2022年高考英语专项冲刺单项填空.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载高考英语专项冲刺单项填空交际用语详解1Have you been wasting time on computer games again._. Ive been studying a lot and I need a break.D. I couldnt agree moreA. No way B. Not really C. I dont agree 解析：依据下一句“ 我始终在学习,我需要休息一下” 可知,此处应是“ 我没有铺张时间玩嬉戏；”Not really 意思是“ 事实上不是、没有” ,符合此处语境；No way

2、 意思是“ 没门” ；I don t agree 意思是“ 我不同意”,表示绝句对方的提议； I couldn t agree more 意思是“ 我特别同意” ,与所供应的情形冲突；2.Could we see each other at 3 oclock this afternoon. Sorry, lets make it time. （2022 重庆卷）A. others B. the other C. another D. otherKey. C 此题考查交际用语；依据上下文,another time 表示 “ 下次,改个时间” ；3 .-May I ask a question a

3、fter class, Sir.- , but not during my lunch break. （2022 重庆卷）A. Im sorry B. Anytime C. Certainly D. Go aheadC 此题考查交际用语；依据上下文表示“ 当然可以,不过不能在午饭期间” ；4. .-Im afraid I cant return the book to you before Friday.- （2022 重庆卷）A. Dont be afraid B. Be careful C. Not at all D. Take you timeD 此题考查交际用语；依据上下文可以看出“

4、没有关系,不要焦急；渐渐来”5.；. Would you like to join us in the game. _, for I have something important to attend to. 2022 福建卷 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. I will B. I 学习必备欢迎下载t D. I m afraid d love to C. I wonnot答案是 D；考查交际用语的用法；从答句来看,只有 D 项符合语境；Are you all right._.I have somethin

5、g important to attend toA. That s OK B. I think so C. Take it easy D. Its very kind of you答案：B；此题考查的是交际用语中 so指代一个确定的宾语从句的用法,在这里so 指代 Im all right ；本句的意思是： -你好吗？ -我想是这样（我想我的身体仍不错）；对于这种题型, 考生在复习时应当特殊留意加强对中西方文化学问的比较和明白,把握使用地道的英语表达习惯来沟通思想、传递信息；6 Shall we go out for dinner tonight._ .2022 浙江卷 A. You are

6、right B. It must be funny C. That sounds great D. Have a nice time答案：C；此题考查的是交际用语； 此题第一句 -Shall we go out for dinner tonight.实际上是一个表示建议的句子, 而不是一般的疑问, 这一点必需要特殊引起留意；A 项表示“ 你是对的”；B 项表示“ 这确定很好玩”；C 项表示“ 听起来很不错”；D 项表示“ （祝你）玩得开心” ；依据四个选项可以判知,表示赞同；7 - Is Peter there.C 项可用来对前一句- _, please. Ill see if I can f

7、ind him for you. 20008 江苏卷 A.Hold up B.Hold on C.Hold out D. Hold offB 解析：此题考查的是打电话时的用语,Hold on” 意为“ 别挂”名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载8 Have you got any job offers.No.1 _ 2022辽宁卷 A. waited B. had been waiting C. have waited D. am wailing . D 此题考查时态与交际用语的结合,由句意可知：目

8、前仍在等待；故用现在进 行时；9 ； -My name is Jonathan. Shall I spell it for you. - _ 2022 辽宁 卷 A. lf you don t mind B. Not at all C. Take it easy D. Nice to meet you 情形交际用语,由语境可知,选 A；10 Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class. _, but I promised Nancy to go out with her. （2022 卷）A. I d like to B.

9、I like it. Id like to 与上文呼应；C. I dont D. I willA；【试题解析】从对话上文可知是回答对方的恳求；【高考考点】情形交际；11What fruit is in season now.Pears and apples, _（.2022 卷）A. I know B. I think C. I see D. I feel【标准答案】 B；.【试题解析】依据对话上文可知 ,对别人提出问题的发表自己的看法应用 I think 我 认为 【高考考点】在交际中发表自己的看法；12Sorry, I made a mistake again. _. Practice m

10、ore and youll succeed. （.2022 卷）名师归纳总结 A. Never mind B. Certainly not 第 3 页,共 21 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - C. Not at all D. Don 学习必备欢迎下载t mention it【标准答案】 A；【试题解析】Certainly not 常用来回答别人问是否见意的问题； Not at all 和 Dont mention it.用于别人致谢时的答语；只有Never mind 符合语境；题意是“ 对不起,我又出错了；没关系,多练习,你就会胜利的；”【高考考

