2022年高中英语定语从句详解.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语定语从句详解 英语谚语观赏1. He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for nothing. 不懂装懂,一事无成 . 2. Its the first step that costs.千里之行,始于足下 3. He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf. 甘当小绵羊,迟早要喂狼 . . 概念：1 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句；定语从句一般紧接在先

2、行词 antecedent后面；2 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份；先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句；3 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词；关系词的作用：1 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词；2 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语）常用的关系代词 : that、 which 、 who 、whom 、whose、as 、but 文语 , 置于否定词之后=that/who not , 没有 不 , 在从句中作主语,宾语 常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why 、 where The student who answered

3、the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry. The boy whom you are talking to is my brother. Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；其次看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三挑选合适的关系词；. 几个关系代词的基本用法： that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语；指人时,相当于 who 或 whom；指物时,相当于 which 一般不用于非限制

4、性定语从句 ; 不行置于介词后作宾语 如：1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. 主语 2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now. 3. You can take anything that you like. （宾语）4. What is the question that/which they are talking about. 5. Here is the man who/whom/that you want to see. 6.

5、Shes no longer the girl that she used to be before. （表语）7. Our hometown is no longer the one that it used to be. = Our hometown is not the same as it used to be. = Our hometown is different from what it used to be；= Our hometown is not what it used to be. which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语；如：1. The book w

6、hich/that was on the desk was bought by my father. （主语）2. The book which/that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）3. The factory in which his father works is far from here. 4. He was proud, which his brother never was. （表语）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5. Tom spent f

7、our years in college, during which time he learned French. （定语）6. He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him. who, whom, whose: who: 主格 , 在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语 ; 只可指人 whom: 宾格,在从句中作宾语 ; 只可指人 whose: 属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物；I like the students who/that work hard. （主语）All who heard the story wer

8、e amazed. 代词如 he, they, any, those, all, one 等后多用 who. Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor. （宾语）Hes a man from whom we should learn. = Hes a man whom/who/that we should learn from. 比较： He is the student whom you think to be worthy of your praise. He is the stude

9、nt who you think is worth praising. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）Id like a room whose window faces south. （指物）=Id like a room of which the window faces south. =Id like a room the window of which faces south. There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of whose mouth t

10、ea is supposed to come : 关系代词作介词宾语 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时 , 介词可放于从句之首 , 也可放于从句之末 . 但以放 于句首较为正式 .（介词前置,必需留意不影响动词词组的含义；关系代词 who 和 that 用 作介词宾语时 , 介词必需放在句末 .）This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book that/which you asked for. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands I shook hands with. ？

11、= Do you know the person whom/who/that The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress with which nothing could compare until our information age. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week. I

12、s this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week. This is the girl whom they are looking after. look for, look after, take care of 等 介词 after 与 look 构成固定词组, 不行前置；look at, as 的用法 :as 引导定语从句 , 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语 如为限制性的, 多用于 the same as ; the same as；such as ; as many/much as；so as 等结构中；如： I hav

13、e the same book as you have. 我有一本和你的一样的书；Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. 关系代词 as和指示代词 same连用, 在从句中用作表语 , 先行词是 same. .-Why didnt you mention that in face of the police just now. - I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning. We will only discuss s

14、uch problems as have something to do with our own interests. Dont do such things as you are not sure about. There is no such place as you dream of in all this world. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 比较： I live in the same house that he used to live in. Im wearing the same shir

15、t as you wore yesterday. 比较： Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句）Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it. （结果状语从句）如为非限制性的,多单独引导一个定语从句,这种定语从句可置于句首,句中或句尾,译为 正如,这一点 ；（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc. ）As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health . as 作宾语 =As is known to a

16、ll, smoking is harmful to ones health . （as 作主语）=Its known to all that smoking is harmful to ones health . =Smoking is harmful to ones health , as we all know . （as 作宾语）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one health. 宾语 , 先行词是前面整个句子 He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. . 关系副词引导的定语从句 :

17、When 指时间, 在定语从句中作时间状语；其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）He came last night when I was out. We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better. 留意：先行词为 时间名词 ,可用 when 引导定语从句, when 在定语从句中作状语；仍可以 用 which 或 that 引导, which 或 that 在从句中作主语或宾语；比较 : I still remember th

18、e day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作状语）Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner. I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语）Next winter which/that youll spend in Harbin, Im sure, will be exciting. I shall never forget the day when Shen

19、Zhou life. was launched, which has a great effect on my There are occasions when joking is not permissible. Where 指地点, 在定语从句中作地点状语；其先行词是表示地点的名词,如：place, school, factory, room, etc. This is the place where I was born. I live in the room where /in which he used to live. 留意：先行词是 地点名词 ,定语从句可用 在从句中作主语或宾语

20、；where 引导,仍可用 which 或 that 引导,which/that 比较 : This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作状语）The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail. Governmen

21、t reports, legal papers and most business letters are the main situations where English is used. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where hes likely to lose control of the plane. The small mountain village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what /the place which is now part of Hub

22、ei. This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作宾语）Not having been there before, he simply had no idea about the place, which everyone says is worth visiting. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Why 指缘由,在定语从句中作缘由状语；先行词为reason 时,可用 for which 指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,就用 which 或

23、 that 引导；如：The reason why / for which / that he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill. I dont believe the reason that/which he gave me. （作宾语）Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success. （作主语）Ex. He was late .Thats because he got up late. .He got up late. Thats why he was late.

