l
12、ord-lot naught-not chalk-chock u:-u poor-pull food-foot fool-full cool-cook tool-took shoot-should a:- ?名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - 此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用dark-duck march-much lark-luck cart-cut calm-come ?- ?cat-cu
13、t hat-hut bad-bud cap-cup ran-run wan-won 双元音发音方法描述:发音由向自然滑动,滑动过程中口形从半开到半合,舌位随之抬高。例词: Eight day face gate faithful 例句: It s pay day today. Better late than never. 发音方法描述:发音时由向自然滑动,滑动过程中,口形逐渐由半开到小而圆,舌位由半低到高。例词: Old so show note close 例句: It s so cold. Please close the window. 发音方法描述:发音时由向滑动,滑动过程中口形从开
14、到合。发此音时注意把音发足。例词: Eye tie ride knife arrive 例句: The kite is flying in the shy. Prices are very high these days. 发音方法描述:发音时由向自然滑动,滑动过程中双唇收拢收圆,口形由大到小,舌位由低到高。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页,共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - 此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用例词: Out h
15、ow about cloud mountain 例句: I couldn t help shouting out. The milk became sour. 发音方法描述:发音时由向自然滑动,但不到舌位就停止了。滑动的过程中双唇逐渐由圆变扁,口形由大到小。例词: Boy joy join enjoy spoil 例句: He likes making noise in the class. The boy is spoilt by his parents. 发音方法描述:发音时由向自然滑动,滑动过程中发音较清楚,发音较弱,双唇始终半开。例词: Ear fear here clear 例句:
16、I m living near here. Students became all ears when their professor was teaching. 发音方法描述:由向自然滑动,滑动过程中,开口程度稍稍收小。例词: Air care hair share parent 例句: Their parents stood over there.We rushed there in a tearing hurry. 发音方法描述:发音时由向自然滑动,滑动过程中口形由收圆变为半开。例词: Poor tour sure rural cruel 例句: The poor guy was not
17、 sure what to do. The tourists are unhappy with their tour. 双元音与单元音对比ei-e wait-wet say-said fade-fed 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - 此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用late-let pain-pen ?u -?: coal-call boat-bought woke-walk fold-f
18、ord low-law note-naught ai- a: life-laugh pike-park mike-markbike-bark like-lark kite-cart au- ?pound-pun town-tunnel round-run bout-but bow-bun down-dun ?i- ?: toy-tall boy-bore loyal-law oil-all coil-call joy-jaw au- ?: loud-lord found-ford shout-short cow-call house-horse now-naught 双元音对比?u- au c
19、row-crowd load-loud hole-how know-now code-cow flow-flower ai-au by-bow find-found mice-mouse shy-shout fly-flower climb-cloud i?-?here-hair beer-bear fear-fair cheer-chair peer-pair dear-dare 辅音第一节爆破音发音方法描述:双唇闭紧,气流突然冲开双唇,冲出口腔。是清辅音,声带不振动。是浊辅音,声带振动。例词: Pit pay proper open happy blue baby bike bride 名
20、师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页,共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - 此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用例句: Chongqing is famous for its hot pot. Betty walked in a busy street. 发音方法描述:舌尖紧抵上齿龈,形成阻碍,然后突然分开,气流冲出口腔。 t是清辅音,声带不振动, d 是浊辅音,声带振动。例词: too take touch right tight do
21、 dirt card tired sudden 例句: Don t tell my teacher,Tom. David told me that Doctor Li would be his tutor this year. 发音方法描述:舌后部抬起,紧贴软腭,形成阻碍。气流冲开阻碍后冲出口腔。k 是清辅音,声带不振动, g 是浊辅音,声带振动。例词: Kick book like dock occasion gate get egg ghost guide 例句: The book teaches us how to cook. All that glitters is not gold,
22、 第二节爆破音对比p-b pig-big park-bark rope-robe pull-bull cap-cab play-blame t-d tell-dell tear-dear right-ride heart-hard town-down seat-seed k-g class-glass back-bag pick-pig dock-dog coat-goat could-good 摩擦音发音方法描述:下唇轻触上齿,气流由唇齿问的缝隙通过,摩擦成音。f 是清辅音,声带不振动, v 是浊辅音,声带振动。例词:Fly far wife off laugh very village l
23、ive over save 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页,共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - 此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用例句:There are fifteen girls in my class. I m living in a flat by the river. 发音方法描述:舌尖轻触上齿背部,气流从舌齿问的缝隙送出。是清辅音,声带不振动。是浊辅音,声带振动。例词: Thank think thief mout
24、h teeth This those then that smooth 例句:You should think of it. This book is better than that. 发音方法描述:舌端靠近上齿龈,气流从舌端和齿龈间通过,形成摩擦音。 s 是清辅音, 声带不振动,z 是浊辅音,声带振动。例词: So sir pencil piece dress zoo zone zero use eraser例句 : Did you see the snake in the grass? Please close the window. 发音方法描述:舌身抬起靠近硬腭,舌端抬向上齿龈,形成
25、狭长通道,气流由此通过,双唇稍微收圆并略突出。是清辅音,声带不振动是浊辅音,声带振动。例词:She sheep wish sure special Pleasure garage decision vision division 例句:She is a shy girl. What do you usually do in your leisure time?发音方法描述:发音时口张开,在通过声门时发出轻微摩擦,气流经过口腔时不受阻碍。h 是清辅音,声带不振动。例词:He her how who ahead 例句:How are you? He doesn t have any hope. 名
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