11、点】情形交际用语；考查别人致歉时如何劝慰对方；13 Say, Jane, will you come with me to the game Friday.-_, Bob, but I promised Mary Id go with her.（ 山东卷）A. My pleasure B. Thanks C. Take it easy D. Forget it. B 此题考查情形对话；对于对方的邀请表示感谢病并委婉拒绝；情形对话要从礼貌动身； My pleasure 相当于 Its my pleasure, 用于回答对方的感谢 .Take it easy意为：别焦急,渐渐来； Forget i

12、t 意为：算了吧,别再提了,常用于回答别 人的感谢和赔礼；14-I have some big news for you. Youclub.-_ Thats great. 安徽卷ve been accepted as a member of our A. Have I . B. Pardon. C. Congratulations. D. Good idea.【答案与简析】 A；此题考查语言的交际功能；选项A.Have I.是 Have I been accepted as a member of our club.的省略；在有清晰的上下文的情形下, 口语中尽量使用简洁的表达；选项B.Pard

13、on.用于恳求别人重复说过的话；选项C.Congratulations.用于庆贺别人取得的成果；选项 D.Good idea.用于对别人的建议表示赞同；【解题思路】精确把握语言在真实的交际环境中使用的得体性是解决此类问题的关键；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载15. -Good evening. Huangshan Hotel.-Good evening. _.（2022安徽卷）A. Do you still have a room for tonight please C. Is there

14、anything I can do for you pleaseB. What would you like, D. Who is that speaking, 【答案与简析】 A；此题考查语言的交际功能；从题意看,对话的双方分别是旅馆的服务员和顾客；四个选项中,只有选项A 的交际功能才符合顾客的身份；【解题思路】此题题干中 Huangshan Hotel是解题的关键,从中看出对话双方的 身份,从而简单懂得对话内容；16 I think youd better type this letter again before Mr. Smith see it.- Oh, dear.（2022 江西卷

15、）A. Who cares. B. No problemC. I dont mind at all 、D. Is it as bad as that.D 此题考查情形交际；由“ 我想你在 Mr. Smith 看到之前应当把这封信再打印 一次”“ 哦,真的吗？”可知对方对此不以为然； Is it as bad as that. 有 那样糟吗？ 其中 A 项 Who care 谁在乎？ 不礼貌；2分词作主语补足语难点形成缘由：名师归纳总结 1. 分不清什么是补足语；第 5 页,共 21 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载2. 分不清何时

16、用现在分词、何时用过去分词；3. 遇到时简单和其他学问点混淆；4. 练得不多、用得不熟；解决方法：1. 通过练习强化；2. 多做题 , 通过做练习,渐渐渗透；用法讲解：一、概念分词作主语补足语和宾语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中；具体地说,主动态句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语；先明白宾语补足语,就很简单明白主语补足语；宾语补足语 : 在英语中,某些及物动词不仅需要宾语,而且仍要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语, 即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态,这个词或短语称为宾语补足语；有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语；句型：及物动词 +宾语（n./pron.）+ 宾

17、语补足语（n./ adj./ adv./ to do/ -ing/ -ed/ 介词短语7 种表示法）该句型如变成被动语态,即将宾语提到句首作主语,原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用,所以改称主语补足语；例如：A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. （03 全国卷）此句中 smoking 是主语 he 的补足语,所以称为主语补足语；A cook will be immediately fired if someone finds him smoking in the

18、 kitchen. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载此句中 smoking 是宾语 him 的补足语,所以称为宾语补足语；二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语（宾语）补足语分词作主语（宾语）补足语时,如主语（宾语）与分词之间是主动关系,就用现在分词表示主动；假如主语（宾语）与分词之间是被动关系,就用过去分词表示被动；例如：He was heard singing in the next room. He was singing. 主语 he 与补足语“ 唱歌” 之间是主动关系, 故用现在分词

19、singing ；One of the glasses was found broken. One of the glasses was broken. 主语 one of the glasses 与补足语“ 打 破”之间是被动关系 , 故用过去分词 broken ；Dont leave the water running while you brush your teeth. （04 天津）The water is running. 宾语 the water 与补足语“ 淌” 之间是主动关系,故用现在分词 running ；三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词要会使用分词作补足语,必需记住

20、哪些动词可以接分词充当补足语；1. 感官动词 feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, observe, look at 一感二听五看 及 find 等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语；如：If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air moving against your face. The air can be felt moving against your face, if you wave your book in front of your f

21、ace. The next morning she found the man lying in bed, dead. The next morning the man was found lying in bed, dead. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载2表示 致使 动词 get, have 词充当补足语；,leave 等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分-Good morning. Can I help you. - I d like to have the package weighed

22、, madam. （ MET89）3. 表示“ 意欲；命令” 的动词如 like, want, wish, order 等常接过去分词充当补足语；如：You must tell us exactly what you would like done. 们该做什么；你必需精确地告知我The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴；I wish it done quickly. 我期望很快将此事做完；留意 ： set, start, catch常跟现在分词作宾语补足语,make常跟过去分词作宾语补足语；如：set sb thi

23、nking start sb coughing He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger. （04 北京春季）The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself heard. （NMET91）典例精析：1. 1 smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute. （2007 全国 I ）A. burning B. burnt

24、C. being burnt D. to be burnt 答案： A；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载解析： smell something burning“ 闻着什么东西在燃烧而发出糊味” 强调这个动作正在进行； burning 作宾语补足语； something burnt “ 烧焦了的东西” 表示一种状态；所以选A；s voice _ 2. After a knock at the door, the child heard his motherhim. 2007上海 A. callin

25、g B. called C. being called D. to call 答案： A；解析： hear sb. doing sth. 意为“ 听到某人在做某事” ；动词 +ing 表示主动,the child heard his mothers voice calling him 表示“ 孩子听见他母亲喊他” ； hear sth. done 表示“ 听见某事被做了” ；所以选 A；3. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ in a short period. （2

26、007 福建） D. improve A. improved B. improving C. to improve 答案： A；解析： have sth. done 表示“ 使某事被做” , have her written English improved “ 使她的书面英语得到提高” ；动词 +ed 形式作宾语补足语表示被动；have sb. doing sth. 意为“ 使某人始终在做某事”表主动；have sb. do sth. 意为“ 使某人做某事” 表主动,do 前必需省略 to ；所以选 A；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - -

27、 - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载4. - Did Peter fix the computer himself. - He _, because he doesnt know much about computers. 2007 安徽 A. has it fixed D. fixed it B. had fixed it C. had it fixed 答案： C；解析： have sth. done 表示“ 使某事被做或请别人做某事” ,动词 +ed形式作宾语补足语表示被动；由 because he doesnt know much about computers 可判定出,他找

28、别人修理了电脑；所以选 C；分词作状语难点形成缘由 :1. 对在句中作时间、条件、缘由仍是别的状语不是很清晰；2分不清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词；解决方法：1懂得 分词作状语时可以转换成相应的状语从句；2分 清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词；用法讲解：1. 分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、缘由、让步、条件,方式或相伴状况；通常可转换成相应的状语从句； 表示方式或相伴状况时可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句；例如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载the Put into use in A

29、pril 2000 =When it was put into use in April 2000, hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 2005 上海 分词短语作时间状语Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network =Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirit

30、s. 2006 福建 分词短语作缘由状语Given time =If he is given time, hell make a fis t-class tennis player. （03 北京）分词短语作条件状语We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. = and think that all 等连children like these things. 2006全国 3 分词短语作相伴状语2. 有时为了强调,

31、分词前可带when, while, if, though, as if, unless词一起作状语,以便使句子的意思更清晰、更连贯；例如：When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. Though tired, he still continued reading. 3. 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较；（2006 浙江）不管是现在分词仍是过去分词单独作状语,其规律主语必需与主句的主语 一样；

32、分词作状语通常可转换成一个相应的状语从句或并列句,假如状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为被动结构,就用过去分词； 假如状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为主动结构,就用现在分词；例如：When compared with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. （04 湖北）分词部分相当于 When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth, 主语与分词是被动关系,所以用过去分词；When comparing it

33、 with the size of the whole earth, we find that the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. When we compare it with the size of the whole earth. 动关系 , 所以用现在分词；主语与分词是主名师归纳总结 Faced with a bill for10,000=Because he is faced with a bill for第 11 页,共 21 页10,000, John has taken an extra job. 2006 全国 2 - -

34、- - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always saying the same thing = and he would say the same thing. （2006江苏）留意：1. 现在分词有两种时态：一般式doing 和完成式 having done；一般式通常表示与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或无先后；完成式就强调分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作；如：While w

35、alking in the street, we met some friends of ours.（同时发生）Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. （04 北京）（“ 等待” 先于谓语动词“ 意识到” ） 2. 分词的否定式的构成 : not +分词； Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 难点形成缘由：. 分不清什么是独立主格结构；. 分不清何时用现

36、在分词、何时用过去分词；. 遇到时简单和其他学问点混杂；. 练得不多、用得不熟；解决方法：. 要先下功夫学会分词作状语现象, 然后再引申出分词与句子主语既无主动又无被动关系现象,从而导出分词的独立主格结构；. 典型例句进行精讲精炼；用法讲解：独立主格结构与主语之间没有句法上的联系,但是与句子的意义是紧密名师归纳总结 联系在一起的； 它只能属于短语, 而不行以单独成为一个句子,是一个独立于句第 12 页,共 21 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载子之外,但是又能表达一个句子意思的特殊的结构；于句首、句中、句尾,通常与句子之间用逗号隔

37、开；它的位置比较敏捷, 可以置其结构是： 名词 / 代词+动词不定式 / 现在分词 / 过去分词 / 形容词 / 副词/介词短语 / 名词 ,起到规律主语作用的代词要用主格形式,不行以用宾格；“ with+复合宾语” 实际上也是独立主格结构的一种,但是此结构中的代词用宾格形式,即“with+ 宾语 +宾语补足语” ；独立主格结构在句中主要用来作状语,可以表示缘由、方式、时间、伴随等, with+ 复合宾语结构除了可以作状语外,仍可以用来作定语；以下分六种情形分别介绍：1. 名词 / 代词+动词不定式表示动作发生在主句动词动作之后或者仍没有发生,构成形式是：n/ pron.+ to do sth

38、., 假如不定式与其规律主语之间是动宾关系,就用动词不定式的被动形式；如：The examination to be held tomorrow morning, I couldnt go to surf the Internet tonight. 明早就要考试了,今晚我不能上网了；2. 名词 / 代词+现在分词表示动作与主句动词动作同时发生,构成形式是：n/ pron.+ doing,假如强调分词的大事发生在主句动作时间之前,通常用现在分词完成式形式来表示；如：It being a fine day, we decided to go swimming. 由于天气不错,我们打算去游泳；（表示

39、缘由）The students having done all the exercises, the text. the teacher went on to explain 同学做完全部练习之后,老师连续讲解课文；（表示时间）3. 名词 / 代词+过去分词名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 21 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载假如所用的分词与主格名词或代词之间是动宾关系,由于独立主格中的名词或代词就是短语的规律主语, 因此要用过去分词, 表示过去分词与规律主语之间的被动关系；如：The prisoner stood there,

40、his hands raised.（表示相伴状况）4. 名词 / 代词+非动词（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）该结构主要用来表示对句子的细节进行补充说明,主要是用来表示方式、伴 随、缘由、时间等；如：I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这场事故中受伤了,心中布满担忧；（形容词,表相伴）We went many guests, most of them Americans. 我们会见了很多客人,他们当中大部分是美国人；（名词,表补充说明）The murderer got into t

41、he house, a sword in his hand. 凶手闯进房间,手里拿着一把剑；（介词短语,表相伴）提示 ：在跟介词短语时,要考虑到介词两边的名词的对等关系,即假如是“ 名 词+介词 +名词” 结构,当两边的名词都是可数名词单数形式时要留意：要么两 边的名词都用限定词,要么都不用限定词,例如：The murderer got into the house, a sword in his hand. =The murderer got into the house, sword in hand. =The murderer got into the house , with a sw

42、ord in his hand. 名师归纳总结 5. with+ 宾语 +宾语补足语 05 北京 第 14 页,共 21 页“with+ 名词（代词） +现在分词” 表正在进行“I couldn t do my homework with all that noise going on.with+ 名词（代词） +过去分词” 表被动- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载It was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished. NMET2004 福建 “with+

43、 名词（代词） +动词不定式” 表将来 I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year. （05湖南）With all this work to do, I dont know if Ill have time to go out.有这么多工作要做,我不知道是否有时间出去；“with+ 名词（代词） +形容词 / 副词 / 名词/ 介词短语” 表宾语的性质或状态She used to sleep with the windows open. With Mr Smith away, weve got more room.With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.NMET2000 He left home, with his wife