2022年高中英语语法情态动词.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 情态动词 I 情态动词的特点：1. 本身有词义；2. 不能独立作谓语；2. 后接动词原形一起构成谓语；3. 不随人称和数的变化；II 情态动词各自的基本意义及用法：1. can 与 could用法对比点can could 1、表 “才能 ”Can you lift this heavy box. I couldn understand what he said at all. 2、表 “许可 ”You can use a different material He said I could borrow his bike. instead. 3

2、、“怀疑”No, no, it cant be true.We thought the story could not be What on earth can this mean. true. How could you be so careless. 1. could 代替 can,表示语气更为动听；4、can与 be able to 区分Eg. Could I use your bike. Yes, I can 2. can 能够=be able to仅表才能时 ,但 be able to 表示一番努力后,才能做得到,且有更多的时态；2.may 与 might 用法对比点may migh

3、t 1表 “询问 ”May I .=Can I .Might I .=Could I .但比用 may 更客气 2.表“答应”You may take the boy there. He told me he might come. might 与 told 相呼应 3表 “可She may nor like this place. I m afraid he might not like this play.能” “或许”确定： Yes, you may. 注：1. May I .的答语；否定： No, you mustn 不行（语气强硬）2. may 可表示期望或希望No, you may

4、 not 或 No, you d better May you succeed . not. 3. may might 用于目的状语从The emperor gave them some gold in 句；order that they might begin their work at once. 3. must 与 have to用法must have to 对比点（主观看法） 必需；没有过去式,1. 表“必需 ”可用于间接引语中；（客观需要）不得不,有多种时态；t go now.He told me I must do according to It s raining heavily

5、, we canwhat he said. 名师归纳总结 2. 疑问句Must I . Yes, you must.（一Do you have to go today. 第 1 页,共 10 页定）Yes, we do. No, you neednt./ you dont have You don t have to worry about that.to. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 不必 4. need与 dare 用法对比点need dare 1.情态v.+动He dare not say so. He need not needntgo.

6、Dare she go out alone at night. 词原形1）否定式 2）疑问式2.实义 v. +to do 1）确定式 2）否定式 3）疑问式-Need we do it again. How dare you say Im unfair.-No, you neednt do it a gain. If he dare do that, hell be punished.I dare say. 固定用法 He needs to go. He dares to say. He doesn t does not need to go.He does notdoesntdare to

7、say.Does he need to do it again. If you dare to jump into the water No, he doesnt need ot do it again. from here, so dare I . 3. did not She didn t need to attend the meeting yesterday, and she stayed with her need to do 表 示 过 去 没 必 要做children.她没有参与 5. should与 ought to用法对比点should ought to 1、表“应当”表劝说

8、、建议“有责任有必要 ”做某事You should listen to the doctor You ought to finish your work before advice. you go home. We should learn from Zhang Hua. We ought to help each other. “特别可能 ”的事,可译为 “总应当 ”2、表 “估量 ”They should get home by now. If we start to work right now, we ought to finish it before lunch. 1）should

9、仍可在虚拟语气中的使用注：2 留意： ought to 的疑问式及否定式-Ought he to go. -Yes, I think he ought to. -No, he oughtnt to. 否定式： oughtnt to do 不说 ought to not do 反疑问句： oughtnt _. 6. shall与 will 用法 shall will 1. 征询对方看法或恳求指示,用于第一、三 人 称 ： Shall I we . Shall he she .1. 询问对方的意思或向对方提出要求：Will you please . Wont you .Would you like

10、 to. would 替代 will 更客 气 Where shall I wewait for you. Wont you go and see the film.你不去看电影吗 -Yes, I think I will. 不, 我想去；2. 表 示 说 话 人 的 “ 意 愿 ” 有 “ 命 令 ” “警 告” “强制 ” “承诺 ” “决心 ”等,用于其次、 三人称；You shall do what I tell you to do. 我叫你干什么你就干什么；Everything shall be done to save the ship. 肯定要竭尽全力来挽救这艘船；7. used

