2022年选修六unit知识点.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - U3 选修六 1.abuse n. 1滥用 ,妄用；虐待,辱骂2弊病,陋俗vt. 滥用 ,妄用 ,虐待e.g. He abused his power while in office. 他在职时滥用权力；Those captives were physically abused.那些俘虏遭受了肉体上的摧残drug abuse 滥用毒品 child abuse 虐待儿童 abuse one s position / power 滥用职权 /权益 abuse a privilege 滥用特权2. stress 1n. 1压力 ; 重音 ,重读 be

2、 under the stress of 在压力下 suffer from stress 遭受压力 The stresses and strains of modern life 现代生活的 压力和紧急 . 2强调 , 重要性 e.g. Some school lay / put /place stress on foreign language education. 2vt. 加压力于 ; 重读 ; 强调 e.g. He stressed the importance of the task. 3.ban 1n.禁令 ,禁止 a ban on sth 2vt.禁止 , 取缔 ban sb.

3、from doing sth. 颁布禁令 Put/impose a ban 颁发 /解除禁令 lift a ban 确立禁令 e.g. Our government has put/ imposed a ban on plastic bags. 4. due to 归因于 , 归功于 e.g. The accident is due to your careless driving. 那意外事故归因于你驾驶不当心；be due to do sth 定于某时做某事 e.g. He is due to speak at the meeting tomorrow 可以被 caused by 所代替T

4、he train is due in five minutes. 预定的,预期的My rent isn due till Wednesday.到期的,立刻支付的In due course 在适当的时候 after due consideration 经适当考虑之后名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 拓展：because of 由于 ”, 较口语化,只作状语owing to 较正式,须用逗号与主句隔开thanks to 多亏了 ” ,多用于正面的意义as a result of 由于 ”“as a result 副短 ,

5、 “因此 ”therefore 副词 , “因此 ”so 并列连词 , “因此 ”because of ,due to , owing to , on account of 和 thanks to 的用法比较这一词都表示 “ 由于 ” 的意思,在使用时应当留意以下区分：1because of 意为 “ 由于,由于 ”,强调因果关系,在句中仅作状语,修饰句中的一部分,与其他成分不用逗号隔开；如： We must not get discouraged because of such a minor setback我们决不行由于这样一个小小的挫折而灰心丧气；2owing to 与 because

6、of 一样,也强调因果关系,除作状语外,也可作表语；作状语时修饰整个句子,可在句首或句末,用逗号隔开；如：They decided to cancel the flight ,owing to the storm由于这场暴风雨,他们决定取消这个航班；His death was owing to an accident他死于一场事故；3due to 引出造成后果的缘由,在句中作表语、状语和定语；作表语和状语时与owing to同义,作状语时,一般不与其他成分隔开；不用于句首；如：This accident was due toowing to his careless driving 这 次 车

7、 祸 是 由 于 他 开 车 疏 忽 大 意 造 成 的；He arrived late due to owing to the storm 由 于 暴 风 雨 他 来 晚 了 ；Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences由 于 疏 忽 大 意 造 成 的 错 误 可 能 带 来 严 重 的 后 果；4on account of 与 because of,owing to 同义,但语气较为正式；可作状语、表语,不作定语； 如：He could not come on account of his illness他因病不能

8、前来；That was on account of l ack of exercise那是由于缺乏锤炼；5thanks to 表示 “幸亏,多亏 ” 多用于表达正面意思,相当于感谢,在句中作状语和表语；如： Thanks to your advice,much trouble was saved多亏你的建议,削减了很多麻烦；1The wire 金属丝 is tougher than that. 坚强的,不易磨损的2You need to be tough enough to survive 生存 in the jungle. 坚忍不拔的,吃苦耐劳的3 a tough criminal 罪犯粗暴

9、的,凶暴的4tough measures to deal with terrorism 恐惧主义强硬的,严格的5a tough assignment 任务 / problem / choice 麻烦的,困难的6a tough steak 牛排硬的,老的名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1V. 1.The dress doesn fit me.适合2.We can fit any more chairs into the room. 容纳3. be fitted with handles安装4. His ideas d

