2022年高考英语复习-名词性从句.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载名词性从句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句；名词性从句在复合句中起名词的 作用,它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四大类,在句中分别用作主语、宾语、表语和同位语；一、 引导名词性从句的关联词Athat 连词 that 本身没有意义,在从句中不担任任何句子成分,在宾语从句中有时可省略；I hear that he has joined the football club. 我听说他已经加入了足球俱乐部；That light travels in straight line is known to a

2、ll. 众所周知,光是以直线传播的；It so happens that I know the man. 碰巧我熟悉那个；Is it certain that they will win ？他们肯定会赢吗Bwhether 和 if 连词 whether 和 if 本身有意义（说明是否）,在从句中不行省略；1whether 可以连接全部的名词性从句,而 中不能用在句首）；if 只能引导宾语从句及主语从句（在主语从句I didnt know whether he would attend the concert. （宾语从句,可用 if 代替 whether）The question is whe

3、ther it is worth trying.（表语从句,不行用 if 代替 whether）Whether she comes or not makes no difference. （主语从句,不行用if 代替 whether）He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.；（同位语从句,不行用if 代替whether）2whether 引导的宾语从句可作介的宾语,而 if 就不能；It all depends on whether they will support us. 不用 if Ryan was worry

4、ing about whether he had hurt her feelings. 3.whether 后可以接不定式,if 就不能He didn t know whether to get married or to wait. 4.whether 直接可与 or not 或 or no 连用, if 就不能；I wonder whether or not he knew the manager. 5if 既可引导状语从句,也可引导宾语从句；假如用if 会引起歧义,应防止使用if,而用 whether；Please let me know if you want to join us.

5、请告知我你是否想加入我们；（ if 引导的从句可被看成是宾语从句,if 表示是否）Please let me know if you want to join us. 假如你想加入我们的话,请告知我一声；（if 引导的从句可被看成是条件状语从句,if 表示假如）Please let me know whether you want t join us. 歧义,可用 whether 表示是否）Cwho, whom, whose, what, which 请告知我你是否想加入我们；（为防止引起连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等在从句中既起连接作用,同时又担当主语、

6、宾语、定语、表语等成分；No one knows whom he was waiting for. 没人知道他当时在等谁；We are worrying about what we should do next. 我们正在为下一步该怎么办而苦恼；Tell me whose house it is. 告知我这是谁的家；Let me know which train you will be arriving on. 告知我你将乘哪列火车到达；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载Dwhere, when,

7、how, why 连接副词 where, when, how, why 等在从句中既是连接词,又作状语；I dont know where we are going to have the meeting. 我不知道我们将在哪儿开会；She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好；What I am anxious to know is when we can visit the museum. 我急于知道我们什么时候能参观博物馆；比较：when 引导的时间状语从句和名词性从句中的不同时态；Please let me know

8、 when you arrive. 你到的时候,请告知我一声；（when 引导的是时间状语从句,从句中用一般现在时来表示将来；）Please let me know when you will arrive. 请告知我你什么时候到；（when 引导的是宾语从句,从句中用一般将来时；）Ewhoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, whosever 连接代词 whoever = anyone who 任何人 , 无论谁； whatever =anything that 凡是 .,无论什么； whichever = anything that 的宾格形式）；无论那

9、一个 , 任何一个； whomever = anyone whom （whoeverWhoever comes to the club is welcome. 不论谁来参与这个俱乐部都欢迎；Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的就值得做好；They ate whatever they could find on the deserted island. 他们在荒岛找到什么就吃什么；You may do whatever you will. 你可做任何你想做的事；Ill take whichever book inter

10、ests me. 我愿买任何让我感爱好的书；Whosever book is overdue will be fined. 比较：不管谁的书过期未仍都要被罚款；连接代词 whoever 在宾语从句中作主语,whomever 作宾语从句中宾语；You may offer he book to whoever wants it. 你可把这本书给任何想要的人；（此句中不能使用 whomever ,由于 whoever 在宾语从句中作 wants it 的主语）You may offer the book to whomever you like. 你可把这本书给任何你喜爱的人；（whomever在宾

