2022年高中英语语法解析---名词性从句.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语语法解析 -名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句Noun Clauses；名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组 , 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此依据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；一 主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it代替,而本身放在句子末尾；引导主语从句的连词有：that, whether, who, whom, what, whatever, whose 1.常规主语从句,既复合句在句中充当一

2、个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句1That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. 2Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. 3Who will be our monitor hasn t been decided yet. 4Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. 5What caused the accident remains

3、is unknown. 6What we need is time. 7Whose watch was lost is unknown. 8Whatever you did is right. 注：连词位于句首不能省略2. It 作形式主语和it 引导强调句的比较为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it 放在主语位置,真正主语搁置于句末It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平稳句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化；而it 引导的强调句就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词 that；被强调部分指人时也可用 who/whom ；例如：a It is a pity that

4、you didn t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真惋惜；b It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你胜利与否不感爱好；c It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的；强调句型d It is John that broke the window. 3. 用 it 作形式主语的结构 1 It is 名词 从句是 John 打碎的窗户； 强调句型名师归纳总结 It is a fact that 事实是第 1 页,共 10 页It

5、is an honor that 特别荣幸It is common knowledge that 是常识2 It is 形容词 从句很自然It is natural that It is strange that古怪的是3 It is 不及物动词 从句好像It seems thatIt happened that碰巧It appears that 好像4 It 过去分词 从句据报道It is reported that It has been proved that已证明- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - It is said that据说3. 主语从句

6、不行位于句首的五种情形：1if 引导的主语从句不行居于复合句句首；2It is said /reported 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达： That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. 3It happens/occurs 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达： It occurred to him that he failed in the examinat

7、ion. 错误表达： That he failed in the examination occurred to him. 4It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达： Whether he is wrong or not doesn t matter. 5含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening. 错误表达： Is th

8、at will rain in the evening likely. 4. what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区分what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语宾语表语,而 that 就不然；例如：a What you said yesterday is right. b That she is still alive is a consolation 二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 及物动词 或介词之后；1 由 that 引导的宾语从句that 通常可以省略 , 例如：I heard that he joined the arm

9、y. 我听说他参军了；注： that 在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情形下都可以省略；略: that 从句位于句首时,that 不行省略 : 在以下情形下, that 不能省That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe. 我简直不信任他曾说过这样的话；that 宾语从句的状语部分位于从句前部时；I promised that if anyone could set me free,I would make him king over the earth. 我曾许诺假如 有人把我放了,我就让他成为全世界的国王；当主句的状语部分位于 tha

10、t 宾语从句前时；亚伯 Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and a little then.拉罕.林肯自己后来说他只不过是时断时续地接受训练；that 引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that 不能省略 : I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人；主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时；然而当他到英国时,When he got to England,he found,h

11、owever,that his English was too limited.他发觉他的英语很有限；名师归纳总结 当一个谓语动词带两个或两个以上的that 引导的宾语从句时；只有第一个可省略第 2 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Then he said that French was the most beautiful tongue in the world,and that we must keep it among us and never forget it. 他说,法语是世界上最美的语言,我们必需坚持说法语,永久也不要遗

12、忘它；宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时；I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth. 我决不能告知任何人我看不到那布；宾语从句的主语是 this/that ,或用 this/that 修饰主语时；He said that that was a good idea.他说那是个好想法；在直接引语中,主句和宾语从句被隔开时；“ I;m sorry to tell you,” he said, “ that you didn;t watch carefully enough what I did.”我很遗憾的告知大家,你们没有认真观看我

13、所做的一切；宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时；The old lady then explained that what she was looking for was a pair of gloves for a girl. 那位老太太说明说她在为一个女孩找一双手套；2从属连词 if/whether ；连词 whether 可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,不行省；if引导宾语从句；宾语从句是确定句时,whether,if 可互换；但 whether 常和 or not 连用, if 一般不与 or not连用 ,宾语从句是否认句时,一般用 if 引导；如 : I don;t kno

