2022年高考英语语法复习专题-动词时态语态.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高考英语语法复习专题 - 动词时态语态一、 考点聚焦1、动词时态考查要点简述（ 1）一般现在时 考点分析 表示客观事实或一般真理（不受时态限制）The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.Water boils at 100 oC. 表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示常常或习惯性的动作,多用实意动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用；Ice feels cold.We always care for each other and help each other

2、. 表示知觉、 态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、 feel、notice、agree、believe、like 、hate、want 、think 、belong 、seem 等；I know what you mean.Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. if/unless/as soon as/even if/until/no matter where/what. 等引导的时间或条件状语从句中常用一般现

3、在时代替将来时,这时主句通常是一般将来时或祈使句；但要留意由 if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用 shall 或 will 表“ 意愿 ” ,但不表示时态；Please call me as soon as she_finishher work. Whatever he_ saytomorrow,I _mind. If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased. 少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive 、fly 、return、start、begin、pe

4、n、close、end、stop、等常用一般现在时或现在进行时可表示按规定、方案或支配要发生的 动作或状态；当 be 表示依据时间或事先支配,确定会显现的状态,只用一般现在时；The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.Tomorrow _beWednesday. He_cometonight. The film_ （start）at 3:00pm tomorrow. （2）一般过去时 考点分析（考核重点） ；一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态, 常与表示过去的详细时间状语连用（或有上下文语境示意）;用于表达过去的习惯 ;表示说话人原先没有料到

5、、想到或希望的事通常用过去式；一般过去时的时间状语有_ I _meet her in the street yesterday.I once_seeMa Yunin Hangzhou. He never smoked and _drink wine.I thought the film would be interesting,but it isnt.假如从句中有一个过去的时间状语,尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生,但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式；如：He told me he read an interesting novel last night. 表示两个紧接着发生过的动作,常由以下词语连接,

6、 用一般过去时； 如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute；The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.He bought a watch but lost it. 常用一般过去时的句型：I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before. I didnt recognize him.（3）一般将来时 考点分析；表示将来的动

7、作或状态常用“ will / shall + 动词”的动词结构表示；一般将来时的时间状语有 _ 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 表示一种趋向或习惯动作；Well die without air or water.表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin 、leave 等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时； She _（leave）for Ningbo next Monday. be going to 与 will / shall, be to do, be about to do 用法及区分：be g

8、oing to 表示现在准备最近或将来要做某事,这种准备往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种预备； shall / will do 常表示未事先考虑过,即说话时暂时作出的打算；be going to 表将来,不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will 就能,表意愿；如：If it is fine, well go fishing.If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.be to do sth.表按方案或支配要做的事,仍可表示嘱咐、命令、禁止,可能性等；A meeting is_hold at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.be a

9、bout to do sth.表示 “ 即可, 就要 ” ,后面不能接时间状语或状语从句（排除 when 引导 的时间状语从句） ；Autumn harvest is about to start. When I was about to leave,he called me. 有些动词本身就有“ 想,准备” 的意思,现在时态就可以表示将来的意思；如 want,plan,intend （4）现在进行时 考点分析；动词结构 beam/is/are+V-ing 表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作或状态；表示现阶段但不肯定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的支配或方案；go/come 等起止动作可用进行时代替将

10、来时；现在将来时的时间状语或标志词有 _ It_now.He_teachEnglish and _learnChinese. I _meetMr. Wang tonight. 留意：与 always、often 等频度副词连用, 表常常反复的行动或某种厌恶的感情颜色 The girl is always talking loud in public. 下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时；（A ）表示心理状态、 情感的动作： like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need ；（B）表存在的状态

11、的动词： appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on；（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete ；（D）表示感官的动词： see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look；（5）过去完成时 考点分析（考核重点） ；常用过去完成时的几种情形：（A ）在 by、by the end、by the time 、until 、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句表示这之前发生的动作；B

12、表示曾实现的期望、 准备、意图、诺言等；常用 had hoped / planned / meant / intended/though / wanted / expected 等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned + to have done；（C）“ 时间名词 + before ”在句子中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时；“ 时间名词 + ago ”在句中作状语,谓语动词用一般过去式； （D） before+过去的时间或一个过去时间的时间状语从句；（E）表示 “ 刚刚 就 ” 的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had +

13、 主语 +过去分词 + when / than / before +一般过去时,从句常用一般过去时,主句常用过去完成时,且常用倒装；By the end of last year, we _produce ）20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station.He said his first teacher_die at least 5 years before. Xiao Hua _die3yearsago.We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.=No so

14、oner_ than the bus started. 在 before 或 after 引导的时间状语从句中可以用一般过去时态代替过去完成时；After he hadleft the room, the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed. 句式： It was/had been+一段时间 +since+从句（谓语动词用过去完成时）我们十年没这么玩的高兴了；_. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - That/It was the first/second.ti

