2022年高中生物必修一知识点总结5.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - promotion of empl right system and oyment, form a reasonabl e and orderly pattern of income use control, red line of delimitation of ecologi cal protedistribution, build a m ore fair and sustainable social se curity systems, me ction, resources pai d use system and ecologi c

2、al compensation system in e col ogical edical a nd health system reform. The ple nvironme nt prote ction management synary, i nnovation of social gover stem reform. Plenary sessionnance, must focus , centeri ng on buildion the maintena nce of fundamental interest s of the over whelming majority of t

3、he pe ng a listeni ng party command, can win and havi ng a fine style of the peoples army, a opl e, maximize factors, e strong army under the new nha nce social devel situation of the opme nt, improvi ng social gover nance, the interests party Goal s, restricti ng the development of natiof national

4、security, onal defense a nd army builensure that the ding is solved people live a nd w ork, social sta bility and order. outsta ndi ng contradi ctions and problems, innovation ao improve soci nd development al governa nce, stimulati of military theory, ng social orga nization, innovative a nd effect

5、ive system of preventi enhance military strategic gui dance, impr ove the military stti ng and resolvi ng social rategy in the new period, buildiconfli cts, improvi ng the public security system, set up the Nati ng a modern military force system wit h Chinese characteristiona l Security Council, nat

6、i onal security systems and nati onal security strategy to ensure nati cs. o deepe n the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army, military polional security. Plenary sessi on, the constr ucti on of ecologi cal civ cy and system reform, promote the devel opment of military and civilian iili

7、zation, you must esta ntegration deptblish systems of ecol ogical sy h. Ple na ry session stressed that stem, usi ng the system to protect the ecologi cal envir compre he nsive reform must be t o strengthen and improonment. o improve natural re v e the partys lea dership, give fulsour ces asset pr l

8、 play to the pr operty core r ole of the party commands the overall ll situation and coordinating all parties, improving the partys leading water . Margin. Challenged the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought by Deng Xiao-pings flag, replace d by three r

9、epresentatives and the e harmonic society. The former Communist Party spirit and social cohesion point of almost all political makeover. Characteristics of socialism public ownership is shifting to private ownership, planned regulation and market regulation, the proletarian regime controlled by the

10、elite. Of universal equality, fairness a a nd basic principles of distribution system is socialist society, however after economic monopolized by powerful, vested interests grow, employers do not have the same status, har dly seems fair social distribution. State key protection of capital interests

11、rather than the interests of citizens, had been hit s the bottom of the proletariat高中生物必修一知识点总结1、生命系统的结构层次：细胞组织器官系统（植物没有系统）个体种群群落生态系统生物圈细 胞：是生物体结构和功能的基本单位。除了病毒以外，所有生物都是由细胞构成的。细胞是地球上最基本的生命系统2、光学显微镜的操作步骤：对光低倍物镜观察移动视野中央（偏哪移哪）高倍物镜观察：只能调节细准焦螺旋；调节大光圈、凹面镜3、 细胞种类：根据细胞内有无以核膜为界限的细胞核，把细胞分为原核细胞和真核细胞注、原核细胞和真核细胞的

12、比较：、原核细胞：细胞较小，无核膜、无核仁，没有成形的细胞核；遗传物质（一个环状 DNA分子）集中的区域称为拟核；没有染色体，只有核糖体；有细胞壁（主要成分是肽聚糖）DNA 不与蛋白质结合， ；细胞器，成分与真核细胞不同。、真核细胞： 细胞较大， 有核膜、 有核仁、 有真正的细胞核；有一定数目的染色体（DNA与蛋白质结合而成） ；一般有多种细胞器。、原核生物：由原核细胞构成的生物。如：蓝藻、细菌（如硝化细菌、乳酸菌、大肠杆 菌、肺炎双球菌） 、放线菌、支原体等都属于原核生物。、真核生物：由真核细胞构成的生物。如动物(草履虫、变形虫)、植物、真菌（酵母菌、霉菌、粘菌）等。补：病毒的相关知识：1、