14、w if/whether I should tell you. 不知我是否应告知你；I wonder whether it is true or not. 不知这是不是真的；I don;t care if it doesn;t rain. 天下不下雨我不会在乎；用 if 引导宾语从句假如会引起歧义,应防止使用 Please let me know if you want to go. Please let me know whether you want to go. if 从句可懂得为宾语从句,意为“ 请告知我你是否想去”为“ 假如你想去的话,请告知我一声”；if 而用 wheter；试比较

15、：；此句又可懂得为条件状语从句意作介词宾语时,只能用 whether,不能用 if ；介词常可省略如：Everything depends onwhether we have enough experience.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的体会；3连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why ；如: Who or what he was, Martin never learned. 他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道；I wonder what he

16、s writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事；Ill tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告知你我为什么要你来；You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事；有关宾语从句的其它一些要点.宾语从句的语序必需是陈述语序；如：Do you know why winter is colder than summer.你知道为什么冬季比夏季冷吗.如宾语从句有自己的宾语补足语,就用“ 主语 +谓语 +it+ 补足语 +宾语从句” ；如：it 作形式宾语,而把宾语从句后置；其句型为：We think it impo

17、rtant that we should master at least one foreign language.我们认为把握至少一门外语是重要的；留意： 1连词 that 引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except,but 和 in 等少数几名师归纳总结 个介词后；其它一些介词的宾语从句如由连词that 引导,就需用it 先行一步,作形式宾语；第 3 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 如：He is a good student except that he is careless.他是个好同学,只不过有点马虎；See t

18、o it that children don;t catch cold. 留神孩子别感冒了；2that 引导表语从句时, 在句中无词义,只起连接作用,但不行省去；His idea is that we should go there at once. 他主见我们立刻去那儿；.宾语从句的否认转移； 在 think, consider, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否认意思,却不用否认形式,而将 形式；如：I dont think you are right. 我认为你错了；think 等动词变为

19、否认I dont believe they have finished their work yet. 我信任他们仍未完成他们的工作；I dont suppose he cares, does he. 我想他不在意,是吗？.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有 sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied 等,连词 that 可省略； That 引导的从句仍常跟在以下形容词后作宾语：Anxious, aware, confident, convinced, determined, pro

20、ud, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等；也可以将此类词后的 that 从句的看作缘由状语从句；如：I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不能确定我该做什么；I m afraid you dont understand what I said.唯恐你没领悟我说的意思；I m surprised that I didnt see all that before.我好古怪,我以前没看到过；Mother was ve

21、ry pleased her daughter had passed the exams. 妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到兴奋；.有关 that 的忌讳：后边不能直接跟 that 从句的动词这类动词有 Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等；这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不行以用 that 引导的宾语从句；例如：I admire their winning the match. right I admire that

22、they won the match. wrong 不行用 that 从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不行用于 “ 动词间接宾语that 从句“ 结构中,常见的有 Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate 等；例如：He impressed the manager as an honest man. right He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. wrong 介词宾语从句 .宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语；有

23、时介词可以省略；如：He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. 他对那天发生的事感到很不快；I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方；I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么；Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it. 你是否胜利将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - -

24、 - - - - - - - I dont care for who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚；Be careful as to how you do that. 你要留意做这件事的方式；.作介词的宾语：连词 that 引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在 except, but, in,besides 后；其他一些介词的宾语从句假如由连词 that 引导,就需用 it 先行一步,作形式宾语；如：He is a good student except that he is careless.that 一般不省他是一个好同学,只是有点马虎；You may rely on i

25、t that I shall help you. 你可以盼望我会帮忙你的；介词宾语不行以用 which 来引导,而要用 what 来引导；如：Are you sorry for what youve done.你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？介词宾语只能用 whether,不能用 if ；介词常可省略Everything depends onwhether we have enough experience.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的体会；补充 :if 、whether 在名词性从句中的使用介词的宾语从句,不定式作宾语,都可用whether 引导； whether 也可引导主语从句,表语从句,同

26、位语从句,仍可引导让步状语从句,这时却不能换成 if ；引导条件从句时,只能用 if ,而不能用 whether；不用 if ,用 whether 的情形：在标语从句和同位语从句中；例如：The question is whether the film is worth seeing. The news whether our team has won the match is unknown. 在主语从句中,只有用it 作形式主语时,whether 和 if 都能引导主语从句,否就,也只能用 whether；例如：whether we shall attend the meeting has

27、n,t been decided yet. It hasn,t been decided whetherif we shall attend the meeting . 后面直接跟动词不定式；例如：He doesn,t know whether to stay or not . that 的情形如下：仍有关联词只能用whether 或 if,不能用假设 doubt 一词作“ 疑心” 解接宾语从句时,主语为确定句用 句或疑问句用 that；例如：I doubt whether he will come soon. I do not doubt that he will come soon. Do

28、 you doubt that he will come soon ？wether 或 if ,主句为否认留意：下面这个例句中doubt 的含义为 “ 认为.不必可能” ；I doubt that he will come.我认为他不行能来注：whatever 可以引导名词性从句,同时起先行词和关系代词的作用；相当于 anything that或 all that ,有任何一切这类意思；此时不能用 no matter what 替换；. 三、表语从句表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语；说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、 形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语系动词有： b

29、e, keep, remain, stay, seem, appear, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, become, grow, turn, 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - get, go,等；构成：主语 + 连系动词 +表语从句一个句子作表语表语从句定义：在一个复合句中,充当表语的是一个句子,那么这个句子就叫做表语从句；连接表语从句的连接词有：连词：that不作成分,没有词义；不能省略whether 不作成分连接代词： what, who, , which, whoever

30、 ,whomever ,whichever ,whatever 等关系副词： when, where,why, how He has become a teacher. 他已经成为一名老师；He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已经成为了他 10 年前想成为的；His suggestion is good. 他的建议是好的；His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 留意事项A 表语从句肯定要用陈述语序；他的建议是,我们应当保持冷静；The question is when can he

31、 arrive at the hotel. 错The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 对B 不行以用 if ,而用 whether 连接表语从句 as if 例外；引导宾语从句时可以互换 if/whether , 位于介词后要用 whether,位于句首时要用 whether. 引导主语从句时 ,whether 引导的从句可以放在主句前和后,而 if 从句只能放在主句后；引导表语从句,同位语从句时要用 whether The question is if the enemy is marching towards us. 错The qu

32、estion is whether the enemy is marching towards us. 对It looked as if he had understood this question. 对C 不像宾语从句,在有表语从句的复合句中,主句时态和从句时态可以不一样；The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow. 对The question is why he cried yesterday. 对D that 在表语从句中具有三个特点：不作成分；不能省略；没有意义；E 表语从句只能置于主句之后,而主句的动词只能

33、是连系动词；例如：The problem is how we can get the things we need. 问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西；The scissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的；What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告知他的是我会给他找个好剧本；That is what I want to tell you. 那就是我想要对你讲的；what 在表语从句中充当直接宾语 That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是

34、她考试不及格的缘由；缘由状语 why 在表语从句中充当F“ That is why. ” 是常用句型,意为“ 这就是 的缘由 /因此 ” , 其中 why 引导的名词性从句在句中作表语,该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的缘由进行总结,如： That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne. 名师归纳总结 珍妮,这就是现在这个老太婆显现在你面前的缘由；前文提到Jeanne 对老妇人显得苍老第 6 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 憔悴深感惊奇,说话人对她叙述了其中的缘由之