11、语从句中作 you like 的宾语）二、宾语从句在复合句中用作动词宾语或介词宾语的从句叫宾语从句；A. 作动词宾语He told us （that）he felt ill. Do you know whose dictionary it is . He has informed me when they are to discuss the work plan. Give a reading list to whoever comes. 给全部来的人一份阅读书目；留意：doubt（怀疑）的确定句接if/whether 引导的宾语从句,但否定句和疑问句接that 引导的宾语从句；I doubt

12、 whether if he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会胜利；I do not doubt that he can recite the poem. 我信任他能把这首诗背下来；Do you doubt that he will win 你不信任会获胜吗B作介词的宾语He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. 他对那天发生的事感到很不快；名师归纳总结 I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么；第 2 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - -

13、 - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it. They were praised or criticizd according to how they had done their work. He goes to the library every day except when it is raining. 留意：that 引导的宾语从句只用在少数介词后,如：except, in, but 等；此时, that 不能省略；I know little a

14、bout him except that he lives downstais. 我对他知之甚少,只知道他住在楼下；He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 他和他的同学们不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在阅读上；C. 作形容词的宾语I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不能确定我该做什么；Im afraid that you dont understand what I said. 唯恐你没领悟我说的意思；Im suprised that I didn

15、t see all that before. 我好古怪,我以前没见过那一切； D. 用 it 作形式宾语的情形1和 it 作形式主语一样,我们常用 情形特殊显现在带复合宾语的句子中；it 来作形式宾语,把真正的宾语从句放在句末,这种 think ,consider make, find We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. He has made it clear that he will not give n.；We consider it necessary that he should improve h

16、is pronunciation. We found it stange that he has not come yet. 2由于 that 引导的宾语从句一般不行以直接作介词的宾语,因此当介词后面需要用 that从句作宾语时,必需使用 it 作形式宾语；You may depend on it that I shall always support you. 你可以放心我会永久支持你的；Ill see to it that your problem will be dealt with immediately. 我保证你的问题会立刻得处处理的；3在 take, hide, see to,

17、insit on, depend on 等动词以及一些表示爱憎的动词（enjoy, hate, like, love, dont mind, resent appreciate 等）之后,形式宾语it 可直接跟宾语从句；I take it that hes not interested in the book. 我猜想他对这本书不感爱好；She hid it that she was married. 她隐瞒了她已婚的事实；I dont like it when you look at me like that. 我不喜爱那样看我；4. it 不能作由连接代词 whoever, whomeve

18、r, whosever, whatever, whichever 引导的宾语从句 的形式宾语；You may do whatever you will. 你可做任何你想做的事；Ill take whichever book interests me. 我愿买任何让我感爱好的书；We are ready to offer help to whoever needs it. 我们愿意帮忙任何需要帮忙的人；E宾语从句的语序 和其他词性从句一样,宾语从句必需使用陈述语序,不能用疑问语序；How can I get to the station.Can you tell me. Can you tell

19、 me how I can get to the station 你能告知我怎样去车站吗？What does he like I wonder I wonder what he likes. 我想知道他喜爱什么；Where were you born He asked. He asked me where I was born. 他问我诞生的地方；比较：He asked me what was the matter. 他问我出了什么事；the matter = wrong He asked me what the matter was. 他问我那是什么物质；名师归纳总结 - - - - - -

20、 -第 3 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载F宾语从句中的时态1在一般情形下,宾语从句中时态要和主句相一样,特殊是主句为过去时态时；He said that he had lived in Beijing since liberation. 他说自解放以来他始终住在北京；He made it quite clear that he preferred to learn English. 他明确地说他更喜爱学英语；2有时,宾语从句中时态也可以和主句不一样；You cant imagine how they were excited when th

21、ey won the first place in the game. 你无法想象 他们获得竞赛第一名时是多么的兴奋；Can you make sure where you have put the gold ring 你能确定你把金戒指放哪儿了吗？3客观真理和自然规律的内容在宾语从句中时态保持不变；Mike asked whether the earth moves around the sun. 迈克问地球是否围着太阳转；Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证明白地球是圆的；G关于 that 的省略 一般情形下, 宾语从句中的 that