10、id not quite fit in with our aims. 他的想法和我们的目标不完全一样；与 相一样,相和谐2Adj. keep fit 保持健康 be fit for / to do 对.合适 The book is fit suitable for children. The fresh air is fit to breath . 反义词： unfit be unfit for / to do 区分 fit , suit, match These shoes dont fit me. Have you got a larger size. 这鞋我穿不合适；你们有大点的吗？Th

11、at haircut suits you. 那种发型很适合你；The carpets should match the curtains. 地毯应当和窗帘相配；You can t match him in his knowledge of wild plants. 在野生植物学问方面,你无法与他相比；7. addicted adj. 对某某上瘾 ”, “沉湎于某某 ” e.g. My children have become hopelessly addicted to television. 我的几个孩子都成了电视迷, 简直不行救药了；构词法：addict n. 吸毒成瘾的人 addicti

12、on n. 沉湎、成瘾 addictive adj. 使人上瘾的 addict 常用于以下结构：addict oneself to sth. 沉溺于某物 be addicted to sth. 用心做某事 ;上了 .的瘾 be addicted to doing sth. Eg.The parents felt helpless when they found their son had _ drug for long. A. addicted B. addicted to C. addicted himself D. been addicted to D 名师归纳总结 - - - - - -

13、 -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 8. accustom v.使人习惯于、养成习惯 e.g. She found it necessary to accustom her child to getting up early. 她觉得有必要让孩子养成早 起的好习惯；常用句式：1 accustom+名词 /oneself + to+名 eg.Children are quick to accustom themselves to 适应 新环境；2 be accustomed to +名词 e.g. I am accustomed to walking lo

14、ng distances. 我习惯 与长距离步行；3 get/become/be accustomed to +名词 e.g. You will soon get accustomed to the job. 你将会 习惯 于这个工作；同义词组： be / get / become used to 留意 : 在英语中 , to 有时为动词不定式符号, 后跟动词原形 ; 有时用作介词 , 后跟名词、 代词、 或动名词；下面的这些短语中的to 均为介词；pay a visit to 参观stick to 坚持lead to 导致 , 通向sentence sb. to 宣判某人come to 谈到

15、 , 涉及see to 处理,负责be up to 总计devote to 致力于 get down to 开头 /着手be opposed to / object to 反对be devoted to 致力于,献身于be attached to adjust adapt tobe exposed to look forward to pay attention to attend to contribute to turn to admit to when it comes to 9.withdraw v. withdrawal n. The general refused to withd

16、raw his troops. 收回,撤回She withdrew all her savings and left the country. 取钱,提款10. quit v. 过去式和过去分词quit,现在分词 quitting, +doing 形式 , 表“ 停止做 ” e.g. She quit smoking when she got pregnant. 她一怀孕就戒了烟；归类记忆 :以下动词只能用-ing 形式作宾语admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, deny , forbid禁止 , fancy 想象 , finis

17、h, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, prevent, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, imagine, postpone推迟 , practice, quit, resist 抗击 , risk , suggest, tolerate, understand eg： I knew it was time to quit smoking.It is/was time for sb to do sth. t s time for us to study hard. 该是我们仔细学习的时候了It i

18、s high/about time that sb. did/should do sth. should 不行省It is/wasthe first second time that sb. have/has/had done sth. 名师归纳总结 It s high time that we studied/should study hard. 第 4 页,共 8 页It s the first time that my classmates and I have got together. 昨天晚上是我们第一次同学聚会；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - -

19、- - 11.do/does/did+动词原形,用于确定句和祈使句中,表示强调 词；I do hope so because I want you to liveDo be careful when crossing the street. He does speak English well. 强调谓语以外的成分可使用：It is/was that ；留意：只用于强调谓语动It was when I was doing my homework that I saw him sleeping. It was I that/who saw him sleeping in class. 12. n

20、either/nor +be/ 助动词 /情态动词 , 表示否认的情形 so +be/助动词 /情态动词,表示确定的情形；She doesn t like English, neither do I.I have mastered the use of it, so have she. 留意区分： so+主语 +助动词-She finished all the homework yesterday. -So she did.-她昨天把全部的作业完成了；-她的确都完成了；13.decide 1.decide+名词 /代词 The question will be decided by thems