13、病毒（ Virus ）是一类没有细胞结构的生物体，病毒既不是真核也不是原核生物。主要特征：、个体微小，一般在1030nm之间，大多数必须用电子显微镜才能看见；、仅具有一种类型的核酸，、专营细胞内寄生生活； 、结构简单，一般由核酸（DNA 或 RNA ，没有含两种核酸的病毒；DNA 或 RNA ）和蛋白质外壳所构成。2、根据寄生的宿主不同，病毒可分为动物病毒、植物病毒和细菌病毒（即噬菌体）三大类。根据病毒所含核酸种类的不同分为DNA 病毒和 RNA 病毒。3、常见的病毒有： 人类流感病毒 （引起流行性感冒） 、SARS病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒 （HIV）引起艾滋病（ AIDS）、禽流感病毒、花叶病

14、毒等。4、蓝藻是原核生物，自养生物乙肝病毒、 人类天花病毒、狂犬病毒、烟草5、真核细胞与原核细胞统一性体现在二者均有细胞膜和细胞质6、虎克既是细胞的发现者也是细胞的命名者；细胞学说建立者是施莱登和施旺，细胞学说内容： 1、一切动植物都是由细胞构成的。2、细胞是一个相对独立的单位 3、新细胞可以从老细胞产生。细胞学说建立揭示了细胞的统一性和生物体结构的统一性。细胞学说建立过程，是一个在科学探究中开拓、继承、修正和发展的过程，充满耐人寻味的曲折7、组成细胞（生物界）和无机自然界的化学元素种类大体相同，含量不同8、组成细胞的元素大量无素： C、H、O、N、P、S、K、Ca、Mg微量无素： Fe、Mn

15、、B、Zn、Mo 、Cu 主要元素： C、H、O、N、P、S 基本元素： C 名师归纳总结 Obvi ously, face Chinas Sociali li st system, the 细胞干重中，含量最多元素为C，鲜重中含最最多元素为O on of par ty leaders on various occasions to Mao Ze-Dong and Mao Ze-Dongs t t hought of eval差异第 1 页，共 11 页统一性：构成生物体的元素在无机自然界都可以找到，没有一种是生物所特有的。Communist Party is not the party. I

16、n that case, politi cal chaos has been very tight. t. Is remodeling or reconstruction, is a correction or a stove. Whether to tur n right or left, is back to the source or put forward new political ideas. This is to determi i ne the r r oad probl ems in Chi na, is s also t he key out of the deep wat

17、er of the reform of the economic system. After 18, the new Central collective leadershi p attaches great importance t o political oientati on. First, the Central eight articles as a starting point, starting from the Centrall Governments self-restraint, which prea ches and pro-image, brought fresh fe

18、eling to the community. Secondl y, before reform and opening up and reform and opening two periods after non-negative, untying the tangle of the society a l l ong time on thi s issue. Third, a new generatiuation has r r oom for manoeuvre, through to the ruling ideol ogy of Ma o Zedong thoug ht, is t

19、 he calleadership began to make a left turn i n pol Comrades: today brings t ogether memberl of the itics. s, mainly in soul to the Socialist Revol ution and constr un However, as of right now, not only i deol order to provi de a platform to Exchange action. ogical nd lear mpty talk confusi on i r n

20、 from each s jeopardize nati onal i nterests a nd try agai n, is a n t he communit y, the new leadershi ps thi nking i other i n order t o facilitate our work. Just now, we focus n affirmation of Deng Xiao-pi ngs reform ideas messy. New lea ders both stre ssed t he ne on taxation, pla nni ng and sta

21、bilit. These strong political signal showied to impl ement the Constituti on, stressed t y, safety, proje ct constr uction, typi cal topics ng a ne w generati on of politi cal lea ders is still k eeping t o the S ociali st road. he nee d to tur n off the power in a cage. Also stresses that Ma o Zedo

22、ng thought s such as private facts prese ntation and interacti on, and towns currently exist in the inFour is revisiting t he talking to Maocannot be lost, 30 years after the reform and -de pth a nalysis of the problems to Ze-Dongs historiope ning up 30 year be solved, to ex plorcal cycle of high pr

