2022年英语定语从句用法详解.docx
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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载英语定语从句用法详解在复合句中, 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句, 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词, 引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that 等和关系副词 where, when, why 等 ,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份;1.由 who 引导的定语从句中, who 用作主语, 如 : This is the boy who often helps me. 2.由 whom 引导的定语从句中,whom 用作宾语,如:The man whom you are waitin
2、g for has gone home. 3.由 whose 引导的定语从句中, whose 用作定语, 如 : Do you know the girl whose skirt is white. 4.由 which 引导的定语从句中,which 用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语,如:The room in which there is a machine is a work shop. The river which is in front of my house is very clean. This is the pen which you want. 留意 :1whom, whi
3、ch 用作介词宾语时, 介词可放在 whom、which 之前 , 也可放在从句原先的位置上; 但在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原先的位置上;如: He is the very person whom we must take good care of. 2引导非限制性定语从句时,必需用关系代词 my bag, which I like very much. which ,不用 that,如: I have lost 3关系代词在句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必需和先行词保持一样;5.由 that 引导的定语从句中,that 可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不
4、能放在介词后面作介词宾语,如:The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun. 留意在下面几种情形下必需用 that 引导定语从句;1先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything 等 , 如 :All that we have to do is to practise English. 2先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,如 The first letter that I got from him will be kept. 3先行词被 all, any
5、, every, each, few, little, no, some 等修饰, 如 Ive eaten up all the food that you gave me. 4先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时如 He is the only person that I want to talk with. 5先行词既有人又有物时,如 : They talked about persons and things that they met. 6当句中已有who 时 , 为防止重复, 如 : Who is the man that i
6、s giving us the class. 6.由 when, where, why 引导的定语从句,如 : I dont know the reason why he was late. This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. Ill never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time. 留意:先行词是表示地点时,假如从句的谓语动词是及物的,就用thatwhich ,假如从句的谓语动词是不及物的,就用 where 引导; This is the house Which
7、 /that he has lived in for 15 years.Where he has lived for 15 year. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载7. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1限制性定语从句是句中不行缺少的组成部分,主句和从句之间不用逗号分开;引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, of which等,这些关系代词都不能省略;2非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明, 没有这种从句, 不影响主句意思的完整 , 一般用逗号
8、把主句和从句分开, 关系代词用 which, 不用 that;指人时可用 who,如 :I have two brothers, who are both students. 8如何简化定语从句(1).定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语;如 : My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here.My grandfather lives in a village far away from here. This is a book that is worth reading.我祖父住在离这儿很远的一个村子;This
9、is a book worth reading. 这是一本值得看的书;(2) 定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语;The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.The man standing under the tree is our English teacher.站在树下面的那个人是我们的英语老师;I saw the house that was burning at that time. I saw the burning house at that time. 当时我看到那房子在燃烧;(3
10、)定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语;I like to see the films which are directed by Zhang Zhang Yimou. 我喜爱看张艺谋导演的电影;Yimou. I like to see the films directed by She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.She is the girl praised at the school meeting. 她就是在校会上受表彰的那个女孩;(4)定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语;He is always the first
11、person that comes to school.He is always the first person to come to school.他总是第一个到校;The report which will be given tomorrow is important to us. important to us. 明天要作的报告对我们很重要;(5)定语从句简化为 what 从句;The report to be given tomorrow is I couldnt remember the words that he said. I couldnt remember what he
12、said. 我记不得他说的话;【典型例题解析】例 1 The second book _I want to read is Business the Speed of Thought. A. which B. what C. that D. as 解析 先行词book 被序数词修饰时要用that 引导定语从句,应选C;例 2 Ill never forget the days _I stayed with you. A. when B. in which C. that D. for which 解析 此题指时间,应选 A;例 3 The book_ is sold out at the mo
13、ment. A. you need B. what you need C. which you need it D. that you need it 名师归纳总结 解析 B、C、D 中的 what 和 it 与先行 The book 相抵触, 应选A;第 2 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载例 4 Is this the place _Lincoln once lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when 解析 此题指地点,应选 C;例 5 Im one of the boys
14、_ never late for school. A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is 解析 此题中who 用作主语,谓语动词与先行词the boys 保持一样,应选B;【选讲例题】例 6 Her sister,_ you met at my home, was a teacher of English. A. whom B. that C. which D. who is 解析 非限制性定语从句中,关系代词用which, 不用 that,但指人时用who 或 whom.应选 A ;例 7 These book are for students _
15、 mother language is not English. A. of whom B. that C. which D. whose 解析 whose 引导的定语从句中,whose 用作定语,应选D;中学定语从句的用法和精练 一、定语从句的概念在复合句中, 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句;被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面;The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词定语从句昨天我在校门口观察的那个人是我的英语老师;二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句
16、的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who 宾格whom ,全部格 whose等,关系副词 where, when, why 等;关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分; I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. 先行词 关系代词 我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩;(关系代词作主语) The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive. 先行词关
17、系代词(关系代词作宾语)我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵; The woman whose name is Linda Brown is his mother. 先行词 关系代词 那个是他的母亲,名叫琳达 .布朗;(关系代词作定语) That is the house where my father used to live. (关系代词作状语)先行词 关系副词 那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子;三、关系代词的用法名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物;在从句
18、中作主语或宾语,作主语时不行省略,作宾语时可省略;例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜爱轻柔的音乐;that 作主语 The coat that I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的; that 作宾语 2. which 用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不行省略,作宾语可省略;例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火车站邻近的那座大楼是一家超市;作主语 The film w
19、hich we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看;作宾语 3. who, whom 都用于指人, who 用作主语, whom 用作宾语;在口语中,有时可用 who 代替 whom ,也可省略;例如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.常常在英语方面帮忙我的那个女孩是英国人;作主语 Who is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to. 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁 . 作宾语 小结: that 既可指人,也可指物,作主
20、语,不能省略;作宾语,可以省略;which 指物,作主语,不能省略;作宾语,可以省略;who指人,作主语,不能省略;作宾语(常用 whom ),可以省略;注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定;留意 1 当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which 可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“ 介词 + which/whom ” 结构;例如: This is the house in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的房子; Please tell me from whom you borrowe d the
21、 English novel. 请告知我你从谁那借的这本英文小说;2 含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不行前置,只能放在原先的位置上;例如:This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人;3 that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面;例如:The city that she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市特别远;4 关系词只能用 that 而不用 which 的情形:a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级 that ,而不用 w
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