2022年高中英语状语从句用法详解文档.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载状语从句用法详解在主从复合句中修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫状语从句；一般可分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、缘由状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句；I 时间状语从句 ：起时间状语作用的从句；（时间状语从句位置敏捷,可以在句首,也可在句末）常用来引导时间状语从句的引导词有：when, while, as, after, before , until/till, since, as soon as, immediately, the moment, every t

2、ime, whenever 等；1. when, while, as 1 when“ 当 .的时候” ,表示主从句的谓语动作同时发生或先后紧接着发生；I was very happy when I heard from you. 收到你的信时我特别兴奋；When you deal with them, you should be cautious. 跟他们打交道时,你应当谨慎；when 引导时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以用非连续性动词,也可用连续性动词；When I was young, I went to town myself. 当我仍年轻时,我自己独自去城里；（连续性动词）When I l

3、ived in country, I used to carry some water for him. 我住在农村时,常常为他担水；（连续性动词）When he received the letter, hell tell us. 当他接到信后,他会告知我们的；（非连续性动词）When the fire broke out, all the students were sleeping soundly. 火灾发生时,全部的同学正在熟睡；（非连续性动词）留意： 当 when 引导的时间状语从句为系表结构,而且其主语和主句的主语一样,其表语又是一个名词时,就可以用由as 引导的省略句来代替whe

4、n 引导的从句；如：As a young man （=When he was a young man）, he was fond of hunting. 他年轻时喜爱打猎；2）while 引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词必需是连续性动词或表示状态的动词,侧重主句 动作和从句动作相对比；My father was preparing a report while I was playing games. 爸爸在预备一个报告,而我在玩嬉戏；Please dont talk so loud while others are working. 别人在工作时,别高声谈话；3） as 表示从句和主句的两个动作

5、交替进行或同时发生,可译为“ 一边 .,一边 .”或“ 随着 .” ；He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 他匆忙忙忙回家去,一边走一边回头望；As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越温和了；而从句用连续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在 留意：假如主句表示的是短暂动作,进行的动作,此时 when, while 与 as可互换使用；When/ While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an o

6、ld friend of mine. 当我沿大街行走时,碰巧遇到了我的一个老伴侣；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载2. till, until 和 not. until 1）确定句：主句的谓语动词必需是连续性动词,主句、从句都为确定式,意为“ 某动作 始终连续到某时间点才停止”；He remained there until/ till she arrived. 他在那始终等到她来；You may stay here until/ till the rain stops. 你可以待在这里直到雨停

7、；2）否定句：主句的谓语动词必需是非连续性动词,从句为确定式,意为“ 某动作直到某时间才开头”；构成 not.until/till ,意为“ 直到.才” ；She didnt go to bed until I come back. 你必需留在这儿直到我回来；Dont worry. We wont set off until you arrive. 不要担忧,你到了我们再动身；3）till 不行以置于句首,而 until 可以；Until you told me the news, I had no idea of it. 直到你告知我,我才知道这个消息；4）not.until 句型中的强调和

8、倒装用法；直到你告知我,我才知道这件事；强调句型： It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. 倒装句型： Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. （ not until 置于句首,主句要用部分倒装结构）Not until the clock struck 12 did she realize she must go home at once. 直到钟敲了 12 下,她才意识到她必需立刻回家了；3. before 1）before 作“ 没有来得及.就” “ 未 .就”

9、 “ .就.” 解时,强调主句谓语动词表示的动作发生得过早或过快；Someone called me up in the night, but they hung up before I could answer the phone. 有人半夜给我打电话,但我仍将来得及接他们就把电话挂了；They had talked only a few minutes before they found they were quite different in opinion. 他们才谈了几分钟就发觉他们的看法很不一样；2）before 作“.才.” 解时,强调从句谓语动词表示的动作发生得太慢或太晚；Th

10、e bus driver almost knocked me down before he saw me. 那位公交车司机差一点把我撞倒,他才观察我；The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters were able to control it. 大火连续了大约四个小时,消防员才把火掌握住；3）before 可译为“ 趁”“ 以免” “ 以防” 等；Ill do it before I forgot it. 趁仍没有忘,我现在就把这事做了；Wed better finish the work in time before the

11、 boss scolds us. 我们最好按时完成工作,免得挨老板骂；4）before 可译为“ （宁可 .而）不愿” ；Hed die before he apologizes to them. 他宁死也不向他们赔礼；Id give up the plan before I turn to him for help. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载我宁可舍弃方案也不向他求助；留意：“ It + be + 一段时间 + before 从句” 中的主句和从句的时态有两种情形：假如主句用一般将来时