15、me+that+ 从句（谓语动词用过去完成时）这是她第三次犯同样的错误了；（6）过去将来时 考点分析；_. 参照一般将来时对比：用 would do 、was / were going to do sth. 表过去将来； come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was / were to do sth.和 was / were about to do sth.表过去将来；特殊说明： were to do sth 常用于 if 或 even if/though 引导的从句中表对将来的假设；Even if the sun were to rise in the west,I would

16、 never do such a stupid thing. （7）过去进行时 考点分析；过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生；或标志词有 _ 过去进行时的时间状语某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生,其中一个在由 when 或 while 引导的时间状语从句中； When I came in,he was sleeping.-_ （8）现在完成时 考点分析；现在完成时强调发生的动作连续到现在（已经完成或仍会连续下去）,并对现在造成了影响,除可以和 for 、since 引导的状语连用外,仍可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the lastpastfew

17、years months, weeks/lately/since then/in recent years/up to now/so far 至今/yet/just/already/before 等；以下句型中常用现在完成时It is has been +一段时间 + since 从句ThisThat / Itis the firstsecond time that +ThisThat / Itis the only 完成时 + that+Thisthat / Itis the best / finest / most inte resting + that 从句 +完成时在时间或条件状语从句

18、中,现在完成时可以代替一般将来时；如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it. If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better. Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.（9）留意几组时态的区分：一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异： 凡有过去时间的均用过去时态,不能用完成时态,如含有 ago、last year、just now 、 the other day 等；结果上有差异： 现在完成时强调的

19、是对“现在 ”的影响和结果, 动作到现在刚完成或仍在连续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去 ”,和现在毫无关系；过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去 ”；如显现同一主语连续几个动作（ “ 连谓 ”）形式就只用一般过去时即可；2、主动语态与被动语态（一）语态： 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的；英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态；主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；例如： Many people speak Chinese.谓语： speak的动作是由主语 被动语态表示主语是动作的承担者,即行为动作的对象；many people 来执行的；例如： Chinese is

20、spoken by many people.主语 English 是动词 speak 的承担者；（二）被动语态的结构被动语态由 “ 助动词 be及物动词的过去分词” 构成；人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be的变化表现出来的；现以 speak 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成；一般现在时： _spoken 一般将来时： _spoken 过去进行时： _spoken一般过去时： _spoken 现在进行时： _spoken 现在完成时： _spoken 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 过去完成时： _+ spoken

21、 含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由 We can repair this watch in two days.“ 情态动词 be过去分词 ” 构成This watch can be repaired in two days. 总结 ：被动语态的构成方式：be +过去分词, 口语只也有用 get / become +过去分词表示；被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承担者常用被动语态（by 短语有时可以省略） ；The windwow has not been cleaned for weeks. （1）使用被动语态时应留

22、意的几个问题；主动变化被动时双宾语的变化；看以下例句；This bridge was founded in 1988. My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. -An interesting book _. -I _. 主动变被动时,宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to；The boss made him work all day long. He was made to work all day longby the boss 短语动词变被动语态时,勿掉“尾巴 ” ；The children were tak

23、en good care of by her. Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. 情态动词和 be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better 等结构变被动 语态,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为 be +过去分词；当句子的谓语为 say、believe、expect、think 、know、 write 、consider、report 等时,被动语态有两种形式： （A）谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补；（B）用 it 作形式主 语,真正的主语

24、在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示；如：People say he is a smart boy. It is said that he is a smart boy. He is said to be a smart boy. People know paper was made in China first. It is known that paper was made in China first. Paper was known to be made in China first. 类似句型有： It is said / known / suggested / believed /

25、hoped/ thought t hat 口诀： 宾变主,主变宾,谓变be done ,时不变,数格必需随被变；（2）不能用被动语态的几种情形；全部的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中；如 appear, die ,disappear, end（vi. 终止） , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place 等没有无 被动语态；不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语,如 fit,

26、have, hold, marry,own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 等；例如：I happened to meet her yesterday. 表示状态的谓语动词,如：look like 、等；last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit 、join 、mean、last、表示归属的动词,如 have、 o

27、wn、belong to 等；宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 宾语是同源宾语,不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态；（） She likes to swim.（） To swim is liked by her.（3）主动形式表被动意义；当连系动词 feel、 look 、smell、taste、sound、 go、prove、 keep、get、grow 等后面接形容词构成系表结构时；当表示主语属性特点的动词如cut、read、sell、wear、w

28、rite 、drink 、wash 等 词 带 状 语 修 饰 语 时 ； 当 动 词 表 示 “ 开 始 、 结 束 、 关 、 停 、 转 、 启动” begin/finish/start/open/close/stop/end/shut/run/move 等意义时；The fish smells good.It has gone bad. This kind of cloth washes easily. These novels won sell well.My pen writes smoothly. The door wont lock Work began at 8:00.pm.