21、elves.问题将由他们自己打算；2.decide to do Last week, a group of Class 3 students decided to go to the museum. 3.decide+从句 Lets first decide where we should go.=Lets first decide where to go. It is not decided whether we will go there. It is decided that. ：It is decided that we should start tomorrow. 注：这种从句要用虚

22、拟语气；4.跟介词短语 跟 on 或 upon,表示 “ 就某事做出打算” ：Dont decide on important matters too quickly. 重要的事情不要匆忙做出打算；decision n. make a decision =determine to do / be determined to do 名师归纳总结 =make up ones mind s to do 第 5 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 14. feel like+doing 想要 , 只表示一次的想法e.g. Its so hot to

23、day. I feel like going swimming. 今日好热啊 , 我想去游泳；摸起来像 , 像是 e.g. The material feels like silk. 丝绸 It feels like rain. 15.every time 在此句中引导时间状语,表示“ 每次 的时候 ”Every time I go to see her, she is always busy working. 每次我去看她,她总是忙于工作；以下用法均可做连词：the first time 第一次 的时候 the moment/minute/instant/immediately/instan

24、tly/directly 一 .就 .every time=each time 每次 的时候 last time 上次 next time 下次 by the time 到 为止 the first time I saw him. 第一次见到他的时候,我就喜爱他了；I fell in love with him The last time I saw her, she was working. 最终一次见到她的时候,她正在工作；I always go too see my best friend immediately we have a holiday. 一放假,我总是去看我最好 的伴侣；1

25、6.remind v. 提示,使某人想起. remind sb of sth remind sb to to remind sb thate.g. The story reminded me of an experience I once lived. You must remind him to take his medicine ,in case he forgets. Please remind me that I must return the book before noon. 17.ashamed adj. 羞辱,耻辱,尴尬 e.g. She is ashamed to ask s

26、uch a simple question. 相关短语 ：be ashamed of sb./ sth be ashamed thatbe ashamed to do What a shame. pity 多遗憾啊！ . It s a shame pity that 真是遗憾18. in spite of 尽管 , 虽然,不顾；后接名词=despite 名师归纳总结 eg. She cant see very well in spite of her glasses. despite 第 6 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 尽管戴着眼镜

27、她仍是不能看得很清晰；Despite In spite of the fact that we tried our best, we didnt win.同义： regardless of 不管,不顾,不理睬He says what he thinks and does what he wants to do, regardless of other peoples feelings.The law says everyone is equal, regardless of age, sex, or religion. Though / Although / Even if Even thou

28、gh it s hard work, I enjoy it.Young as / though I am, I already know what career I want to follow. 19. get into 陷于 , 染上什么习惯get into the habit of 养成什么习惯 相当于 fall into the habit of或者 form the habit of e.g. The girl has got into the habit of playing with her hair while reading. 那个女孩养成了阅读时玩弄头发的习惯；短语联想：g

29、et into trouble 惹上麻烦get into debt 负债累累get along / on withget away with 侥幸逃脱 惩处get down get inget throughget offget over get together 20. at risk=in danger 在危急中take risks/ a risk ,冒险run the risk of 冒险 做某事 at the risk of 冒 的危急 /风险at your own risk 自担风险21.survival n.幸存survive v. 幸存survivor n. 幸存者Of the

30、four people in the car accident,only one survived.Many customs have survived fromHe felt lucky to have survived22.possible, probable, likely 的用法名师归纳总结 It s possible that It s possible for sb to do第 7 页,共 8 页It s probable that sth is probable It s likely that .主语 +be likely to do - - - - - - -精选学习资料

31、- - - - - - - - - 23.prejudice n. 偏见pride and prejudice 高傲与偏见She has a prejudice against modern music. 她对现代音乐怀有偏见；They accused him of having a prejudice against his women employees. 他们指责他鄙视女雇员；A new law has been brought in to discourage racial 提出；24.judgement n. 判定judge v. 判定in ones judgement 依 判定prejudice. 一项反对种族鄙视的新法律已被judge.from / by 依 判定 judging by / from 在句中作状语 In my judgement , he is guilty. We can judge a book by its cover. Judging from his skin, he comes from Africa. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 8 页