12、,就从句用一般现在时,意为“ 多长时间以后某事即将发生”；It wont be long before we meet again. 不久我们就会再见的；假如主句用过去时,从句也用过去时,意为“ 多长时间以后某事才发生”；It was 3 years before he came back from abroad. 三年后他才从国外回来；4. since 译为“ 自从 .”,主句常用现在完成时,从句常用一般过去时；1）如 since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时,就从句表示的时间是“ 从动 作开头的那一刻起”,这种情形比较常见；He has studied very hard sin

13、ce he came to our school. 自从他来到我们学校,他学习就特别努力；2）如 since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是连续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时,就从 句表示的时间是“ 从那连续动作或状态终止时算起”；I havent heard any noise since I slept. 我醒后仍未听到任何声音；（sleep 为连续性动词,该动作终止时,即“ 醒来” 时）He has written to me frequently since I was ill. 自从我病愈以来,他多次给我写信；（从句谓语为状态动词）He has written to me frequent

14、ly since I fell ill. 自从我生病以来,他就多次给我写信；（从句谓语为终止性动词）5. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner. than. , hardly/scarcely. when.和 once（一 .就）这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作立即就发生,常译作“ 一 .就 .” ；从句中用一般时态代替将来时态；The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was

15、coming. 我一听到那个声音,我就知道父亲来了；No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. 我们一到车站,火车就离站了；The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭；留意： no sooner.than; hardly. when. 这一结构的时态搭配：no sooner 与 hardly 引导的句子的谓语动词应用过去完成时,而 than 与 when 引导的句子的谓语动词应用一般过去时；此外：当把 no sooner

16、 和 hardly 提到句首时,应用倒装语序；I had hardly got home when it began to rain. Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 我一到家天就下起雨来；6. every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time 等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句,表示“ 每当.；每次 .；下次 .” 等；Every/ Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out

17、. 每当我处于困境,他就会来帮忙我；Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载下次你来的时候,肯定记着把你儿子带来；The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed. 上次她观察詹姆斯的时候,他正躺在床上；7. 名词性短语充当连词引导时间状语从句 表示时间的名词短语也可以引导时间状语从句,且意义丰富,如：any time 任何时候都 by the

18、time 到 .时候every time/ each time 每当 .时the frist time 第一次 .时I think of the things and the people when we studied there every time I go by my mother School. 每当我经过母校时都会想起我们在那儿学习时的事情和人们；II 地点状语从句： 在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句,可置于句首、句中或句尾；地点状语从句常用的引导词有 nowhere 等；where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, Make marks wh

19、ere you have questions. 在有问题的地方作出标记；You can go anywhere you like. 你可以到你想去的任何地方；Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成；留意：地点状语从句与定语从句的区分 where 引导定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示地点的词作先行词；而状语从句前就无需用先行词；Go back where you came from. 你从何处来回何处去； （where 引导地点状语从句）Go back to the village where you came from. 回到你来的那个村子里去

20、；（where 引导定语从句,修饰village ）Youd better make a mark where you have any questions. （状语从句）Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.（定语从句）where 引导的地点状语从句一般可以转化为定语从句,只要在 where 前加上“ to/in/from+the place/places/any places 等” 结构即可；III 让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有although, though, as, even if,

21、even though, while, whether.or., whether. or not, whatever, no matter what/ how/ why 等；1. though/although 引导的让步状语从句1）although 和 though 意义相同,都意为“ 虽然,即使”,表示让步,一般情形下可互换使用,区分在于 although 语气较重,大多置于句首；2）though/ although 引导让步状语从句时,但不行显现 but；主句如用 yet 或 still 引出,更加强调对比性,3）though 引导的从句可以把表语、状语、动词等提至句首；在 as tho

22、ugh, even though 中一般不行用 although 代替；同时 although 不行当副词用,而 though 就可；Although its raining, they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活；Short though it is, the article is very important. 那篇文章虽然很短,但很重要；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载留意： though 仍可用作副词,意为“ 可是,然而

23、”,置于句末；He said he would come; he didnt, though. 他说他会来,可是没有来；2. even though/ even if 引导的让步状语从句 这两个短语表示语气更强的让步,常常意为“ 再退一步说”；even though 更强调对“ 既成事实” 的让步：Even though he is poor, she loves him. = He is poor, yet she loves him. 尽管他很穷,但她仍是爱他；even if 就强调对“ 假设” 的让步；Even if he is poor, she loves him. = He may

24、 be poor, yet she loves him. 即使他很穷,但她仍是爱他；3. as 引导的让步状语从句as引导让步状语从句时,从句中的表语、 状语以及谓语中的实义动词需提前至从句句首,作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词,冠词需要省去；Child as/ though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. = Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 虽然他是一个孩子,但他知道该做什么；Much as/ though I like it, I wo

25、nt buy it, for its too expensive. 虽然我很喜爱它,但我不会买,由于它太贵了；Try as you may, you will never succeed. 你尽管试,但你绝不会胜利的；留意： though 引导的从句也可以像as 引导的从句一样用倒装语序,但是 although 引导的从句只能用正常语序；Smart though/ as she is, she doesnt study hard. Though she is smart, she doesnt study hard. Although she is smart, she doesnt stud

26、y hard. 4. whether. or/ whether . or not 引导的让步状语从句whether. or/ whether . or not 表示“ 不论是否”“ 不管是 .仍是” 之意；该复合连词引导的让步状语从句表示正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果；Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy. 不管你忙不忙,都必需要参与这个典礼；Whether you believe it or not, its true. 无论你是否信任,这都是真的；5. while 引导的让步状语从句whil

27、e 也可以引导让步状语从句,表示“ 尽管”的让步状语从句一般要位于句首；While I like the color, I dont like the shape. 我虽然喜爱那颜色,但不喜爱那外形；,比 though/ although 语气弱； while 引导While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you. 虽然我懂得你的意思,但我仍是不同意；6. what-ever 类词引导的让步状语从句 在英语中, wh-ever 类词可作疑问词,也可引导名词性从句,仍可引导让步状语从句；这类词在引导让步状语从句常常可换成 用 wh-ev

28、er 类词；“ no matter+wh- 词” ,但在引导名词性从句时只能名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载Ill wait for you however no matter how late it is. 不管有多晚我都会等着你；Whoever No matter you are, you must keep the law. 不管你是谁,你都要遵纪守法；留意：“ no matter+疑问词” 结构只能引导让步状语从句,而 性从句或其他状语从句；Ill eat whatever you gi

29、ve me. wh-ever 类词仍可以引导名词你给我吃什么,我就吃什么；（what 引导宾语从句）Whoever comes will be welcome. 不管谁来都受到欢迎； （whoever 引导主语从句）IV 缘由状语从句在主句中作缘由状语的从句称为缘由状语从句,可置于句首,也可置于句尾；引导缘由状语从句的常用词可分为两类：单词引导如because, as, since等,短语引导如now that, for the reason that, in that, seeing that 等；1. because, as, since用法 这三词都有“ 由于” 之意,但用法和详细内涵各

30、异；1）because语气最强,用以回答why 引起的提问,可表示已知或未知的事实；它可和强调词 only, merely, just 及否定词 not 连用,所引导的从句常位于主句之后,只有强 调时才置于主句之前；它仍可用于强调结构；She was afraid to move because a snake was lying beside her. 她不敢动弹,由于一条蛇就躺在她旁边； Why did they fail. 他们为什么失败？ It was because they didnt do their best. 由于他们没尽力；2）as语气弱,较口语化,所表达的缘由比较明显,或

31、是已知的事实,故不需要强调；as从句之前不行用强调词和not,且不行用于强调结构,as从句多置于主句之前；As he was in a hurry, he left his bag home. 由于他太匆忙才把包丢在家里了；As it was a public holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于这是一个公共假日,全部商店都关门了；3）since 的语气比较弱,常表示对方已知的事实,往往相当于汉语的“ 既然”；它和 as since 从句多置于主句之前；一样,其前亦不行用强调词和 not,不行用于强调结构,Since Monday is Bobs birth

32、day, lets give him a party. 既然星期一是鲍勃的生日,咱们举办一个宴会吧；Since you are free tonight, why not drop in and play chess with me. 既然你今晚没事,为什么不来和我下棋呢？留意：上述三个词为从属连词,而for 是一个并列连词；for 有时可用来作附加说明,必须把其引起的句子放在某一句子之后；We should be more careful, for it is already dark. 天已晚了,我们应更当心些；2. now that 的用法 now that 主要用于口语, 表示柔弱的缘

33、由, 主、从句的因果关系不明显,常译为“ 既然” ；that 有时可以省略；Now that you have come, you may as well stay. 既然你已经来了,最好留下来；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载Now that everything is settled, I have no reason here. 既然事情办完了,我就没有理由留在这儿了；3. for the reason that 的用法 that 后是一个同位语从句,说明说明 reason的内容；I of

34、ten go to the concert for the simple reason that I love music. 我常常去听音乐会,缘由很简洁,那就是我喜爱音乐；For the reason that I havent worked hard, Ill have to cram before the coming examinations. 由于平常不努力,考试前我只好暂时抱佛脚；4. in that 的用法 这个短语常用于书面语中,表示“ 由于某种缘由”；The experiment is worth trusting in that it is based on scienti

35、fic facts. 这个试验值得信任,由于它是建立在科学事实基础上的；I like the city, but I prefer the country in that theres fresher air. 我喜爱城市,但我更喜爱乡村,由于那里有更清爽的空气；5. that 后的从句 be happy that, be surprised that 等中的 that 从句有时也被认为是缘由状语从句；Im sorry that I havent done so much as I should. 对不起我没有做我该做的那么多；We feel proud that our country is

36、 getting stronger and stronger. 我们为我们的国家越来越强大而感到骄傲；V 方式状语从句 as, as 在主句中作方式状语的从句称为方式状语从句；方式状语从句常用的引导词有 if/though 等；1. as 引导方式状语从句；You must do the experiment as I do. 你要像我这样做试验；You are fine just as you are. 你现在这样子就好极了；2. as if/ though 引导方式状语从句；1）as if/ though 引导的方式状语从句所表示的情形是事实或具有很大可能性时,通常用陈 述语气；She c

37、losed her eyes as if she was tired. 她闭上了眼睛似乎累了； （事实,谓语用陈述语气）2）假如从句所表示的情形不是事实,而是主观的想象或夸张性的比如,通常用虚拟语气；（现在的情形用过去的时态,过去的情形用过去完成时；）They completely ignore these facts as if/ though they never existed. 他们完全忽视了这些事实,就似乎它们从未存在过；）（与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气；留意： as if/though 也可以引导一个分词短语,不定式短语或无动词短语；He stared at me as if see

38、ing me for the first time. 他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次观察我试的；He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的；The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载波涛冲击着岩石,似乎很愤慨；VI 条件状语从句在主句中作条件状语的从句称为条件状语从句；引导条件状语从句的常用引导词有if, unless, as/ so l

39、ong as, once, in case, on condition that, supposing that, providing that, provided that, given that 等；留意：在条件状语从句中, 通常用一般现在时表示一般将来时,现在完成时表示将来完成时；1. if 引导的条件状语从句一般过去时表示过去将来时,if 是引导条件状语从句最常用的连词,表示在某种条件下很可能发生某事；If you ask him, he will help you. 假如你请他帮忙,他会帮你的；If you fail in the exam, you will let him dow

40、n. 假如你考试不及格,你会让他扫兴的；2. unless引导的条件状语从句 unless 意为“ 除非,如不”；You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier. 除非你早点动身,否就你就不能准时赶到那儿；Unless it rains, the game will be played. 除非下雨,否就竞赛将照常进行；3. on condition that 引导的条件状语从句 on condition that 引导的条件从句是主句大事发生的前提条件或唯独条件,意为“ 在 . 条件下” ；I can tell yo

41、u the truth on condition that you promise to keep it a secret. 我可以告知你真相,条件是你答应保守隐秘；I will do it on condition that you help me. 只要你肯帮忙我,我就情愿做此事；4. supposing/ provided 等引导的条件状语从句 supposing/ proving/ provided/ given that 可以用作连词,意为“ 假如”,引导的条件从句表 示一种假设条件；Supposing that it rains, shall we continue the spo

42、rts meeting. 假如下雨,我们的运动会仍要连续进行吗？Providing/ Supposing/ Given/ Provided that you promise not to tell anyone else, Ill tell you The details. 只要你保证不告知任何人,我就把细节告知你；5. in case引导的条件状语从句 in case 引导的条件状语从句常放在主句前,表示“ 假如,假使”；In case he comes, tell him to wait a while. 假如他来了,让他等一下；In case anything important hap

43、pens, please call me up. 万一发生什么重要事情,请给我打电话；6. as/ so long as引导的条件状语从句 as/ so long as 意思是“ 只要”；So long as youre happy, it doesnt matter what you do. 只要你兴奋,你做什么都没关系；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载As/ So long as we dont lose heart, well overcome any difficulty. 只要我们不灰

44、心,我们就会克服一切困难；7. once引导的条件状语从句once 是从属连词,引导条件状语从句,意为“ 一旦,一 Once virtue is lost, all is lost. 一旦道德丢失了,什么都丢失了；Once you show any fear, the dog will attack you. 一旦你露出怯意,这条狗就会扑向你；VII 目的状语从句 在主句中作目的状语的从句称为目的状语从句；.就” ,从句可置于主句前或后；常用来引导目的状语从句的有 so, so that, in order that, for fear that, in case that, for the

45、purpose that, lest 等；1. in order that, so that 引导的目的状语从句两个连词都意为“ 以便.；为了 .” ,它们引导的状语从句中需要用情态动词,如may/ might/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ can/ could 等；They carved the words on the stone so that/ in order that the future generation should/ might remember what they had done. 他们把名字刻在石头上以便后代能记住他们的所作所为；in order that 常用于正式文体,引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或