29、 当 break out、take place、shut off 、turn off 、work out 、run out 等动词表示 “发生 /关闭 /制定 /用完 ” 等意思时；The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off. want,require,need,deserve 后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义；be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动意义；_. 在 “.+be +形容词 + to do ”中,不定式的规律宾语是句子的主语,用主动表被动； The door needs repairing.

30、=_. This kind of water isn_drink. The air is hard to _breathe. _. 这个女孩很难相处得好；另外 ：be to blame受声讨 ,be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动；介词 in,on,under 等+加名词构成的介词短语可以表被动意义；under control 受掌握 beyond belief 难以置信 for rent 出租 out of reach 够不着 on sale 出售 under repair 在修理中 on show 展览；展出 in print 在印刷中（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情形；be

31、seated坐着 He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）他坐在凳子上；be hidden 隐藏He was hidden behind the door.He hid himself behind the door. 他藏在门后；be lost 迷路 be drunk 喝醉 be dressed穿着 be determined, be pleased, be graduated （ from）, be prepared （for）, be occupied （ in）, get married 等（5）被动语态与系表结构的区

32、分 被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态；如：The book was sold by a certain bookstore. 被动语态 The book is well sold. 系表结构 3、方法指导 ：1）学习动词的时态和语态时,切不行脱离实际运用的语境,一味死记硬背语法规章的条条框框； 明白几种常用的时态规章后,时态和语态的；要留心以英语为母语者在实际生活中如何运用各种2）建立事太多时、 体概念（“ 时” 即指现在时、 过去时、 将来时、 将来时、 过去将来时； 每个时又分为四个“ 体”即一般体、进行体、完成体、完成进行体；3）明白时态和语态的问题,要遵循以下思路：A. 这

33、件事是什么时候发生的事情或者情形（定“ 时”）；B.这个动作处于什么状态,是完成了,仍是未完成,仍是既不表完成也不表进行（定“ 体” ）；名师归纳总结 C.这个动作与主语的关系,是主动仍是被动（定“ 语态”）；第 5 页,共 11 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 二、 精典名题导解挑选填空1. Visitors _not to touch the exhibits.NMET 2022 A.will request B.are requested C.are requesting D.request 2. Selecting a mobile pho

34、ne for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.NMET 2022 A.is changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will change re ready to start.3.（2022 模拟试题）All the preparations for the task _, and weA.completed B.completeC.had been completed D.have been completed 4.My mind wasnt on wh

35、at he was saying so Im afraid I half of it.A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed 5.The discussion alive when an interesting topic was brought in. A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came 6.Tomin the library every night over the past 3 weeks. A. worksB. has been workingC.worked D.

36、had worked 7.2022.全国 -When Alice came to,she did not know how long shethere. A.has been lying B.was lying C.has lain D.had been lying 8.2022.安徽 -I don t ask for the name list.Whyon my desk. -I put it there just now in case you needed it. A.does it land B.has it landed C.will it land D.had it landed

37、9.I think store shopping will exit along with home shopping but. A.will never replace B.will replace C.will never be replaced D.would never be replaced 10.2022.全国 -Have you finished reading Jane Eyre . -No,Imy homework all day yestrerday. A.was doing B.would do C.had done D.did 基础训练题1. By the time I

38、 saw the angry expression in his face, I _ exactly what I was having to face. But not for a moment _ I should quit. A. had known ; I thought B. have known ; had I thought C. would know ; I would think D. knew ; did I think 2. In such a fierce competition, a person h as to make every effort if he _.

39、A. has succeeded B. is to succeed C. should succeed D. will succeed 3. The man opened his eyes and moved his lips, as if _ that he had something to tell me. A. saying B. having said C. to say D. to have said 4. Is the meeting held in Room 302 or 303. It should be 302. But I hear that it _ till tomor

40、row. 名师归纳总结 A. was put off B. will put off C. has been put off D. is put off 第 6 页,共 11 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5. The University of Tokyo is the oldest university in Japan and has always been in the lead when it comes to _ new challenges. A. be faced B. face C. facing D. faced 6. In

41、fact, more and more people _ to live a greener, healthier and more environmentally “green life” .clock toA. chose B. choose C. are choosing D. have chosen 7. Our car _ at the present speed until it reaches Qingdao at about nine oA. went B. is going C. goes D. will be going 8. China is _ to_ continue

42、d help to Iraq in its reconstruction. A. willingly ; give B. willing ; giving C. willing ; offer D. will ; offering 9. I thought you were going to leave early today to take your son to the show. I _, but I cant leave until I finish typing all the letters.A. had planned to B. planned to C. am still planning to D. was still planning to 10. Unfortunately, when we dropped in, Doctor Li _ for Indonesia to rescue the injured there, so we only had time for a few words. A. has just left B. was just leaving C. had just left