22、是可以省略的； 但在以下几种情形下,that 一般不行省略；1介词后面的 that 不能省；Pter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.彼得是好同学,只是有时马虎；2并列连词and 连接两个或两个以上宾语从句,and 前面的 that 可以省略, and 的后面的that 不能省略；Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. My uncle says that he has servd here for twenty years and

23、 that he is going to retire next month.；3that 引导的宾语从句位于句首时,that 不行省略；That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe. ；4主句谓语动词与that 从句之间有插入语,that 不行省略；He said that, if he could manag it, he would come for dinner. 会来吃晚饭的；5宾语从句中有其他从属连词时,that 不能省略；He told me that if it was necessary they would wor

24、k all night. 就干个通宵；H宾语从句的否定转移他说,假如他支配得好的话,他他告知我, 假如需要的话, 他们在 think, consider, believe, suppose, expect, fancy 等动词后的宾语从句,如有否定意思,一般要把否定词前移到主句的语上,从句的谓语用确定的形式；I dont think he can do it better than me. 我想他不会干得比我好；I dont believe they have finished their work yet. 我信任他们仍未完成他们的工作；I dont suppose he cares, do

25、es he 我想他不会在意的,是吗？提示：在以下情形下,宾语从句不否定转移：1think 等词前有副词和表示强调的 do I really expect he wont fail the examination. I do think that he is not fair. 2think 等词和其他词构成并列谓语 I think and hope that he wont cheat at cards. 3think 等词作为插入语 His decision is not wise, I think. I使用虚拟语气的宾语从句名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 9 页精选

26、学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1在 suggest insist, order, demand, request, require, command, propose, desire 等表示建议、命令、要求、欲望动词后面的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气,即 省略；should +动词原形, should 常被He suggested that we should have a further discussion about the final decision. 他建议我们对最终的打算作进一步争论；She insisted that they should show

27、 her their passports. 她坚决要求他们向她出示护照；2在 wish 后面的宾语从句中需要用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反或难以实现的愿望；How I wish I had learned more. 我多么期望我以前多学一些啊！He wishes he would have another chance to go abroad. 他期望能再有一次出国的机会；J含有宾语从句复合句的反意疑问句 反意疑问句一般与主句一样；He said they were going to help me, didnt he ？ 他说过他们要帮我,不是吗？She told you that the

28、mat was her own work, didnt she 是吗？她告知过你这个垫子是她亲自做的,当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think, believe, consider, imagine, suppose, hope 等词时,反意疑问句应与宾语从句保持一样；这时特殊要留意否定转移的问题；I suppose youre serious, arent you 我想你是当真的,不是吗？不行用 dont I I dont suppose hes serious, is he 我想他不是当真的,是吗？不行用 do I 提示：假如主语是其次、第三人称,就疑问句部分与主句一样,且不存在否定转

29、移的问题；You dont think we can speak English, do you 你认为我们不会说英语,对吗？He thinks hes got the right answer,doesnt he 他认为自己找到了正确的答案,是吗？三、 表语从句表语从句放在连系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语；A可接表语从句的连系动词可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear,remain 等；China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了；The question remains whethe

30、r they will be able to help us. 问题仍是他们能否帮我们；It appears that he has a taste for music.看来他对音乐有肯定的鉴赏力 . At that time, it seemed as if I couldn t think of the right word anyhow. 当时,我似乎怎么也想 不出一个恰当的字眼来；Bas, as if/though 引导的表语从句 He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来仍与十年前一样；It sounds as if

31、someone is knocking at the door. 听起来似乎有人在敲门；Cbecause, why 引导的表语从句I think it is because you are talking too much. 我想这是由于你话说得太多；Thats because he didnt understand me. 那是由于他没有懂得我； （Thats because 强调缘由）Thats why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我愤怒的缘由；（Thas why 强调结果）留意what 引导的主语从句表示结果或名词 that 引导,一般不宜用 because；r