23、 ofile aar s ago ca n not deny ea e new methods t o solve tti ch he pr -corruption and the imothe r. Both adv ocate r oblem. It can be sportance of the Constit ution, reordemocracy and release seven does ai d that summing up t he achievement, a nization is bad style of ofnot speak of files of politi

24、cal no grandstanding ; analy icial y sidom, constraints. s a s to civilizs. Neither peodeny tle obey t he la w , while impr oving t he colorhe hist ory of the CPC Central Committee on several icha nge of the regim e of vigilance. Five is to reform into dee per waters a nd stresse d that top-l evel d

25、e sign, t his is a review on t he reform and openi ng up in t he pa st, is al so l ooking for a way out. Six foreign and Russia closer, t he flexibl e attitude on t he issue of the Korea n pe ninsula, Sino-Japa nesssues . fishi ng hardline China on the island out of the patient and low profile sha d

26、ow began to gradually pln development. Signs show t hat the new - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - promotion of empl right system and oyment, form a reasonabl e and orderly pattern of income use control, red line of delimitation of ecologi cal protedistribution, build a m ore fair and sustainable

27、 social se curity systems, me ction, resources pai d use system and ecologi cal compensation system in e col ogical edical a nd health system reform. The ple nvironme nt prote ction management synary, i nnovation of social gover stem reform. Plenary sessionnance, must focus , centeri ng on buildion

28、the maintena nce of fundamental interest s of the over whelming majority of the pe ng a listeni ng party command, can win and havi ng a fine style of the peoples army, a opl e, maximize factors, strong army under thnha nce social devel e new situation of the opme nt, improvi ng social gover nance, t

29、he interests party Goal s, restricti ng the development of natiof national security, onal defense a nd army builensure that the ding is solved people live a nd w ork, social sta bility and order. outsta ndi ng contradi ctions and problems, innovation ao improve soci nd development al governa nce, st

30、imulati of military theory, ng social orga nization, innovative a nd effective system of preventi enhance military strategic gui dance, impr ove the milit ary strategy in the ng and resolvi ng social new period, buildiconfli cts, improvi ng the public security system, set up the Nati ng a modern mil

31、itary force system wit h Chinese characteristiona l Security Council, nati onal security systems and nati onal security strategy to ensure nati cs. o deepe n the adjustment of personnel system reform in the army, military polional security. Plenary sessi on, the constr ucti on of ecologi cal civ cy

32、and system reform, promote the devel opment of military and civilian iilization, you must esta ntegration deptblish systems of ecol ogical sy h. Ple na ry session stressed that stem, usi ng the system to protect the ecologi cal envir compre he nsive reform must be t o strengthen and improonment. o i

33、mprove natural re v e the partys lea dership, give fulsour ces asset pr l play to the pr operty core r ole of the party commands the overall ll situation and coordinating all parties, improving the partys leading water . Margin. Challenged the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Marxism-Leni

34、nism and Mao Zedong thought by Deng Xiao-pings flag, replace d by three representatives and the e harmonic society. The former Communist Party spirit and social cohesion point of almost all political makeover. Characteristics of socialism public ownership is shifting to private ownership, planne d r

35、egulation and market regulation, the proletarian regime controlled by the elite. Of universal equality, fairness a a nd basic principles of distribution system is socialist society, however after economic monopolized by powerful, vested interests grow, employers do not have the same status, har dly

36、seems fair social distribution. State key protection of capital interests rather than the interests of citizens, had been hit s the bottom of the proletariat性：组成生物体的元素在生物体体内和无机自然界中的含量相差很大。9、生物（如沙漠中仙人掌）鲜重中，含量最多化合物为水，干重中含量最多的化合物为蛋白质。10、（1）还原糖（葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖）可与斐林试剂反应生成砖红色沉淀；脂肪可与苏丹 III 染成橘黄色（或被苏丹 试剂产生紫色反应。I