11、 to与 would 用法2. 表示 “意志 ” “意愿 ”,用于各种人称：I won t do anything you dont like.我不会做任何你不喜爱的事；Would 表示过去时间的 “意志 ” “意愿”Shylock would not take the money earlier. 夏洛克从前是不愿要钱的；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - used to would 1.只表示过去动作的重复,有明确的时间1.表示过去的动作、状态,重在与现在情 况的对比,不肯定要有时间状语；I used to pl

12、ay cards a lot, but now I seldom play. My hometown is not what it used to be. 2. 表示过去的习惯有时可互换：状语；I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when he was in the middle school. 2.would 后只接表动作的动词,不接表认 识或状态动词 He used to be nervous in the exam. When we were very young, we used to / would go skating every

13、winter. 3. 表示过去的次数时,不能使用： ）We went to the Great Wall five times when we were young. X We used to go / would go to the Great Wall five times when we were young. 注： used to do的否定式： usednt to do 或 didn t use to do usedn 也可写作 usent疑问式：Did you use to do . Didnt you use to do.Used you to do. Usednt you to

14、 do.II 情态动词表估量：1. 大多数情态动词（除表 才能、许可、意志 外）,都可以表示估量,其程度有差异；t 不行能按可能性程度的高低排列为：must will would ought to should 完全确定完全可能很可能can couldmay might 可能有可能2. 区分情态动词的否定含义：may not 或许不、可能不might not 可能不canmustnt不许、禁止shouldn 不应当neednt 不必3. 情态动词表估量详细运用：情态动词可以对现在、进行、过去估量；S 主+情态动词+ be + adj 对“性质 ” “特点 ”的估量S 主+情态动词+ be +

15、n 对“职业 ” “事物 ”的估量S 主+情态动词+ 动词原形对常常性行为的估量S 主+情态动词+ be + V-ing 对进行着的行为的估量S 主+情态动词+ have + PP 对过去的行为的估量情态动词表估量时： 1、can 只能用于否定句和疑问句2、must 只能用于确定句（它的否定句和疑问句其实就用 can来代替了）3、如句中有情态动词 + 完成时,定是对过去的估量；4、句中如有表示不愿定的话语E.g I am not sure; I don之类,常选 may /might 的各种形式；4. 表示反劝的特别的表估量形式1. could + have + P.P. 表示原来能做到,但事

16、实上没有 做到；2. couldnt +have + P.P.表示原来不能做到,但已经做到 了；3 neednt + have + P.P.表示本不必做的, 但已经做到了；4. should/ought to +have + P.P. He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow came. She could not have covered the whole distance, but in fact she arrived ahead of time. She neednt have attended the m

17、eeting yesterday, but she did. The plant is dead. I should/ought to have given 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 表示该做而没有做to +have + ot more water. have taken her 5 shouldn oughtn You oughtn t to / shouldn P.P. bike without permission. 表示不该做而做了；5. 留意：must 只能用于确定句（它的否定句和疑问句其实就用

18、can 来代替了）1.must + have + P.P. 表示对过去确定的估量,“ 肯定 The road is wet. It must have rained yesterday. 是,准是 ”2.can + have + P.P. 表示对过去的估量 （限于问句中）Can she have said so. 他可能这样说吗？3.can表示对过去的否定估量 t + have + P.P. He cannot have said such a foolish thing. III 情态动词表估量的反意疑问句1. 情态动词表估量的反意疑问句,简洁来说,就是以情态动词后的时态为淮,如句子里有明确

19、的时 间状语,就以其为准；2. 以 must 为例：E.g. 1. You must be hungry now, arenyou. t she2. He must be watching TV , isn he . 3 Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasnhe . 4. She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she. 注：如挑选题中（以 She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she？为例）既有 didn t she 又有 hasn就以 didnt she？为正

20、确答案；IV 情态动词专项练习与解析一 1. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. can t B. mustn t C. needn t D. may not 2. Where is my pen. I _ it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost 3. I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. we

21、re to see 4. I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep.A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been 5. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented 6. He _ you more h

22、elp, even though he was very busy. D. may give A. might have given B. might have C. may have given 7. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday. A. were not; could have climbed C. had not been; could have climbed B. were not; could climb D. had not been; could climb 8. Without electricity hu

