2022年高考英语七选五阅读理解.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载高考英语七选五阅读懂得【特点分析 】该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项, 主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文规律意义的懂得和把握；其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项挑选题的影响,表达了新课标“用英语猎取、处理和运用信息的才能；逐步猎取用英语思维的才能；”的阅读学习和教学理念；该题型命题形式仍旧具有客观题的特点,又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙,只是选项少, 以句子形式显现,考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已；从考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述“ 主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和

2、结构以及上下文规律意义的懂得和把握；” 可以得出以下判定：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章 整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文规律意义）三类；其余外的两 个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置,例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构,注释性句子与上文脱节等；【题型分析】分析篇章结构,把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键,英语的语篇（discourse）通常 是由句子和语段 （sentence group）构成的, 语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次,句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想,但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想, 只有把几个句子结合

3、为较大的言语片段,才能表达一个相对独立的层意,所谓的 篇； ”就是这个道理；“积句而成章,积章而成分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次,也就是段落, 另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次,也就是语篇层次；语篇与段落是有区分的,语段是篇章结构的中间层次,是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式,段落（ paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、谈论文）中比语段更大的意义单位,较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子,一般来说, 一个段落通常由几个语段构成；构成语段的方式有两种,一是靠句际间意义的结合,二是靠句际间的关联词,规律性插入语来连接,在分析语段层次时, 可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判定,的

4、意义关系, 把握作者的思路, 从语序上去发觉断续点,只有层层入手,才能真正懂得文章；但最主要的仍是要真正体会句际间 理清层次, 好文章的层次特别清晰,例如：（ 20XX 年高考英语辽宁卷阅读懂得新题型样题）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载其次节（共 5 小题 :每道题 2 分, 满分 10 分）依据短文内容 ,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的正确选项；选项中有两项为余外 选项；Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you

5、 to become a batter student in several ways 71 Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest. You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading

6、 a textbook or doing research for a report.72 Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process.73 The following methods may work best for you. Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it. Carefully read the text and watch for words that can sh

7、ow main points and supporting facts. Write your notes in your own words. 74 Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written. As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand速记 . When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time.

8、75 A. Use words, not complete sentences. B. There are three practical note-taking methods. C. You must write your notes on separate paper. D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later. E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. F. That means you must first decid

9、e what is important enough to include in your notes. G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it. 答案： GEFAD 名师归纳总结 分析：这篇文章整体分为四个段落层次,每个段落均由几个语段构成相对独立地语义单第 2 页,共 14 页位,各段都环绕“ Taking good notes这样一个中心话题,形成了文章的线性结构；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - -

10、- - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载第一段表达的是做笔记是好同学在多方面的一项省时技巧,其次段表达的是不管何时、用何种方法做笔记,都要有挑选性的做记录,第三段表达的是做笔记的正确方法,第四段讲述的是要记住自己的速记符号,这就形成了文章的层次结构,这对下一步的做题有了明确的整体方向；【解题策略】1理清句际间意义的关系文章的内容是依据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成,各个层次, 各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致, 但它所表达的内容都是要环绕中心的,各句之间都有肯定的语脉,从规律意义上来看,语段的句际关系可分为 平列、次序、层递、转折、总分、说明、因果 等关系；构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的

11、句际关系；语脉,理清句际间的关系,进而懂得语段或全文的内容；因此,懂得阅读材料时肯定要把握如上述 20XX 年高考英语辽宁卷阅读懂得新题型样题 中,第一段的第一句“ Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a batter student in several ways 与下面几”句是说明关系, 说明关系是指后面的句子对前面的句子作说明、引申、例证, 使意思更加明了、详细；后三句之间是平列关系,平列关系指句与句之间处于公平并列的位置,互不相属,而只是组合在一起共同说明一个问题；平列关系组合的语段

12、,在次序上并不固定,假如局部转变句子的相互位置并不转变整个语段的意思；其次段的第一句与其次句是层递关系,层递关系是一种固定的次序关系,但又不同与顺序关系, 次序关系指构成语段的各句子只能按事物进展的过程由先而后地次序排列,不行随意转变次序, 通常在记叙文或描述固定的操作程序的说明文中用得普遍,而层递关系组合的语段是按语意的轻重、熟悉的深浅作由轻到重、由浅入深的排列；第三句与第四句是说明关系,第一、二句组合为一个语段,第三、四句组合为另外一个语段,语段与语段之间是总分关系,总分关系是指前面的句子陈述两个过两个以上的对象,后面的句子紧接着分别对它们加以说明；用这种方式组合的语段能够前呼后应,彼此协

13、作,使语脉清晰,条分缕析,如“Whenever or however you take notes一句与前两句前呼后应,彼此协作,为前句选“E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. 潜伏了一笔,规律性很强；第三段的第一句与下面几句是说明关系,而后列举的方法是平列关系；第四段的最终两句是转折关系,转折关系指句与句之间存在意义的转折,通常表达对比或对比的意思；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载2找出句子之间的连