37、V 染成红色）；淀粉（多糖）遇碘变蓝色；蛋白质与双缩脲（2）还原糖鉴定材料不能选用甘蔗（3）斐林试剂必须现配现用（与双缩脲试剂不同，双缩脲试剂先加A 液，再加 B 液）11、蛋白质由 C、H、O、N 元素构成，有些含有P、SR 蛋白质的基本组成单位是氨基酸，氨基酸结构通式为NH2 CCOOH，各种氨基酸的区H 别在于 R 基的不同。 氨基酸 约 20 种 结构特点： 每种氨基酸分子至少都含有一个氨基（NH2）和一个羧基（COOH），并且都有一个氨基和一个羧基连接在同一个碳原子上，这个碳原子还连接一个氢原子和一个侧链基因。12、两个氨基酸脱水缩合形成二肽，连接两个氨基酸分子的化学键（ NHCO）

38、叫肽键。多 肽：由三个或三个以上的氨基酸分子缩合而成的链状结构。肽 链：多肽通常呈链状结构，叫肽链。13、有关计算 : 脱水缩合中， 脱去水分子 的个数 = 形成的 肽键个数 = 氨基酸个数n 肽链 条数 m 蛋白质分子量 = 氨基酸分子量 氨基酸个数 - 水的个数至少含有的羧基（COOH）或氨基数（ NH2） = 肽链数 18 14、蛋白质多样性原因：构成蛋白质的氨基酸种类、数目、排列顺序千变万化，多肽链盘曲折叠方式千差万别。15、蛋白质的主要功能（生命活动的主要承担者）： 构成细胞和生物体的重要物质，即结构蛋白，如羽毛、头发、蛛丝、肌动蛋白； 催化作用：如绝大多数酶；传递信息，即调节作用：

39、如胰岛素、生长激素； 免疫作用： 如免疫球蛋白（抗体） ； 运输作用：如红细胞中的血红蛋白。16、氨基酸结合方式是脱水缩合：一个氨基酸分子的羧基（氨基（ NH2）相连接，同时脱去一分子水，如图：COOH）与另一个氨基酸分子的H O H 酶H H NH2CC OH + HN CCOOH H2O+NH2CCNCCOOH H R2R1R1 O H R217、核酸的结构和功能核酸 由 C、H、O、N、P 5 种元素构成 基本单位：核苷酸 (8 种) 结构：一分子磷酸、一分子五碳糖（脱氧核糖或核糖）、一分子含氮碱基（有 5 种） A、T、C、G、U 构成 DNA 的核苷酸：（4 种）构成 RNA 的核苷

40、酸：（4 种）Obvi ousl功能核酸是细胞内携带遗传信息的载体，在生物的遗传、变异和蛋白质的生物合成中具有s room for manoeuvre, through to the ruling 极其重要的作用，是一切生物的遗传物质。核酸包括两大类：一类是脱氧核糖核酸，简称DNA；一类是核糖核酸，简称RNA。y, face Chinas Socialist system, the Communist Party is not the party. In that case, political chaos has been very tight. Is remodeling or recon

41、struction, is a corre ction or a stove. Whether to t t urn right or left, is back to the source or put forward new political ideas. This is to determine the road probl ems in China, is also the key out of the deep water of the reform of the economic system. After 18, the new Central collective leade

42、rship attaches great importance to political or or ientation. First, the Central eight articles as a starting poi nt, starting from the Central Governments self-restraint, which preaches and pro-image, brought fresh feeling to the community. Secondly, before reform and opening up and reform and open

43、ing tw o periods after non-negative, untying the tangle of the society a long time on this issue. Third, a new generation of party leaders on various occasions to Mao Ze-Dong and Mao Ze -Dongs thought of evaluation ha名师归纳总结 ideol ogy of Mao Ze e dong thought, is the call of the soul to the Socia ia

44、list Revoluti ti on and constructi i on. Em pty talks jeopardize national interests and try again, is an affirmation of Deng Xiaoo-pi ngs reform ideas. These strong political signal showi ng a new generation of political lea ea ders is sti ti ll keeping to the Socialist road. Four is revisiting the

45、talking to Mao Ze-Dongs historical cycle of high profile anti-corruption and t he importance of the Constitution, reorganization is bad style of officialdom, was to civilize people obey the law, while improving t he color change of the regime of vigilance. Five is to reform into deeper waters and stressed that top-level design, this is a review on the reform and opening up in the past, is