32、eason 作主语时,后面的表语从句表示缘由时要用The reason why I was sad was that he didnt understand me. 我伤心的缘由是他没有懂得我；What cost him his life was that he was too careless. 使他丧命的缘由是他太马虎了；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载D使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝说、命令含义的名词后的表语从句,谓语动词需用should+动词原形表示,should 可省略；常见的词有

33、：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, insistence, plan, idea 等；My suggestion is that we should start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就动身；His proposal was that they should challenge the other classes to afriendly competition. 他的提议是挑战别的班级进行一场友情竞赛；四、 同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步说明,说明名词的详细内容；同位语从句一般由 that引导,但也可以由

34、whether 以及连接代词和连接副词引导；A 同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, hope, chance idea, chance, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise,possibility,question, statement, problem, rule,word 消息 等的面；They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 焦虑；对你生病这件事, 他们都很Where di

35、d you get the idea that I could not come 你在哪儿听说我不能来？I have no idea whether hell come or not. 我不知道他是否来；We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿 去度暑假,这个问题我们仍没有打算；It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题；There is no doubt that we will win. 毫无疑问我们会赢的；

36、留意：当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分过短时,可以把谓语动词提前,使同位语从句与名词隔 开,以防止头重脚轻的现象；Word came that Mr President would come and inspect our school himself. 有消息说总统先生 将亲自来视察我们学校；B使用虚拟语气的同位语从句在一些表示建议、命令、要求的名词后的同位语从句中,谓语动词用 should+动词原形表 示, should 可省略；This is our only request that this should be settled as soon as possible. 尽快解决这个问题

37、, 这 是我们唯独的恳求；He made the suggestion that we go by train. 他建议我们坐火车去；五、主语从句 由从句充当主句的主语,我们把充当主句主语的那个句子称之为主语从句；A. that 引导的主语从句 That she should be ungrateful cut him to his heart. That she will seccess is certain. That a round trip to Mars would take more than a year is estimated. That 引导的主语从句不行以省略,但可以 i

38、t 做形式主语 It cut him to his heart that she should be ungrateful. It is certain that she will success. It is estimated that a round trip to Mars would take more than a year. B. it 做形式主语的句型 1. It +be +adj obvious, natural, true, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible likely, probable 等+that 从句 . 名

39、师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载It is certain that she will do well in her exam. It is likely that the news has been given away. It is surprising that she did such a foolish thing 2. It +be +past participle said, reported, thought, expected, decided, anounced, arrange

40、d 等 +that 从句 It is said that he has arrived in Beijing. It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday It has been pointed out that we should take some mesures to prevent environment pullotion. 3. It +be + 名词词组（ a pity, no surprise, no wonder, a good thing, an honour etc. ）+从句 It i

41、s a pity that you are leaving. It is no surprise that he lost his job.he is always late for work . It is an honour to us that you come to our party. 4. it + 不及物动词（ seem, turn out, happen, appears, occur to, etc） +从句 it turned out that he failed to persuade his sister to join the club. It happened th

42、at she was out when the house caught fire. It occurred to me that I had left my cellphone at home. C. 其他关联词引导的主语从句 Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference. Who will write the poem has not been decided yet. What surprised us is that he lost in the game. When he will be back depends on t

43、he weather. Where we live doesnt matter.How the pyramids were built was still a mystery. Whatever he did is right. Whoever comes will be welcome. Whichever you want is yours. 名词性从句练习01、 08 全国卷 I 25 The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit _ the season. A. whatever B. wherever C. whenever D

44、. however 02、 08 北京卷 30 The companies are working together to createmeans of transport in the 21 st century. they hope will be the best A. which B. that C. what D. who 03、 08 上海春卷 33 The news _ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterdays newspaperA. which B. whether C. what D. tha

45、t 04、 08 上海春卷 40 _ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled A. What B. Which C. Whether D. That 05、 08 上海卷 34 As his best friend, I can make accurate gues ses about _ he will do or think. A. what B. which C. whom D. that 06、 08 上海卷 36 It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - -