2022年高中英语定语从句讲解及练习3.docx

《2022年高中英语定语从句讲解及练习3.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年高中英语定语从句讲解及练习3.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语定语从句讲解及练习定语从句是高中重点学问,也是高考常考点,大家也不简单把握,这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的 定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句判定关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容,有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词；定语从句通常出 现在先行词之后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出；关系代词有： who, whom, whose, that, which 等；关系副词有： when, where, why 等；18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名

2、词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分；关系代词 在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一样；1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语；例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you. 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that 在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人；（whom/that 在从句中作宾语）2）whose 用来指人或物,（只用作定语 , 如指物,它仍可以同 of which 互换）；

3、例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose （of which ） cover is green.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙；请递给我那本绿皮的书；3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等；例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村显现了前所未有的富强；（which / that

4、在句中作宾语）The package （which / that ）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了； （which / that 在句 中作宾语）18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语；1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于 介词 + which 结构,因此经常和 介词 + which 结构交替使用； 例如：There are occasions when （on which ） one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候；Beij

5、ing is the place where （in which ） I was born. 北京是我的诞生地；Is this the reason why （for which ） he refused our offer.这就是他拒绝我们帮忙他的理由吗？2）that 代替关系副词, 可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代 when, where, why 和 介+which引导的定语从句,在口语中 that 常被省略；例如：His father died the year （that / when / in which ） he was born.他父亲在他诞生那年逝世了；He i

6、s unlikely to find the place （ that / where / in which ） he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方；18.3 判定关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词,仍是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词；及物动词后面无宾语,就必需要求用关系代词；而不及物动词就要求用关系副词；例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村；Ill never forget the days when I worked togethe

7、r with you. 我永久不会遗忘与你共事的日子；判定改错：（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which ） I visited last year. （对）Ill never forget the days （which ） I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关

8、系副词where, when 联系在一起；此两题错在关系词的误用上；名师归纳总结 方法二：精确判定先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状）,也能正确挑选出关系代词/关第 1 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 系副词；例 1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age. A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one 例 2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on

9、which D. the one 例 1 变为确定句：This museum is _ you visited a few days ago. 例 2 变为确定句：This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句 1 中,所缺部分为宾语,而 where, that, on which 都不能起到宾语的作用,只有 the one 既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选 D；而句 2 中 , 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词 where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词 in + which

10、 引导地点状语；而此题中,介词 on 用的不对,所以选 A ；关系词的挑选依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时, 挑选关系代词 （who, whom, that, which, whose ）；先行词在从句中做状语时,因状语）；18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句应挑选关系副词 （where 地点状语, when 时间状语, why 原1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种；限制性定语从句是先行词不行缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不 明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开； 例如：This is the house whic

11、h we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子；（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很美丽,是我们上个月买的；（非限制性）2）当先行词是专出名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的；例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理 .史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师；My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely

12、garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个美丽的花园；This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍；3）非限制性定语从句仍能将整个主句作为先行词 , 对其进行修饰 , 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数；例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他好像没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦；Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.

13、 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发；说明：关系代词that 和关系副词why 不能引导非限制性定语从句；18.5 介词 +关系词1）介词后面的关系词不能省略；2）that 前不能有介词；3）某些在从句中充当时间,地点或缘由状语的 介词 +关系词 结构可以同关系副词when 和 where 互换；例如 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子；Do you remember the day on which you joine

14、d our club. 仍记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？Do you remember the day when you joined our club. 18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句由 as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和 which 可代整个主句,相当于and this 或 and that； As一般放在句首,which 在句中 ；例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 如我们所知,吸烟有害健康；The sun heats the earth, which is very important t

15、o us. 太阳使地球暖起来,这对我们人类很重要；典型例题1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. 名师归纳总结 A. itB. thatC. whichD. he that 修饰,而用which. ,it 和 he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的第 2 页,共 7 页答案 C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 句子不能单以逗号连接；况且选 he 句意不通；2）The weather turned out to be very good,

16、 _ was more than we could expect. A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it 答案 B；which 可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what 不行； That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it 不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通；3）It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park. A. thatB. whichC. asD. it 答案 B. as 和 which 在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句

17、中都可以作主语和宾语；但不同之处主要有两点：（ 1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而 which 不行；（ 2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必需是系动词；如为行为动词,就从句中的关系代词只能用which. ；在此题中, prevent 由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B；as 的用法例 1. the same as； such as 中的 as 是一种固定结构, 和 一样 ；例如：I have got into the same trouble as he （has）. 我遇到了跟他一样的麻烦；例 2. as 可引导非限制性从句,常带有 正如 ；例如：As w

18、e know, smoking is harmful to ones health. As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health. 如我们所知,吸烟有害健康；As 是关系代词；例1 中的 as 作 know 的宾语；例2 中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know 要用被动式；18.9 关系代词 that 的用法1）不用 that 的情形 a） 引导非限定性定语从句时；例如：（错） The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b） 介词后不能用；例如： We depe

19、nd on the land from which we get our food. 我们依靠土地获得食物；We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 2） 只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情形a）在 there be 句型中,只用that ,不用 which ；等作先行词时, 只用 that ,b）在不定代词, 如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little不用 which. c）先行词有 the only, the very 修饰时,只用 that

20、 ；d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用 that ；. e）先行词既有人,又有物时；例如：All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题；Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 定语从句那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察；1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. 名师归纳总结 A. Which B. where C. what D. in which D. th

21、at I spoke 第 3 页,共 7 页2.Do you know the man _. C. I spoke to A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed C. where they stayed at B. at that they stayed D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist P

22、arty was founded. A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are

23、working. A. where B. that C. which D. there D. by which 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day. A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that y

24、ou talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom

25、 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country. A. who B. whos C. which D. whose D. which 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A.

26、who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. C. such novels D. same novels A. the novels B. the s

27、uch novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. wh

28、om D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. 名师归纳总结 A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 第 4 页,共 7 页24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 25.Last summer we visited the West

29、Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TVA. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on

30、which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ D. for which 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked C. that I have looked af

31、ter B. which I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B.which C.f

32、or which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of tr

33、ouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. /

34、B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened. - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm

35、with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C.

36、to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn. A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house. A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _ some German friends visited

37、last week. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of

38、 them C. neither of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up. D. none of which A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 参考答案一 单项挑选定语从句 15 A C A B A 610 B C C A D 1115 C B D D A 1620 D C A B B 2126 B B B A D D 参考答案及解析 1. A. which 用作关系代词,在定语从句中作主语；2C. 和谁讲话 ”要说 speak to sb. 此题全句应为 作介词 to 的宾语

39、,可以省略；Do you know the man whom I spoke to. ；whom 是关系代词,3. D. where 是关系副词,表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语；4. C. when 是关系副词,表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语；5A. which 是关系代词,在从句中作 6C. 解析同第 5 题；7. A. 解析见第 3 题；forget 的宾语；其他几个答案都不能作宾语；8. A. 本句话的先行词应当是 films, 因此,关系代词 that 是负数概念,其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态 have been shown；假如句中的 one 前面使用了定冠词 the,就 the

40、 one 应当视为先行词；9. A. 谈到某事物 ”应说 talk about sth. ；about 是介词,其后要用 which 作宾语,不能用 that；10. A. with which 是介词 +关系代词 结构 ,常用来引导定语从句 .with 有 用的意思 ,介词之后只能用 which, 不能用 that. with which 在定语从句中作状语,即 he is writing with a pen. 11. C. in front of which 即 in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语. 12. D. with

41、whom 引导定语从句 .with whom 放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer. 13. D. whose 引导定语从句 ,在从句中作主语 family 的定语 . 14. A. that 引导定语从句 ,由于先行词是 all, 所以只能选用 that 引导 . 15. D. the same .as 是固定用法 , as引导定语从句时 ,可以作主语 ,宾语或表语 .在本句话中 ,as作从句的主语 . 16. D. such as 是固定用法 ,as引导定语从句时 ,可以作主语 ,宾语或表语 .在此题中 ,as 作表语 . 17. B. as作

42、关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句；这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词,而往往指代整个主句的含义；as 在从句中可以作主语、宾语；从句可放在主句后,也可置于主句前；在本句中,as作宾语 . 18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句 ,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句 .with whom 放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming. 19. C. as 引导定语从句时通常构成 such as或 the same as固定搭配,其中 such 和 same 修饰其后的名词,a

43、s 为关系代词, 指代其前的名词引导定语从句；as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语； Such 修饰单数名词时,要用 such a .,此题中 such books, such 直接修饰复数名词 . 20. B. things 和 persons是先行词 .当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人 ,又表示物的名词时 ,其关系代词要用that. 21. D. who 引导非限制性定语从句 ,who 作从句的主语 . 22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers. 23. D. 先行词 person后有两个定语从句 ,第一个从句省

44、略了关系代词 whom. 由于 , whom 作从句中 met 的宾语 ,可以省略 .其次个从句 who could do it.who 在从句中作主语 ,不行省略 . 24. A. whose title 引导非限制性定语从句 ,whose title 也可以说成 the title of which 25. A. for which 引导定语从句 ,使用介词 for,是来自于从句中的固定短语be famous for 以 .而著名 . 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 26. C. 当先行词被such 修饰时 ,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As 在本从句中