14、接性的词语文章的语句间的组合,除了从语句间的意义关系分析外,仍可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握,由于连接性词语能说明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系是承接关系 （如 so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等）平列关系 （如 first, second, third ; firstly, secondly, thirdly ; first, next, then ; in the first place, in the second place ; for one thing, for ano

15、ther thing ;to begin with, to conclude如文章中的选项 71,由 Second、Third 得知应选表示平列关系的句子 G.项；转折关系 （如 however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise 等）

16、；比如选项75,与前句构成了转折关系,故应选 D 项答案；层递关系 （如 also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, whats more, too, either, neither, not but , not only 等）；如 72 选项,与前句组合为层递关系,故应选包含 also 的 E.项句子；说明关系 ,如 73 选项应选 F.选项,与 74 选项公平的,是一组祈示句,而非陈述句,故应选 A.项而非 B 项；总之,对一个语段或语篇的分析,可以按以下步骤进行：（1）通读全文, 对文章进

17、行快速浏览,查找主题句, 抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容；在阅读过程中, 要留意文章的开头与终止段落,特殊是文章的首段及末段末句,由于 “ 开门见山 ”与“ 结尾总结 ”的写作方式为常见的写作方式,首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在,说明本文将探讨哪些内容,并简要指出文章的写作思路,有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行出现；首段的末句对于快速把握文章的主题具有重要意义,假如它是文章的主题句,就可以使读者快速明确文章情节将如何绽开,并对文章的写作主题有了整体的明白；假如末句不是主题句,就需要连续查找；这时,可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“ 结尾总结 ” 式,如两者均可排除,就需在文章中其他段落查找主题句,但要留

18、意,首段与末段的提示作用；（2）详读段落,在短时间内,找出每段写作内容的关键词；明确各段的主题句或主旨大意；文章正文部分通常分为如干小段落；各段落会依据整体文章写作主题绽开,对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述；找出各个小段落中的关键词,明确其描述内容,为整体试题的解决做好铺垫；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载（3）定位选项,明确各备选选项的含义,抓住其关键词语,依据文章整体结构与详细内容,将选项填入文中,填写时尤为留意各选项中显现的句子连接手段及句中的连接标志词；在定位选项时, 要特殊留意空格上下段

19、的写作内容,以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义； 将所选项放入空白处,看看是否与上下文构成语义及规律上的直接关系,是否符合该处语境；能否承接前后的写作线索；使文章无论内容仍是连接上都能做到通顺；一篇文章作为一个整体,是有其写作的线索与思路的,在选项定位中, 要特殊留意文章的写作线索, 文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体；假如带入选项后,发觉文章写作线索中断或是前后冲突,应更换其它选项；（4）通读复检, 将所选答案代入文中,再次通读全文, 重点考查规律关系和关联结构；在完成选项定位后,应通读全文,检查文章内容是否完整,语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题

20、,语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一样性、合乎规律,写作思路是否清晰明了,格式以及用语是否恰当贴切,从而判定挑选的答案是否正确；同时,我们仍应留意对相近选项的对比分析,个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性,这时就需要我们认真分析,认真甄别,排除干扰,从而得出正确选项；要特殊留意, 除非有充分的理由否定向前的挑选,否就不要仓促更换；只要前两步投入了精力,动了脑筋,第一印象往往可信度很高；（5）确定排除,讨论余外选项,确定排除理由,最终确定答案；【考题猜测 】1. 内容挑选：阅读新题型文章挑选要留意两个方面的内容：一是选材留意选取贴近考生、贴近生活、新奇的、时代感强的材料,以表达考纲中

21、明确提出的“命题重视 新材料、新情境 的创设与运用,测试考生的综合语言运用才能”的指导思想；二是所选文章内容规律性强,文章结构严谨,层次分明,便于同学在阅读的基础上,进行综合懂得,并对于一些信息进行概括或充分表达；2. 文章长度：文章的挑选不能太短（少于250 词）或太长（多于350）；另外,文章的长度仍会与整套试题中阅读的总词数有关；3. 文体的挑选：文章的挑选以说明、谈论、夹叙夹议等为主,单纯以时间或大事为线索的记叙文不宜于考察规律思维才能,显现机率不大；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载【练

22、习 】（1）依据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的正确选项；选项中有两项 为余外选项；_71_ One of the best things you can possibly do is to start you own club. It great fun especially if you are the sort of person who feels theres never anything to do during holidays. The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club. _7

23、2_ Pets, clothes, pop music or dancing groups, sports, making things. The list is endless. Next you need some friends to be in your club with you. _73_ All you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same thing as you. _74 You should all sit down somewhere together with lots of

24、pieces of paper and write down every name you can think up. Thatll keep you busy for ages.At your first meeting you should make up a rule book. And the first rule should be no grown-ups or little/big brothers or sisters. The best clubs are always secret. Now you have just about everything you need,

25、except membership cards. These are very important and again you can speed a lot of time making them. 75 Why not leave some space for a photo of yourself. That will make the membership card really look like it. So there you are, get clubbing. Once you get started youll think of loads of more interest

26、ing things to do. A. Thats easB. Enjoy your own club. C. Invite a designer to join you. D. What are you interest in. E. Some vacation is just around the corner. F. Then you need to pick a name for your club. G. Use a bright thick pen to make a special design. （2）依据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的正确选项；选项中的两项 为

27、多途选项；Are you truly happy. Do you ever know what it means to be happy and what it takes to 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载achieve happiness. _71_. The following are a few tips that I follow to create happiness in my life. Make a plan for attaining goals that you bel

28、ieve will make you happy. Your moods will very likely increase if you are going after something you value. Surround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way. _72_. When something goes wrong, try to figure out a solution

29、instead of being absorbed in self pity. Truly happy people dont allow setbacks to affect their mood because they know that with a little thought they can turn the circumstances back to their favor. _73_. These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and

30、 will lead you to continuous happiness. 74 . Whether you treat yourself to lunch, take a long, relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minutes on your appearance, you will be subconsciously a better mood. 下意识地 putting yourself in Finding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness. Find a w

31、ay to make light of a situation that would otherwise make you happy. Keeping healthy is another way to achieve happiness. 75 . AWhat makes one person happy may be very different from what makes someone else happy. BOn the contrary, if infectious. you are around people who are happy, their emotional

32、state will be CBeing overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mooDDThese are important questions for anyone who is seeking happiness to ask themselves. ESpend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy. FThere are some tips in life that l

33、ead to happiness. GIt s also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself.（3）依据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的正确选项；选项中有两项为余外选项；名师归纳总结 _71_ .Being angry doesnt really solve much, but what people do when they feel angry is 第 7 页,共 14 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载imp

34、ortant. The goal is to calm down and try to solve what is bothering you. This is hard for some kids and adults, too. Instead of calming down, some kids might keep getting more and more upset until they explode like a volcano. _72_ .Their anger might be so strong that they lose control of their tempe

35、r. They may act in ways unacceptable and hurtful. People may say that someone has trouble controlling their temper._73_ Some kids might get so angry that they scream at their parents, break something , or even worse , hit their brothers or sisters._74_ .However, its not OK for a kid to do any of tho

36、se things .Kids dont want to act in this way , but sometimes angry feelings can be hard to manage. So what to do. Well, the good news is that kids dont just have to keep maki ng the same mistakes over and over again._75_ .Imagine your temper as a puppy inside you that needs some training. The puppy

37、is not bad - it will probably turn out a great dog. It just needs to learn some rules because, right now, that puppy is causing some problems to you. A. You can train you temper. B.You don t want to cause trouble.C. Kids should be allowed to express their feelings, even angry ones. D. Everybody gets

38、 angry sometimes. E. In fact, they usually mean that a kid behaves badly when feeling angry. F. Instead of thinking of the person youre angry with, think of something else.G. Some kids get angry more often or more easily than some other kids. （4）依据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的正确选项；选项中有两项为余外项；Choosing the r

39、ight job is probably one of the most important decisions we have to make in life, and it is frequently one of the hardest decisions we have to make. One important question that you might ask yourself is: “How do I get a good job.”_71_.There are people who can answer an insignificant advertisement in

40、 the local paper and land the best job in the world; others write to all sorts of places all over the country, and never seem to get a reply at all. Still others believe that the in person, door-to-door approach is by far the best 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 14 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载way

41、 to get a job; and then there are those who, through no active decision of their own, just seem to be in the right place at the right time. _72_. He used to spend a lot of his free time down by the sea watching the tall ships, but never thinking that he might one day sail one of them. His father was

42、 a farmer, and being a sailor could never be anything for the boy but an idle dream. One day, on his usual wandering, he heard the captain of the ship complaining that he could not sail because one member of his crew was sick. Without stopping to think, the lad 少年 offered to take his place. _73_. _7

43、4_. If the lad had gone home to ponder（考虑） his decision for a week, he may have missed his chance. It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well. Sometimes we hear stories about people who break all the rules and still seem to land plum jobs（美差） . When

44、you go for a job interview or fill out an application, you are expected to say nice things about the company to which you are applying. _75_. And within a year this person had become general manger of the company. AThis story also illustrates the importance of seizing an opportunity when it presents

45、 itself. BPeople find jobs in an infinite number of ways. Cit s almo st impossible to find a good job by answering advertisement in newspapers DTake for example the young man who wanted to be a sailor. EBut there was one person who landed an excellent job by telling the interviewer all the companys

46、faults.FHe spent the rest of his life happily sailing the ships he had always loved. GIt is very important to seize an opportunity when it presents itself. （5）依据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的正确选项；选项中有两项 为余外选项；_71_ One of the best things you can possibly do is to start you own club. It great fun especially if you are the sort of person who feels theres never any