24、表语从句 the reason why/for which he was late. 定语从句 当先行词为 way 时,定语从句常用 that, in which, 或 how 引导, that 常可以省略；way 后的定语从句 的引导词不用时较多；但假如关系词在句中作主语或宾语 时,就用 which 或 that 引导；如 : This is the way that /in which I do such things. 比较 : Please do the experiment in the way （that/which ）I have shown you. . 限制性定语从句与非限制

25、性定语从句的区分：1. 形式上,非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开；2. 语法上,非限制性定语从句一般不用 that. 3. 语义上,限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密,起限定作用,假如去掉了这个定语从句,整个句子就不完整或者会转变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密,对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用；This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜爱的那本书；Beijing, which has been Chinas capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics.

26、北京是中国八百年之久的古都,它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产；4. 翻译时,限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为 句可译为两句； （见上句翻译）比较 : He has a sister, who is a musician. He has a sister who is a musician. 的字结构）；而非限制性定语从引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词,指人时用 who, whom, whose , 指物时用 which , whose; 关系副词 when,where, why, etc. 1. He studied hard at school when he was young, whic

27、h leads to his success in his later life. 2. Toms father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist. 3. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. 4. He was proud, which his brother never was. . 几个易混淆的关系代词的比较 : that & which: which 和 that 在指代事物时,一

28、般可以互换使用,但并非在任何情形下都 在定语从句中,是这样,这里介绍宜用 that, 而不宜用 which 的情形 . 先行词为不定代词 ,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one 等, 1.We should do all that is useful to the people . 2.Theres nothing that can be said about it . 3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday. 先行词被only, any, few, lit

29、tle, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时；1.The only thing that we could do was to wait. 2.Thats the very word that is wrongly used. The last place that we visited was the chemical works. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - You can take any =whichever seat that is free. I hope the little

30、that I can will be of some help to them. 比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year. *This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year. 先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时；1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake. 2.This is the third film that has

31、been shown in our school this term. 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时；1.This is the best that can be done now. 2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on. 先行词既有人又有物,用which 和 who 都不适合,这时宜用that. 如：1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well kn

32、own . 2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police. 被修饰词为数词时 . 1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive . 假如有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which , 另一个关系代词宜用that,以防止语言的单调或重复；Edison built up a factory which prod

33、uced things that had never been seen before. 疑问词是who 或 which ,关系代词宜用that,以防止重复；1. Which is the book that you like best. 2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate. 主句是 There be 结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用 1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free. that 作关系代词 . 如：被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该

34、关系代词宜用that . 1. Thats a good book that will help you a lot. 2. My home village is no longer the place that it used to be . 定语从句中宜用 which 而不宜用 that 的情形 : 当关系代词的前面有介词时 . 1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. 2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives. 在非限制性定语从句中 .

35、1.Crusoes dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died . 2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. which 指代主句 在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了 that, 另一个宜用which . 1. Let me show you the novel ,that I borrowed from the library which was

36、newly open to us. 2. At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them. 当关系代词后面带有插入语时 . 1. Heres the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English. 名师归纳总结 先行词本身是that, 宜用 which .

37、 第 5 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Whats that which she is looking at. 先行词是 those+复数名词 . A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. B who & that: who 和 that 指代人时,有些情形宜用 who, 而不宜用 that 先行词为 anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people 时. 如：1.The person I wan

38、t to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well. 2.Anyone who =Whoever failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason . 3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once 4.I dont like the ones = those who talk big. 5.Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.

39、 在 There be 结构中,修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词 1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you . who 指代人 . 如：2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses. 当先行词有较长的后置定语时 . 如：1. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well. 一

40、个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that ,另一个就宜用who, 以免重复 . 如：1. The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard . as & which: as & which 引导非限制性定语从句的区分：位置的不同：which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后； as 位置较敏捷,也就是说as 可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后；如：1. He was late again, which

41、 made his teacher very angry. 2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或 Jack is an honest man , as you know. 或 As you know, Jack is an honest man. 先行词的不同：as 引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词多为一个句子；which 引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词可以是一个词,一个短语或一个句子；He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行词是一个词）She was very patient towards

42、the children, which her husband seldom was. He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子）He is an honest man, as is known to all. He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent. as 一般译为 正如 就像 ,这一点 as we all know ；as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected; a

43、s we have imagined. 训练题汇总EX1. 用定语从句完成以下句子；1This is the most beautiful forest _ _我所见过的 . 2Dou Po Tang陡坡塘 Waterfall, _ 位于贵州省的 , is 105 meters wide and 21 meters high. 名师归纳总结 EX2 用适当的关系词填空. Have a try. . . 第 6 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1. I will never forget the day _ I first went to

44、 school. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. 2. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now. Ex3 挑选适当的代词填空,留意非限制性定语从句和单句的比较；1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book. 2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry. 3.He

45、 failed in the exam, _made his parents angry. 4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers. EX4 摸索 :用五种方式（定语从句）翻译句子 这是他工作的工厂；1. This is the factory he works. 2. This is the factory he works. 3. This is the factory he works in. 4. This is the factory he works i

46、n. 5. This is the factory he works in. EX5 摸索 : 介词 +关系代词的情形 介词 +关系代词的情形（1）The man whom you spoke was a scientist. The city she lives in is far away. 介词 +关系代词的情形（2）Are these two sentences right. The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist. The city that/which she lives in is far away. 介词 +关系代词的情形（3）Are