35、后,用这一句来进行概括；G. “ That is why. ”“ That is the reason why.”“ That is because.” 辨析：将其中的the 1“ That is why. ” 与“That is the reason why.” 同义,从语法结构上讲,“ That is the reason why.” 中 why 引导的是个定语从句,reason 去掉就与“That is why. ” 结构一样,例如：That is the reason why I cannot agree. 这就是我不能同意的理由；2“ That is because.” 句型中从属连

36、词 because引导的名词性从句在此作表语,这也是个常用句型,意为“ 这就是为什么 /由于 ” ；“ That is because.” 与“That is why. ” 之间的不同在于：“ That is because.” 指缘由或理由,“ That is why. ” 就指由于各种缘由所造成的后果,例如：He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework. 昨天晚上他没有去看电影,那是由于他得帮忙他的妹妹做作业；第一句话说明结果,其次

37、句话说明缘由 He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night. 他以前曾看过那部电影,因此他昨天晚上没有去看；第一句话说明缘由,其次句话说明结果 H. 当主句的主语为 reason,或者是由 why 引导的从句时 ,与它们相关的表语从句用 that,而不能由 because引导 ; because 引导表语从句时只能用于 It/That/This is /was because _句型中 . 1.The reason why I was late was that I missed the train.

38、 2. I was late. It/That/This was because I missed the train. I. 名词主语 +系动词 +表语从句主语名词经常是表示事实,真理的名词,如：fact, truth 表示看法,观点、问题、麻烦的名词,如： idea, opinion, belief, view, news, advice, feeling, suggestion, plan, trouble, question, problem, 1.The fact is that our team has won the game. 2.The truth is that she w

39、as the very person we are looking for. 必需记住：1. that 引导表语从句时不能省 . 2. if 不能引导表语从句 . 3.除 that 外的全部引导词都有自己的意义；4. 除 that, whether 外的全部引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分5. what 在表语从句中译成“ 东西； 事情; 内容”案例分析考题 1The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed”to make us do so. 2007 上海 名师归纳总结 A. when B. why C.

40、 whether D. that 假如看不出它是充当整第 7 页,共 10 页答案D 解析下划线处之后是包含一个缘由状语从句的表语从句,- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句子的意思；因此,充当任何成分的 that；应挑选可引导名词性从句且不考题 2 You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. 2004 A. why B. where C. what D. how 答案B 解析下划线处的引导词引导系动词 is 后的表语从句

41、并在该表语从句中充当地点状语“ disagree” 属于不及物动词,“ I disagree” 本身是完整的主谓结构 , 下划线应填入引导词 where, 表语从句“where I disagree” 的意思是“ 我不同意之处、我不同意的地方”；考题 3 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off. 1999 A. why B. when C. what D. where 答案A 解析下划线处的引导词引导与系动词 is 连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语,下划线应填入表示“

42、 因此 ”指因某种缘由所造成的结果 的引导词 why；_ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 2000 上海 A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 答案A 解析第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语,特指她所不懂得的事情,应填入关系代词型的引导词 what； 其次个下划线处表示“ 因此 ”指因某种缘由所造成的后果,由 why 引导对应的名词性从句 而不是“ 为什么

43、”指缘由、理由,由 because引导对应的名词性从句 , 应填入引导词 why ；_ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. 2003 上海春 A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because 答案B 解析第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语,特指令校方自豪的事情,应选用关系代词型的引导词 what ； 其次个下划线处引导表语从句表示缘由、理由,

44、应由 that 引导对应的名词性从句； Are you still thinking about yesterday s game. Oh, thats _. 2003 北京春 A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 答案A 解析A 选项的意思是“ 令我感觉兴奋的事物”； B 选项的意思是“ 我觉得兴奋的任何事物” ； C 选项的意思是“ 我对它感觉的方式”； D 选项的意思是“ 令我感觉兴奋的时间” ；四个选项中A 最适合跟代表“game” 的主语 that 对应,充当表语从句；表语从句与宾语从句的关系宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句