23、man life _ quite difficult today. 第 4 页,共 10 页 A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 9. A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. can t B. couldnt C. may not D. might not 10. Jenny _ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - -

24、 - - - - - - A. must B. should C. need D. would 11. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study 12. Could I borrow your dictionary. Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should 13. Tom ought not to _ me you

25、r secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told 14. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not

26、taken 15. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. must B. may C. can D. will 16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. A. had to write it out C. should have written it out B. must have written it out D. ought to write it out 17. I didnt see your sister at the meet

27、ing. If she _, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 18. Shall I tell John about it. No, you _. Ive told him already.A. needn t B. wouldn t C. mustn t D. shouldnt 19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were

28、 broken D. had been broken 20. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment.A. must B. need C. should D. can 21. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It _ a comfortable journey. A. can t be B. shouldnt be C. mustn t have been D. couldnt have been 22

29、. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. won t; cant B. mustn t; may C. shouldnt; must D. can t; shouldnt 23. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 24. When can I come for the photos. I need them tomorrow

30、 afternoon. They _ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need 25. I stayed at a hotel while in New York. Oh, did you. You _ with Barbara. D. must have stayed A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay 26. Will you stay for lunch. Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt

31、B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont 27. Are you coming to Jeffs party.D. might 第 5 页,共 10 页名师归纳总结 I m not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.A. must B. would C. should - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 28. Write to me when you get home. _. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can 29. I was really a

32、nxious about you, you _ home without a word. A. mustn t leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. needn t leave 30. Is John coming by train. He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may 专项练习（二）1. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at

33、 the meeting.A. mustn t have spoken B. shouldnt have spokenC. needn t have spoken D. couldnt have spoken2. One ought _ for what one hasnt done.A. not to be punished B. to not be punished C. to not punished D. not be punished 3. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must _ always _ so

34、 much. A. not; be smoking B. not; have smoked C. not; to smoke D. be not; smoking 4. With so much work on hand, you _ to see the game last night. A. mustn t go B. shouldnt go C. couldnt have gone D. shouldnt have gone5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say tha

35、t it _ better organized. A. had been B. had to be C. must have been D. could have been 6. Im surprised that he _ in the exam.A. should fail B. would have failed C. may have failed D. should have failed 7. The little girl _ there alone. A. not dare go B. dares not go C. dare not go D. dare not to go

36、8. “ Must we do it now.”“ No, you _.”A. won t B. needn t C. can t D. don t9. He said he would rather not _ it right now. A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing 10. You _ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. A. needn t to come B. don t need come C. don t need coming D.

37、 needn t come11. Put on more clothes. You _ be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. would D. must 12. I _ play football than baseball. C. like better D. prefer A. would rather B. had better 13. I thought you _ like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might

38、 C. could D. must 14. There was plenty of times. She _. A. mustn t have hurried B. couldnt have hurried 第 6 页,共 10 页C. must not hurry D. needn t have hurried名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 15. The plant is dead. I _ it more water. A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should

39、have given 16. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. can t B. mustn t C. needn t D. may not17. Its still early, you _.A. mustn t hurry B. wouldn t hurry C. may not hurry D. don t have to hurry18. Please open the window, _. A. can t you B. aren t you C. do you D. w

40、ill you 19. We _ for her because she never came. A. mustn t have waited B. shouldnt have waited C. mustn t wait D. needn t wait20. May I stop here. No, you _. A. mustn t B. might not C. needn t D. won t21. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _.A. won t we B. will we C. don t we D. shall we22. I didnt s

41、ee her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the meeting.A. mustn t have spoken B. shouldn t have spokenC. needn t have spoken D. couldnt have spoken23. Please don t make a noise. _. Ill be as quiet as a mouse.A. Yes, I wont B. No, I wont C. No, I will D. Yes, I will24. The young man has made s

42、o much noise that he _ not have been allowed to attend the concert. A. could B. must C. would D. should 25. Where is John. He _ in the library. A. should be B. must be C. can be D. must have been 26. Since the road is wet this morning, _ last night. A. it must rain B. it must be raining C. it must have rained D. it must have been rain